英语虚拟语气详解及历年高考真题训练

精品文档 1欢迎下载 虚虚 拟拟 语语 气气 第一节第一节 语气语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气 陈述语气 Indicative Mood 祈使语气 Imperative Mood 和虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood 不同的语气用动词的不同形式 有 的还借助句法形式 来表示 第二节第二节 虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 而是一种 假设 猜测 怀疑等 在条件从句中或让步状语从句中 一是表示说话人的愿望 要求 命 令 建议等 在宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 NO TE 使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时 被称为 错综 时间条件句 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整 If you had followed my advice you would be better now 如果你听我的建议 你现在就 会痊愈了 在条件句中 可省略 if 把 were had should 提到句首 变为倒装句式 If you had come earlier you would have met him Had you come earlier you would have met him 第四节第四节 虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 一 虚拟语气在主语从句中一 虚拟语气在主语从句中 A A 在句型 It is important necessary strange natural that 中 表示某事重要 奇怪 自然 必要等 that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用 should 动 词原形 should 可以省略 精品文档 2欢迎下载 例如 It s important that we should take good care of the patient 重要的是我们要照顾好病人 这类的形容词还有 advisable 可取的 appropriate 适当 的 compulsary 必须的 crucial 关键的 desirable 理想的 essential 必要的 imperative 迫切的 important 重要的 possible 可能的 preferable 更好的 probable 可能的 strange 奇怪的 urgent 急迫的 vital 极为重要的 等 B B Itis demanded suggested ordered required recommended requested required that clause 句型中从句用 should 动词原型 表示愿望 建议 请求等主观意愿等 It is demanded that we should work out a plan C C It is a pity a shame no wonder proposal recommendation suggestion surprise advice that 句型中从句也常用 should 动词原型 表示建议 命令 请求 道歉 怀疑 惊奇等 It s a pity that you should miss a good chance 二 用于宾语从句二 用于宾语从句 用于表示命令 建议 要求等一类词后面的宾语从句 insist suggest order command advise propose require request demand desire etc 注意 suggest 当表示 暗示 表明 讲时 insist 表示 坚持认为 之意时 应用陈述语 气 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意 He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means 他坚持要 求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money 那个人坚持说他没 有偷钱 三 用于表语从句和同位语从句三 用于表语从句和同位语从句 在 suggestion proposal order plan advice idea request desire recommendation resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用 should 动 词原形 should 可以省略 My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地 练习说英语 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议 第五节第五节 虚拟语气在其他从句中虚拟语气在其他从句中 1 1 ItIt isis high high aboutabout timetime thatthat 从句中的谓语动词用过去式或 should 动词原形 should 不能省略 It s high time we went to the laboratory 该是我们去实验室的时候了 2 2 IfIf onlyonly 引导的感叹句 要是 引导的感叹句 要是 该有多好啊 但愿 该有多好啊 但愿 2 1 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望 用过去时或 would could 动词原形表示 If 精品文档 3欢迎下载 only you listened to us 要是你听我们的话该多好啊 2 2 与过去事实相反的愿望 用过去完成时 例如 If only I had listened to the doctor s advice 我要是听了医生的话就好 了 3 3 wouldwould ratherrather wouldwould sooner sooner wouldwould asas soon wouldsoon would preferprefer 从句从句 也常也常 用虚拟语气 表示宁愿 但愿之意 这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设 而是一种用虚拟语气 表示宁愿 但愿之意 这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设 而是一种 尚未实现的愿望尚未实现的愿望 3 13 1 表示现在或将来的情况 表示现在或将来的情况 在上述词后 主语 动词过去时 例如 I would rather you left today 我宁愿你今天走 I would sooner my daughter attended a public school 但愿我的女儿能上公立学校 I would prefer he didn t stay here too long 我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久 3 23 2 表示过去的情况 在上述词后表示过去的情况 在上述词后 主语主语 动词过去完成时 动词过去完成时 例如 I would rather I hadn t seen that film yesterday 我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影 4 4 asas ifif asas though though 看起来看起来 eveneven ifif eveneven though though 即使即使 常用虚拟形常用虚拟形 式 其构成形式与式 其构成形式与 wishwish 后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同 表示与现在事实相反 从后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同 表示与现在事实相反 从 句意上判断 句意上判断 用过去式 与过去事实相反用过去完成式 用过去式 与过去事实相反用过去完成式 had had done done would couldwould could 动动 词原形 词原形 例如 The football fans of act as if they were crazy 那些足球迷们经常就像 疯了似的 