定语从句讲解和练习

定语从句知识点详解 一 定义及相关术语 1 定语从句 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 定语从句一般紧跟在它 所修饰的先行词之后 分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 2 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 3 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有 that which who whom whose as 等 关系副词有 when where why 关系词通常有下列三个作用 A 引导定语从句 B 代替先行词 C 在定语 从句中担当一个成分 可以担当主语 宾语 定语 表语或状语 例如 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman 该句中 是定语从句 修饰先行词 是引导定语从句的关系词 它代替先行词 在定 语从句中作 语 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 1 who 指人 在定语从句中作主语 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 正在踢足球的 男孩是一班的 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨 7 点到大门口集合 That is the teacher 那就是教我 们物理的老师 2 whom 指人 在定语从句中做宾语 常可省略 Mr Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus 刘先 生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人 Li Ming is just the boy whom I want to see 李明正是我想要见 的男孩 The professor has come 你正在等的 教授已经来了 The girl is our monitor 老 师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长 注意 关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替 也可省略 The man whom who you met just now is my old friend 3 which 指物 在定语从句中做主语或宾语 在限制性定语从句中做宾语时常 可省略 He likes reading books which are written by foreign writers 他喜欢 外国作家写的书 The house which is by the lake looks nice 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂 亮 This is the pen 这是他昨天买的 钢笔 The film was not interesting at all 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有 Football is a game which is liked by most boys 足球是大多数男孩所 喜欢的运动 4 that 指人时 相当于 who 或 whom 指物时 相当于 which 在定语从句 中作主语或宾语 作宾语时常可省略 The number of people that who come to visit this city each year reaches one million 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万 The person that whom you introduced to me is very kind 你介绍给我 的那个人很友好 Yesterday I received a letter 昨 天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信 5 whose 通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country 我拜 访了一个全国知名的科学家 He has a friend whose father is a doctor 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友 I once lived in the house 我曾 经住在那幢屋顶受损的房子里 注意 whose 名词常用下列结构来代替 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed 关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词 who 人主语 宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom which 和 that 在从句中做宾语 时 常可以省略 但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略 也不可以用 thatwhom 人 Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy whom she loved died in the war whose 人 物 I like those books whose topics are about history The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate that 主语 宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly She is the pop star that I want to see very much which 主语 宾语 The book which I gave you was worth 10 The picture which was about the accident was terrible 三 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时 从句常常由 介词 关系代词 引出 The school which that he once studied in is very famous The school in which he once studied is very famous 他曾经就读过的 学校很出名 This is the boy whom who that I played tennis with yesterday This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday 这是我昨天跟他 打网球的男孩 We ll go to hear the famous singer whom who that we have often talked about We ll go to hear the famous singer we have often talked 我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱 注意 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 介词仍放在短语动词的后面 如 look for look after take care of 等 This is the watch which that I am looking for 正 这是我 正在找的手表 This is the watch for which I am looking 误 The babies whom who that the nurse is looking after are very healthy 正 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康 The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy 误 若介词放在关系代词前 关系代词指人时只可用 whom 不可用 who that 关系代词指物时只可用 which 不可用 that 关系代词是所有格时用 whose The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor 正 你刚才 跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居 The man with that who you talked just now is my neighbor 误 The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable 正 我 们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服 The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable 误 介词 关系代词 前还可有 some any none all both neither many most each few 等代词或者数词 如 In the basket there are many apples some of which have gone bad 篮子里有好些苹果 有些已经坏了 There are forty students in our class in all are from big cities 我们班总共有 个学生 大多数来自 大城市 Up to now he has written ten stories are about country life 迄今为止 他写了 部小说 其中 部是 关于农村生活的 四 关系副词引导的定语从句 1 when 指时间 在定语从句中作时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to this school 我仍 然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天 The time when we got together finally arrived 我们团聚的时刻终 于到了 Do you remember the years 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗 2 where 指地点 在定语从句中作地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born 上海 一模 是我出生的城市 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down 我十年前 住的房子已经被拆掉了 I visited the farm 我参观了那个饲养了 许多奶牛的农场 3 why 指原因 在定语从句中作原因状语 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 请告诉我你误机的 原因 I don t know the reason 我不 知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快 注意 关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句 来表示 如 Great changes have taken place in the city where in which they live 他们生活的城市发生了巨大的变化 The reason why for which he refused the invitation is quite clear 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的 五 关系代词与关系副词的选择 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用 即 所担当的成分 试比较 A I know a place where we can have a picnic 我知道一个我们可 以野炊的地方 I know a place which that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方 B I will never forget the days