高中语法定语从句的详细讲解

精品文档 1欢迎下载 定语从句详解与练习定语从句详解与练习 一 定义及相关术语 1 定语从句 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先 行词之后 2 先行词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 3 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有 that which who whom whose as 关系副 词有 when where why 注意 关系代词与关系副词在定语从句中充当不同的句子成分 定语从句中缺主 宾 表 用关系代词 缺状语用关系副词 何为句子成分 五大基本句 1 主 谓 Vi I come 2 主 谓 Vt 宾 I love you 3 主 谓 Vt 间宾 直宾 I give him a book 4 主 谓 Vt 宾 宾补 I make him happy 5 主 系 表 I am tall 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 1 which 指物 在定语从句中做主语 宾语 表语 The house which is by the lake looks nice 主 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮 This is the pen which he bought yesterday 宾 这是他昨天买的钢笔 She was fond of dancing which her brother never was 表 她喜欢跳舞 她弟弟从不 喜欢 2 that 指人 物 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语 The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million 人 主 每年来参观这座城 市的人数达一百万 Where is the man that I saw this morning 人 宾 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪 儿 He is no longer a little boy that he used to be 人 表 他已经不再是以前那个小 男孩儿了 The season that comes after spring is summer 物 主 春天以后的季节是夏季 The person that you introduced to me is very kind 物 宾 你介绍给我的那 个人很友好 3 who 指人 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 主 正在踢足球的男孩是 一班的 He is the man who I talked about to you 宾 他就是我给你提到的那位男士 He is no longer the man who he used to be 表 他不再是以前的那个他了 4 whom 指人 在定语从句中做宾语 常可省略 Li Ming is just the boy whom I want to see 李明正是我想要见的男孩 5 whose 指人 物 在定语从句中作定语 表所属 的 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country 人 我拜访 了一个全国知名的科学家 精品文档 2欢迎下载 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in 物 我曾经住在那幢屋顶 已经倒塌了的房子里 特殊情况归纳总结特殊情况归纳总结 规则规则 1 1 关系代词若在限制性定语从句中做宾语并且前面无介词时 关系代词可省略 She is the woman whom who that I saw yesterday 规则规则 2 2 定语从句中的主谓一致 1 关系代词在定语从句中做主语时 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 I who am your close friend will try my best to help you 2 one of 复数名词 关系代词 复数动词 the only one of 复数名词 关系代词 单数动词 Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam Tom is the only one of the boys who has passed the exam 3 非限制性定语从句中 由关系代词 as 或 which 代替整个主句时 从句谓语动词要用第 三人称单数 Great changes have taken place in China as which is known to all 规则规则 3 3 定语从句中的关系代词只能用 that 的情况 1 修饰词 先行词 that the only the very any few the first the best 等 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben 2 先行词为不定代词 that everything something nobody none all few any 等 All that can be done has been done Is there anything that you want to buy 3 Who Which 主句的主语 that 避免重复 Who is the man that is standing there Which is the book that you bought yesterday 4 先行词 人 物 that We talked about the books and writers that we knew 5 有两个定语从句 其中一个关系代词已经用了 which 另一个则用 that They have set up a company which deals with the things that are related to environment protection 6 当先行词在主句中作表语 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时 只用 that Hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be 规则规则 4 4 定语从句中关系代词只能用 which 的情况 1 在引导非限制性定语从句时 which who who The tree which is four hundred years old is very famous here 2 in on from 介词 which whom We depend on the land from which we get our food He is the boy from whom I borrowed the book 3 有两个定语从句 其中一个关系代词已经用 that 另一个则用 which 精品文档 3欢迎下载 规则规则 5 5 指人时 定语从句中关系代词只能用 who 的情况 1 当先行词是 anyone those 时 Is there anyone who can help me 2 有两个定语从句 其中一个关系代词已经用 that 另一个则用 who 规则规则 6 6 whose 既可以指人又可以指物 在定语从句中作定语 后跟名词 指物时 whose 名词 名词 of which of which 名词 The classroom whose door the door of which of which the door is broken is on the second floor 规则 7 as 和 which 的区别 1 as 引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前 也可以在主句后 有时还可以插入句中 意为 正如 正像 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 译成 这 As we know smoking is harmful to one s health Smoking is harmful to one s health as which is known to all 2 特殊代词 as 的用法 such as I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using so as I have never seen so clever a boy as he is the same as 表同一类 the same that 表同一个 This is the same pen as I lost last week 这只笔跟我昨天掉的那支笔一样 This is the same pen that I lost last week 这支笔就只我昨天掉的那支笔 规则 8 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句 指人时用 whom 指物时用 which 某些带有介词的动词短语 介词可以提至关系代词前 但在一些固定搭配的短语动词中 由于动词和介词不可以分割 不能将介词置于关系代词之前 如 take care of look for look after care for 等 He is the boy from whom I borrowed the book He is the boy whom I borrowed the book from This is the book which that I am looking for 三 关系副词引导的定语从句 1 when 指时间 在定语从句中作时间状语 when 表示时间的介词 in at on during which I still remember the days when during which I stayed in Beijing 作状 I still