act 与 were 发生在同一时间平面上 He often talks about London as though he had been there had been there 发生在 talkes 之前 他常常谈起伦敦 就好像他去过那里似的 She often talks and talks as if she would never stop would never stop 后于 talks and talks 发生 她常常讲起来没完没了 5 5 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 inin orderorder that sothat so that inthat in casecase lestlest forfor fearfear thatthat 引导的目引导的目 的状语从句中的应用 从句中的谓语动词用的状语从句中的应用 从句中的谓语动词用 may might may might 动词原形 动词原形 或或 should should 动词原形 动词原形 在以 在以 lestlest 引导的从句中 谓语动词用引导的从句中 谓语动词用 should should 动词原形 动词原形 例如 He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain 他拿上了雨衣以防下雨 He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again 他被处以惩罚以免他再犯 He put his coat over the child for fear that he should catch cold 他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒 6 wish6 wish 后面的宾语从句中 后面的宾语从句中 一般用虚拟语气 表示一种不可能实现的愿望 其谓语动词一般用虚拟语气 表示一种不可能实现的愿望 其谓语动词 形式为 形式为 表现在表现在 过去时过去时 表示与主句的谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与表示与主句的谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与 事实相反的愿望事实相反的愿望 I wish I were a bird were 与 wish 发生在同一时间平面上 表过去 过去完成时 从句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生或存在 that 主语 had 动词的过去分词 精品文档 4欢迎下载 I wish you had come to our Christmas party 表将来 would might could 动词原形 从句的谓语动词后于主句的谓语动词发生 或存在 I wish that the rain could stop soon 虚拟语气专项练习虚拟语气专项练习 1 Jack wishes that he business instead of history when he was in university A studied B had been studying C study D had studied 2 The millions of calculation involved had they been done by hand all practical value by the time they were finished A had lost B would lose C would have lost D should have lost 3 It is essential that these application forms back as early as possible A must be sent B are sent C will be sent D be sent It is important that the hotel receptionist that guests are registered correctly A has made sure B must make sure C made sure D make sure 5 It was essential that the application forms back before the deadline A must be sent B be sent C would be sent D were sent 6 It s necessary the dictionary immediately A that he will return B that he return C that he returned D that he has to return 7 It is important that enough money to fund the project A be collected B was collected C must be collected D can be collected 8 I don t think it advisable that Tom to the job since he has no experience A is assigned B be assigned C will be assigned D has been 精品文档 5欢迎下载 assigned 9 The suggestion that the mayor the prizes was accepted by everyone A would present B present C ought to present D presents 10 We are all for your proposal that the discussion A be put off B should put off C was put off D is to put off 11 You him so closely you should have kept your distance A shouldn t have been following B mustn t follow C couldn t have been following D shouldn t follow 12 The manager would rather his daughter in the same office A does not work B had not worked C not to work D did not work 13 Wouldn t you rather your child to bed early A go B would go C went D goes 14 I d rather you make any comment on the issue for the time being A don t B didn t C wouldn t D shouldn t 15 Mike s uncle insists in this hotel A staying not B that he would not stay C not to stay D that he not stay 16 As Commander in Chief of the armed forces I have directed that all measures for our defense A had been taken B be taken C would be taken D to be taken 17 The manager of the hotel requests that their guests after 11 00 p m A not to play loud music B don t play loud music C shouldn t play loud music D couldn t play loud music 18 We desire that the tour leader us immediately of any change in plans A inform B informs C informed D has informed 19 He suggested to tomorrow s exhibition together A us to go B we shall go C we went D we go 20 Sometimes I wish I in a different time and a different place A be