中考考点---时态和语态.docx

中考考点分析时态和语态题型年份20162015201420132012单项选择28，31，3324,31,3224,31，3324,27，2824,30，32词语运用7066667368,73分值44445一、动词的时态1.现在进行时（1） 现在进行时的构成现在进行时的构成为：主语+be(amisare)+动词的现在分词。动词的现在分词和动名词的变化规则如下表：构成方法例词一般在词尾加ingwork-working；study-studying以不发音的e结尾的动词，需要去掉e后再加ingcome-coming；take-taking以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ingstop-stopping；swim-swimming少数几个以ie结尾的单音节动词，须变ie为y后，再加ingdie-dying；tie-tying；lie-lying（2）现在进行时的用法表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如： What are you doing? 你在干什么? Im reading English.我在读英语。表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。如：They are studying hard this term.他们这个学期学习一直很努力。现在进行时构成口诀:主语在句首，am，is，are跟在后，现在分词跟着走，其他成分不可丢。表示动作正进行，句中now时间定。一般问句，把be提到主语前去。否定句式也简单，be后只把not添。1.Dont disturb Allen now.He _ for the Spelling Bee competition. A.prepares B.prepared C.is preparing D.will prepare 2.Be quiet! The students _ a physics test in the next room.A.had B.have had C.were having D.are having3.Alan,its late.Why not go to bed? Jenny hasnt come back yet.I_for her.A.waited B.have waitedC.am waiting D.was waiting2.一般现在时（1）一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数则在动词原形后加s或es。动词第三人称单数的构成方式如下：构成方法例词一般在词尾加swork-works；spend-spends在以s，z，ch，sh，x等字母结尾的动词之后加espass-passes；wash-washes;teach-teaches；mix-mixes不发音e结尾的动词只在e后加swrite-writes;ride-rides以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加esstudy-studies；try-tries以o结尾的动词，在词尾加esdo-does；go-goes（2）一般现在时的用法表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与often，always，usually，sometimes，once a week，every day等表示频率的副词或时间状语连用。如：I often go to school by bike.我经常骑车去上学。表示客观事实或普遍真理。如： The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。在时间、条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：If it rains tomorrow，we wont go to the park.如果明天下雨，我们将不去公园。When I grow up，I will go to America.当我长大后，我将去美国。一般现在时用法口诀用好一般现在时，时间状语需牢记。基本用法要记清，动作习惯经常性。客观真理和能力，有时还表将来时。谓语若为行为动，形式要由主语定：主语人称是三单，动词要把-s-es添。句中若把助词用，谓语动词用原形。4.If Nancy_ the exam,she will go to Australia for English study.A.pas s B. passedC.passes D.will pass5.I dont know if Mr.Li_to the party this evening.I think he will come if he_free.A.will come; isB.will come; will beC.comes; isD.comes; will be6.The Greens will visit Hainan as soon as they_to China.A.comes B.come C.came D.will come3.一般过去时（1）一般过去时的构成一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，即：主语+动词的过去式。动词过去式和过去分词的变化分为规则和不规则两种。下表是动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则：构成方法例词一般动词后加edwork-worked；walk-walked词尾为e的单词，直接加darrive-arrived；love-loved辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i，再加edstudy-studied；worry-worried重读闭音节，且只有一个辅音字母结尾的单词，双写辅音字母再加edstop-stopped；drop-dropped（2）一般过去时的用法表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与last night，yesterday，last week，some years ago，in 1995，in the past，the other day，at that time,just now等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：I got up at six this morning.今天早上我6点起床。表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如： When I was in the countryside，I often swam in the river.我在乡下时，常常在河里游泳。 用于since引导的从句。主句的谓语动词如果用现在完成时，since引导的从句要用一般过去时。如：He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990.自从1990年这家工厂开办以来，他就在这里工作。You havent changed much since we last met.自从我上一次见到你以来，你没有大的变化。一般过去时用法口诀动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。句中谓语用过去式，过去时间作标记。否定句，很简单，主语之后didnt添。疑问构成也有法，主语前面did加。还有一点不能忘，后面的动词要还原。 7.Our math teacher_in our school for 20 years and he_here when he was 23 years old.A.has taught;has comeB.taught;comesC.taught;cameD.has taught;came8.You have found your lost umbrella, havent you?Yes.I_it behind the door this afternoon.A.have found B.will findC.found D.find4.一般将来时（1）一般将来时的构成一般将来时通常用“主语+willbe going to+动词原形”来表示，有些动词可以用“主语+be doing”形式来表示。（2）一般将来时的用法 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow，next week，in a few days，next Sunday等表示将来的时间状语连用。如：Will you be back in two days? 你将在两天后回来吗? 当主语是I或we时，问句中一般使用shall表示征求对方意见。如：Where shall we meet tomorrow? 明天我们在哪里会面?be going to+动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，常指已经决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如：What are you going to do next Sunday? 下周日你打算干什么?be doing有时表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。常用这种结构的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，begin等。如：She is going there tomorrow.她明天要去那里。一般将来时用法口诀一般将来时，将要发生事。谓语不一般，will加动原(动词原形)。要变疑问句，will放在主语前。否定句，也不难，will后面把not添。 9.With the development of science and technology, robot cooks_in our families in the future.A.appear B.appeared C.will appear D.were appearing10.Have you returned the book to the library yet?Not yet. Dont worry.I _it soon.A.return B.returned C.have returned D.will return11.Lets go fishing if it_this weekend.But nobody knows if it_.A.is fine;will rain B.will be fine;rains C.will be fine;will rain D.is fine;rains5.过去进行时（1）过去进行时的构成过去进行时的构成为：主语+be(waswere)+动词的现在分词。（2）过去进行时的用法表示在过去的某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与this time yesterday，at that time，then，at 9：00 last Sunday morning，all night等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：What were you doing this time yesterday? 昨天的这个时候你在做什么? I was watching TV我在看电视。表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个过去的动作正在进行。过去进行时也可用来表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作。如：When I was watering the garden，it began to rain当我在花园浇水时，突然下雨了。While we were having a party，the lights went out当我们正举行聚会时，灯突然灭了。表示两个过去的动作同时进行，这时可用连接词while连接。如：I was writing while my mother was cooking我在写作时，我妈妈在煮饭。George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio乔治在读书，而他妻子在听收音机。