remember the days which that we spent together 作宾 2 where 指地点 在定语从句中作地点状语 where 表示地点的介词 in at on under which He showed me the place where in which he lived 作状 This is the place which that we visited last year 作宾 3 why 指原因 在定语从句中作原因状语 why 表示原因的介词 for which I don t know the reason why for which he looks unhappy today 作状 The reason which that you gave us was unacceptable 作宾 特殊情况归纳总结特殊情况归纳总结 精品文档 4欢迎下载 规则规则 1 1 the way 作先行词的时候 定语从句中不缺主 宾 表时 用 in which that 定语从句中若缺主 宾 表 则用 which that The way in which that he answered the questions was suprising The way which that he explained to us was quiet simple 规则规则 2 2 一些特殊的先行词如 situation point case activity scene period festival occasion 等 要注意具体情况具体分析 作主 宾 表时 用关系代词 that which 作状语时 用关 系副词 where when 或 介词 which There is a point that which we must insist on We are just trying to reach a point where at which both sides will sit down together and talk 注意 定语从句中的关系词选择规则注意 定语从句中的关系词选择规则 作主 宾 表关系代词 which that who whom as 作状语关系副词 where when why 作定语关系代词 whose 四 定语从句和其他句型之间的区别 1 定语从句与结果状语从句 He is such a good boy as everyone likes He is such a good boy that everyone likes him 2 非限制性定语从句与并列句 He said nothing which made me angry He said nothing and that made me angry There are two boys in Peter s both of whom are white There are two boys in Peter s and both of them are white 3 定语从句与地点状语从句 This kind of plant grows best at the place where it is warm and wet This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet 4 定语从句与名词性从句 As is known to us all the light on the earth is given by the sun It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun What is known to us all is that the light on the earth is given by the sun 5 定语从句与强调句 It was a small village that which we know It was in this small village that we got to know each other 五 检测 一 1 This is the best factory we visited last year A where B which C in which D that 2 Is this the factory computers are built A that B which C in which D in that 3 please pass me the dictionary cover is red A whose B its C which D which of 4 The man has arrived 精品文档 5欢迎下载 A whom I told you B that I told you C whom I told you about him D I told you about 5 Do you know the comrade we are talking A to whom B to who C whom D to that 6 They visited the house the great writer was born A from where B in which C which D in where 7 The comrade is speaking at the meeting is my teacher A whom B which C who D whose 8 He asked us to watch carefully everything he did in class A who B that C what D where 9 I ll visit the professor tomorrow he will be back from Shanghai A who B that C when D which 10 The school I study is a new one A on which B at where C on that D at which 11 China has many islands the largest is Taiwan A in which B at which C which D of which 12 The city my mother grew up is not far from here A what B where C that D which 13 Our teacher lives in the house door faces to the north A which B his C that D whose 14 Do you know the man your father nodded A whom B to whom C to who D about whom 15 Wrestling is a sport in people easily get hurt A that B when C which D what 16 I told you I know A all that B all which C all what D all whom 17 China has a lot of famous writers one is Lu Xun A of which B of whom C of who D of them 18 Is this factory we visited last year A in which B around that C whom D the one 19 Who is the man was there A who B which C that D whom 20 Is there anything I can do for you sir A that B which C whose D who 21 I still remember the day she first wore that green dress A which B in which C on that D on which 22 The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp A with which B with it C with that D which 23 The games the young men competed in were difficult A in which B which C it D who 24 It rained hard yesterday prevented me from going to the park A that B which C as D it 25 George Mallory was an English school teacher loved climbing A who B whom C he D which 26 His parents wouldn t let him marry anyone family was poor A of whom B whom C of whose D whose 27 She heard a terrible noise brought her heart into her mouth 精品文档 6欢迎下载 A it B which C this D that 28 In the dark street there wasn t a single person she could turn for help A that B who C from whom D to whom 29 The weather turned out to be very good was more than we could expect A what B which C that D it 30 After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child A which B where C that D when 31 Carol said the work would be done by October personally I doubt very much A it B that C when D which 32 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play of course