living B would live C were living D would have lived 21 I wish I longer this morning but I had to get up and come to class 精品文档 6欢迎下载 A could have slept B might have slept C slept D have slept 22 Jean doesn t want to work right away because she thinks that if she a job she probably wouldn t be able to see her friends very often A has to get B had got C were to get D could have got 23 If the whole operation beforehand a great deal of time and money would have been lost A was not planned B had not been planned C has not been planned D were not planned 24 Had he worked harder he the exams A must have got through B would get through C would have got through D could get through 25 before we depart the day after tomorrow we should have a wonderful dinner party A Had they arrived B Were they arriving C Would they arrive D Were they to arrive 26 right now she would get there on Sunday A Would she leave B Were she to leave C If she leaves D If she had left 27 for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand A Not being B Without being C Had it not been D Not having been 28 for your laziness you could have finished the assignment by now A Had it not been B Weren t it C It were not D Had not it been 29 If it too much trouble I d love a cup of tea A isn t B weren t C wasn t D hadn t been 30 If I hadn t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell you now A wouldn t be smiling B won t smile C couldn t have smiled D didn t smile 31 We didn t know his telephone number otherwise we him A would have telephoned B would telephone C must have telephoned D had telephoned 32 He must have had an accident or he then A would have been here B should be here C had to be here D would be 精品文档 7欢迎下载 here 33 Some women a good salary in a job instead of staying home but they decided not to work for the sake of the family A must make B should have made C would make D could have made 34 We to start our own business but we never had enough money A have hoped B had hoped C would hope D should hope 35 The mad man was put in the soft padded cell lest he himself A injure B injured C had injured D would injure 36 You are very selfish It s high time you that you are not the most important person in the world Edgar said to his boss angrily A realized B realize C have realized D should realize 37 It s already 5 o clock now Don t you think it s about time A we are going home B we went home C we go home D we can go home 38 If only the committee the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B can approve C will approve D would approve 39 Look at the terrible situation I am in If only I your advice A follow B would follow C had followed D have followed 40 I m sure he is up to the job he would give his mind to it A if only B in case C until D unless 虚拟语气历年高考题虚拟语气历年高考题 1 Sorry I am too busy now If I time I would certainly go for an outing with you A have had B had had C have D had 2 If my car more reliable I would have driven to Lasa instead of flying last summer A was B had been C should be D would be 3 We the difficulty together but why didn t you tell me A should face B might face C could have faced D must have faced 4 We lost our way in that small village otherwise we more places of 精品文档 8欢迎下载 interest yesterday A visited B had visited C would visit D would have visited 5 Grace doesn t want to move to New York because she thinks if she there she wouldn t be able to see her parents very often A lives B would live C having asked D were to live 6 But for the help of my English teacher I the first prize in the English Writing Competition A would not win B would not have won C would win D would have won 7 Thank you for all your hard work last week I don t think we it without you A can manage B could have managed C could manage D can have managed 8 fired your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off