“was going+动词不定式”表示过去打算做某事。如：He was going to be our team leader他原打算当我们的队长。12.I didnt see you at the beginning of the party last night.I _ on my biology report at that time.A.worked B.work C.was working D.am working13.Why didnt you go to the cinema with us this afternoon?I _ at the station for my uncle from Beijing.A.was waitingB.have waitedC.am waitingD.will wait14.Jenny _ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon.A.is cooking B.was cookingC.cooks D.cooked6.现在完成时（1）现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成为：主语+havehas+动词的过去分词。否定句应在havehas后加not变为haventhasnt；疑问句应将havehas放到句子主语之前。（2）现在完成时的用法表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的时间状语有：already，yet，ever，never，just等。其中already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可放在句末；yet常放在句末，在疑问句中表示“已经”，在否定句中表示“还”。如： I have already watched the TV play.我已经看过这部电视剧了。Have you found your lost pen yet? 你找到丢失的笔了吗? No，I havent found it yet.不，我还没有找到。表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常与for或since短语连用，表示持续的动作或状态必须要用延续性动词。如：We have lived here since 2000.从2000年开始我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里，也许还会住下去)I have learnt English for three years.我学英语3年了。注意：for后接时间段，since后接表示过去的时间点或时间状语从句。对时间状语提问时，用how long。如：Ive known Li Lei for five years.=Ive known Li Lei since five years ago.我认识李磊已经5年了。现在完成时用法口诀学习现在完成时，谓语结构要特记：“havehas+过去分词”。主要用法有两个：过去的动作，对现在的影响和结果，just，already常用着；过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，for，since把时间带。15.School violence (暴力) _much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.A.drew B.will drawC.has drawn D.was drawing16.Lei Feng _ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us. A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead17.What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson?Pretty good.I think he _ a great job so far.A.does B. didC.has done D.was done二、动词语态1动词语态的分类英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English there.那儿很多人说英语。(2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)2被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的四种时态的被动结构如下：一般现在时：am/is/aredoneThis kind of car is made in China.这种车是中国制造的。一般过去时：was/weredoneThe flying disk was invented by college students.这种飞碟游戏是大学生们发明的。一般将来时：will/shallbedoneThe bridge will be finished in a month.这座桥将在一个月内竣工。情态动词：情态动词bedoneTables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。3.主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)图示(2)口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动(3)变换步骤：将主动句的宾语变为主语。注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed himHe was killed by Tom.汤姆杀了他。将动词改为“be过去分词”。注意：be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：They held a meeting yesterday.A meeting was_held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了 。将主动语态的主语改为by放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：He sang a song.A song was sung by_him他唱了一首歌。4常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构(1)含有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。如：Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告诉了我们真相。(2)主动语态中有些感官动词(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.sb. be heard(seen) to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom by us.我们听见那女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。(3)主动语态中有些使役动词(如：make，let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原。即：make sb.do sth.sb. be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老师让他的学生每天做很多家庭作业。5不能使用被动结构的情况(1)连系动词，如：look，feel，smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。(2)有些动词的主动形式表被动含义，如：need doing(需要做某事)，be worth doing(值得做某事)等。如：Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的卧室太乱了，需要马上清理一下。(3)表示“发生”的happen或take place，无被动结构。如：The story happened on a cold night.故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。18.Chinese _ by more and more people from all over the world today.AlearnBlearnedCis learned19.Every year，more than 70 000 000 sharks _ for their fins(鱼翅)Awere killed Bhave killed Care killed20.When I called the bus service，I _ that there was no more bus.Awas telling Bwas told Chas told21.A new club _ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.Ais started Bhas started Cwas started课后巩固：1.Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain, but all the happiness happens while you _ it.A.climb B.climbed C.are climbing D.have climbed2.Please dont make so much noise.The baby _ now.A.sleep s B. slept C.will sleep D.is 3.I dont know if it _tomorrow.Well, if it _, the school sports meet will be canceled A.will rain; will rain B.rains; will rain C.will rain; rains D.rains; rains4.What a nice watch!How long _ you _ it?For just two weeks.A.will; buy B.have; had C.were; having D.did; buy5.How do you like Treasure Island，Lucy？Its so exciting that I _ it twice.A.am reading B.have read C.was reading D.had read6.William Shakespeare _ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today.A.died B.was dying C.has died D.has been dead7.This museum _ here for over 80 years.It _ one of the oldest buildings in this city.A.is; was B. had been; is C.was; has been D.has been; is8.Cathy, can you answer the door? I _ the room. Im coming, mum.A.Clean B.cleaned C.have cleaned D.am cleaning9.You look worried.Whats wrong?I went for a job interview yesterday and I_the result.A.waited forB.was waiting forC.am waiting forD.will wait for10.Someone _ at the door.Can you open it? A.knocks B. knocked C.is knocking D.was knocking 11.Look,so many passengers _with their smart phones on the undergrou