made the others unhappy A who B which C this D what 33 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase was very reasonable A which price C the price of which C its price D the price of whose 34 has already been pointed out grammar is not a set of dead rules A As B It C That D Which 35 He lived in London for 3 months during time he learned some English A this B which C that D same 36 On the wall hung a picture color is blue A whose B of which C which D its 37 Whenever I met him was fairly often I like his sweet and hopeful smile A what B which C that D when 38 The visitor asked the guide to take his picture stands the famous tower A that B where C which D there 39 The boss department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women A in which B in that C in whose D whose 40 I don t like you speak to her A the way B the way in that C the way which D the way of which 41 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through A It s the reason B That s why C There s why D It s how 42 He made another wonderful discovery of great importance to science A which I think is B which I think it is C which I think it D I think which is 43 He was very rude to the customs officer of course made things even worse A who B whom C what D whcih 44 There are three bedrooms in the house is Mary s A the smallest of which B the smaller of which C the smallest of them D the smallest one 45 The Greens will move into the new house next Monday it will be completely finished A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time 46 Alice has a large collection of phone was taken in london 精品文档 7欢迎下载 A none of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 47 With the fast development of agriculture the people village I taught before lived a happy life A who B whose C in whose D in which 48 There is a moutain the top is always covered with snow A whose B of which C it s D that 49 She may have missed her train in case she won t arrive for another hour A what B that C which D this 50 There are two thousand students in our school are girls A two thirds in which B two thirds in them C two thirds of them D of whom two thirds 二 1 The place interested me most was the Children s Palace A Which B where C what D in which 2 Do you know the man A whom I spoke B to who spoke C I spoke to D that I spoke 3 This is the hotel last month A which they stayed B at that they stayed C where they stayed at D where they stayed 4 Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded A which B that C when D on which 5 That is the day I ll never forget A which B on which C in which D when 6 The factory we ll visit next week is not far from here A where B to which C which D in which 7 Great changes have taken place in the factory we are working since then A where B that C which D there 8 This is one of the best films A that have been shown this year B that have shown C that has been shown this year D that you talked 9 Can you lend me the book the other day A about which you talked B which you talked C about that you talked D that you talked 10 The pen he is writing is mine A with which B in which C on which D by which 11 They arrived at a farmhouse in front of sat a small boy A whom B who C which D that 12 The engineer my father works is about 50 years old A to whom B on whom C with which D with whom 13 It there anyone in your class family is in the country A who B who s C which D whose 14 I m interested in you have said A all that B all what C that D which 15 I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday A which B who C what D as 16 He isn t such a man he used to be A who B whom C that D as 精品文档 8欢迎下载 17 He is good at English we all know A that B as C whom D what 18 Li Ming to the concert enjoyed it very much A I went with B with whom I went C with who I went D I went with him 19 I don t like as you read A the novels B the such novels C such novels D same novels 20 He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school A which B that C whom D what 21 The letter is from my sister is working in Beijing A which B that C whom D who 22 In our factory there are 2 000 workers two thirds of are women A them B which C whom D who 23 You re the only person I ve ever met could do it A who B whom C whom D who 24 I lost a book I can t remember now A whose title B its title C the title of it D the title of that 25 Last summer we visited the West Lake Hangzhou is famous in the world A for which B for that C in which D what 26 I have bought such a watch was advertised on TV A that B which C as D it 27 