A Would you be B Should you be C Could you be D Might you be 9 Do you mind if I open the window I feel a bit cold A Of course not B I d rather you didn t C Go ahead D Why not 10 It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love at the age of seven with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown A wouldn t have fallen B had not fallen C should fall D were to fall 11 What would have happened as far as the riverbank A Bob had walked farther B if Bob should walk farther C had Bob walked farther D if Bob walked farther 12 He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball otherwise he a goal A had scored B scored C would score D would have scored 13 If only he quietly as the doctor instructed he wouldn t suffer so much now A lies B lay C had lain D should lie 14 Without the air to hold some of the sun s heat the earth at night too cold for us to live 精品文档 9欢迎下载 A would be freezing cold B will be freezing coldly C would be frozen cold D can freeze coldly 15 You didn t let me drive If we in turn you so tired A drove didn t get B drove wouldn t get C were driving wouldn t get D had driven wouldn t have got 16 for the free tickets I would not have gone to the films so often A If it is not B Were it not C Had it not been D If they were not 17 Jane s pale face suggested that she ill and her parents suggested that she a medical examination A be should have B was have C should be had D was has 18 I did not see your sister at the meeting If she she would have met my brother A has come B did come C came D had come 19 it rain tomorrow we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A Were B Should C Would D Will 20 The two strangers talked as if they friends for years A should be B would be C have be D had been 21 If the weather had been better we could have had a picnic But it all day A rained B rains C has rained D is raining 22 They two free tickets to Canada otherwise they d never have been able to afford to go A had got B got C have got D get 23 Don t you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York I agree but the problem is he has refused to A will not be sent that B not be sent that C should not be sent what D should not send what 24 Had I known about this computer program a huge amount of time and energy A would have been saved B had been saved 精品文档 10欢迎下载 C will be saved D was saved 25 John went to the hospital alone If he me about it I would have gone with him A should tell B tells C told D had told 26 The weather has been very hot and dry Yes If it had rained even a drop things would be much better now And my vegetables A wouldn t die B didn t die C hadn t died D wouldn t have died 27 George is going to talk about the geography of his country but I d rather he more on its culture A focus B focused C would focus D had focused 28 If we the other road we might have arrived here in time for the meeting A take B had taken C took D have taken 29 Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution I it but I was busy preparing for a job interview A attended B had attended C would attend D would have attended 30 Where are the children The dinner s going to be completely ruined I wish they always late A weren t B hadn t been C wouldn t be D wouldn t have been 精品文档 11欢迎下载 答案与解析 1 D 译文 杰克宁愿在大学学的是商务而不是历史 本句是 wish 后接虚拟语气的用法 在 wish 后面所接的宾语从句中 要用虚拟语气结构 其主要形式有三种 表示对现在情况的虚拟 wish 主语 动词过去式 表示对过去情况的虚拟 wish 主语 had 过去分词 表示对将来情况的虚拟 wish 主语 would 动词原形 2 C 译文 数以百万计的相关计算 如果由人工操作的话 到计算完成时早已失去其实用价值 本句是条件句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构的用法 由省略 if 的从句 had they been done by hand 中的时态可知 C 为正确答案 3 D 译文 这些申请表尽快寄出是极其必要的 本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气用法 在 It is important necessary that clause 结构中 that 从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气 其形式为 should 动词原形 这一结构是 否用虚拟语气取决于主句 It is important that 中的形容词 如本句中的 important 4 D 译文 旅馆接待员必须确保旅客登记正确 这点是很重要的 本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟 语气的使用 5 B 译文 申请表务必在截止日期之前寄回 本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用 6 B 译文 他必须马上归还字典 本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用 7 A 译文 重要的是募集足够的钱 为这个项目提供资金 本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的 使用 8 B 精品文档 12欢迎下载 译文 汤姆缺乏经验 指派他做这项工作我认为是不合适的 本句涉及复合宾语从句中的虚拟语气的使用 在以 it 为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可 以用虚拟语气 其形式为 should 动词原形 这一结构中的虚拟用法主要取决于作补语 的形容词 advisable 9 B 译文 大家都接受了让市长发奖的建议 本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法 英语中在表示命令 建议 劝告 愿望 要求等 词后所接的同位语从句中 从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气 其形式为 should 动词原形 常用的这类词有 suggestion advise order recommendation requirement command proposal 等名词 10 A 译文 我们都支持你提出的推迟讨论的建议 本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法 11 A 译文 你本不该跟他跟得这么紧 你本该保持一定距离的 本句涉及 暗含虚拟句 should ought not have 过去分词 表示 本不应该做某事 但却做了 含有某种责备的口气 should ought to have 过去分词 表示 本应该做某事 却未做 例如 You should have returned the book last week 你本来应该上周就该归还这本书 但上周并未还 12 D 译文 经理宁愿他女儿不和他在同一个办公室上班 本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法 在 would rather would sooner would just as soon might as well 和 would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中 也可用虚拟语气 表示愿望 意为 宁愿 但愿 其形式为 would rather would sooner 主语 谓语动词过去时 表示现在或将来的 情况 would rather would sooner 主语 过去完成时 表示过去的情况 13 C 译文 你为何不让你的孩子早点睡觉 本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法 14 B 译文 我倒是希望你对这个问题先别发表什么看法 本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法 英语中在 would rather would sooner would just as soon might as well 和 would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中 也可用虚拟语气 表 示愿望 意为 宁愿 但愿 精品文档 13欢迎下载 15 D 麦克的叔叔坚持他不留在旅馆里 本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用 动词 insist 后接宾语从句 从句中的谓语为 should 动词原形 should 常省略 常这样用的词有 command desire demand order propose recommend request require suggest 等 16 B 译文 我作为武装部队的总司令命令采取一切措施进行防御 本句涉及虚拟语气在 宾语从句中的使用 17 C 译文 旅馆的经理恳请客人晚上 11 点后 音乐声不要放得太响 本句涉及虚拟语气在宾 语从句中的使用 18 A 译文 我们要求导游立刻告诉我们计划有什么变动 本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使 用 19 D 译文 他建议我们一块去看明天的展览 本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用 20 C 译文 我有时希望自己生活在另一个时代和另一个地方 本句涉及动词 wish 后所接宾语从句的用法 在 wish 后面所接的宾语从句中 要用虚拟语 气结构 其主要形式有三种 表示对现在情况的虚拟 wish 主语 动词过去式 表示对过去情况的虚拟 wish 主语 had 过去分词 表示对将来情况的虚拟 wish 主语 would 动词原形 21 A 译文 我真希望今天早上能多睡一会儿 可我不得不起床去上课 本句涉及动词 wish 后 所接宾语从句的用法 22 C 译文 琼不想马上就工作 她想要是找了工作就不能马上探访朋友了 本句涉及 if 引导的虚拟条件句 表示与将来事实相反的假设 表示与将来事实相反的非真 实条件句 从句中的谓语动词用 were to 动词原形或 should 动词原形 主句中的谓语 动词用 should 第一人称 would 第二 三人称 动词原形 23 B 译文 要是整个手术当时没有预先计划好的话 大量的金钱和时间就白花了 本句涉及 if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的用法 表示与过去事实相反的假设 与过去事实相 精品文档 14欢迎下载 反的非真实条件句中 从句中的谓语动词用 had 过去分词 主句的谓语动词用 should 或 would have 过去分词 24 C 译文 他当时学习努力的话 这次考试就通过了 本句涉及省略 if 的虚拟条件句 在正式文体中 有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词 if 省去 而将 were had should 等助动词 不包括行为动词 提到主语前面 用倒装结构 如果句中 没有 were had 或 should 时 既不能省略 if 也不能倒装 25 D 译文 我们后天走 要是他们在这之前到达 我们就可以痛痛快快地撮一顿 本句涉及省 略 if 的虚拟条件句 26 B 译文 她要是现在就走的话 星期天就到那儿了 本句涉及 if 引导的虚拟条件句 表示与将来事实相反的假设 表示与将来事实相反的非真 实条件句 从句中的谓语动词用 were to 动词原形或 should 动词原形 主句中的谓语动 词用 should 第一人称 would 第二 三人称 动词原形 如从句中省去 if 主 谓要用倒装结构 27 C 译文 我当时要是没生病的话 就帮他了 本句涉及省略 if 的虚拟条件句 虚拟语气也常用于 If it were had been not for 句型中 意为 要不是 If it were not for 表示与现在事实相反的假设 从 本句的主句来判断 这是一句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 If it had not been for 表示与过去事实相反的假设 与主句中的谓语动词相一致 在正式文体中 有时可把虚拟条 件句中的连词 if 省去 而将 were had should 等助动词 不包括行为动词 提到主语前 面 用倒装结构 如果句中没有 were had 或 should 时 既不能省略 if 也不能倒装 28 A 译文 要不是你偷懒 你现在就已经完成任务了 本句涉及省略 if 的虚拟条件句 虚拟语气也常用于 If it were had been not for 句型中 意为 要不是 If it had not been for 表示与过去事实相反的 假设 从本句的主句来判断 这是一与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 与主句中的谓语动词相 一致 在正式文体中 有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词 if 省去 而将 were had sho