I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together A when which B which when C what that D on which when 28 The way he looks at problems is wrong A which B whose C what D 29 This is the reason he didn t come to the meeting A in which B with which C that D for which 30 This machine for many years is still working perfectly A after which I have looked B which I have looked after C that I have looked after D I have looked after 31 The reason he didn t come was he was ill A why that B that why C for that hat D for which what 32 He is working hard will make him pass the final exam A that B which C for which D who 33 That is not the way I do it A B which C for which D with which 34 I have two grammars are of great use A all of which B either of which C both of that D both of which 35 I want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago A as was B which was C as were D which 精品文档 9欢迎下载 36 My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble was very kind of them A who B which C that D it 37 This is the magazine I copied the paragraph A that B which C from that D from which 38 He is not such a man would leave his work half done A that B which C who D as 39 You can depend on whatever promise he makes A B why C when D whose 40 Smoking is a bad habit is however popular A that B which C it D though 41 Did you ask the guard happened Yes he told me all he knew A what that B what what C which which D that that 42 I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with the farmers has a great effect on my life A when who B that which C which that D when which 43 The number of the people who cars increasing A owns are B owns is C own is D own are 44 During the days he worked as a servant at the Browns A followed B following C to follow D that followed 45 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn A that B C which D it 46 The clever boy made a hole in the wall he could see was going on inside house A which what B through which what C through that what D what that 47 Is some German friends visited last week A this school B this the school C this school one D this school where 48 John got beaten in the game had been expected A as B that C what D who 49 I have bought two ballpens writes well A none of them B neither of them C neither of which D none of which 50 All that can be eaten eaten up A are being B has been C had been D have been 三 1 Nearly all the streets are in straight lines from east to west Those run from north to south are called avenues A running that B run who C running who D run that 2 This is the case he s had all his money stolen A when B where C that D on which 3 Mr Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008 A where B when C which D how 4 The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything 精品文档 10欢迎下载 A that the little girl asks him B the little girl asks him to C for the little girl to ask him D what the little girl asks him 5 How did you get in touch with the travel agent Robin Oh that s easy I surfed the Internet and then called one the telephone number is provided A which B in which C of which D whose 6 October 15 th is my birthday I will never forget A when B that C what D which 7 The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point he can walk correctly and safely A when B where C which D whose 8 There are several research centers in China a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied A which B where C when D what 9 I hope that the little I have been able to do does good to them all A which B what C that D when 10 The time is not far away modern communications will become widespread in China s vast countryside A as B when C until D before 11 is known to everybody Taiwan is a part of China We must unify it A It B As C Which D What 12 I shall never forget the day Shen Zhou V was launched has a great effect on my life A when which B that which C which that D when that 13 The bread my wife makes is much better than you can buy at a store A that which B one that C that of which D this of which 14 There is no such place you dream of in all this world A that B what C which D as 15 The people had been damaged by the flood were given help by the Red Cross A all whose homes B all of whose homes C all their homes D all of their homes 16 The humans are destroying nature day by day of course will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later A who B when C on which D which 17 Is this research center you visited the modern equipment last year A where B that C the one that D the one where 18 Some pictures of the river brought the days ba