湖大考研暖通英语ppt课件.ppt

ProfessionalEnglishforBuiltEnvironmentandServiceEngineering Lecturers ZhouJinTel O 202Mobile Email zhoujin y ReviewSalvationLieswithin 得救之道 就在其中 考试题型一 专业词汇翻译 英译汉 每题3分 共15分 二 单句翻译 英译汉 每题6分 共30分 三 单句翻译 汉译英 每题5分 共15分 四 段落翻译 共40分 考试成绩占70 平时成绩占30 练习 英译汉Applyingthemeasuredglobalanddiffusesolarradiationdatafrom78meteorologicalstationsinChina acountrywidegeneralcorrelationmodelforcalculatingthedailydiffuseradiationwasderivedonthebasisofLiuandJordanmethod Twowidelyusedstatistics rootmeansquareerrorandmeanbiaserrorwereusedtoassesstheperformanceofthecorrelation Andthecorrelationshowsgoodbehaviorwhenappliedtomostofthestations Subsequently withthemeasureddatafromthe78stations ananalysisofgeographicaldistributionofsolarenergyresourceinChinawasalsopresentedintheformofclearnessindex theratioofglobalsolarradiationtoextraterrestrialradiation percentagefrequency andresultsshowthatthesolarenergyresourceinwesternandnorthernChinaisrelativelyabundant 练习 英译汉Applyingthedailyglobalsolarradiationdatameasuredatleast10years thetypicalsolarradiationyearfor30meteorologicalstationsinChinaisgeneratedusingtheFinkelstein Schaferstatisticalmethod Basedonthetypicalsolarradiationdataobtained thegeographicaldifferenceofsolarenergyresourceofthese30stationswasalsoanalyzed TheresultsinthispaperwillfillthisgapthatcompleteanddetailedtypicalsolarradiationdataarenotavailableforChina andwillbeusefultothedesignersofsolarenergyconversionandutilizationdevices 练习 英译汉1 HVACsystemsandtheassociateddistributionsystemsoftenoccupyasignificantamountofspace Majorcomponentsmayalsorequirespecialsupportfromthestructure Thesizeandappearanceofterminaldevices i e diffusers fan coilunits radiantpanels etc haveanaffectonthearchitecturaldesignbecausetheyarevisibleintheoccupiedspace 2 Thedesignengineerisresponsibleforconsideringvarioussystemsandrecommendingoneortwothatwillsatisfythegoalandperformasdesired Itisimperativethatthedesignengineerandtheownercollaborateonidentifyingandratingthecriteriaassociatedwiththedesigngoal UnitOne HVACRandInternetheating采暖供热ventilation通风airconditioning空气调节refrigeration制冷HVACR暖通空调制冷technicalsophistication技术精通entrepreneur企业家proprietarytechnology专利技术highlyeducated受过良好教育的Internet savvy熟悉网络的Plumbing Drainage给水 排水distanceeducation远程教育searchingliterature文献查询web enabled具有网络功能的civilbuilding民用建筑industrialbuilding工业建筑residentialbuilding居住建筑publicbuilding公共建筑commercialbuilding商业建筑sizingHVACcomponents确定空调系统部件容量大小 UnitTwo SustainableBuiltEnvironmentbuiltenvironment建筑环境sustainability可持续性sustainabledevelopment可持续发展sustainableapproach可持续性方法integratedapproach集成化方法theory practice理论与实践lifecycleanalyses寿命周期分析thermalcomfort热舒适visualcomfort视觉舒适acousticcomfort声觉舒适indoorairquality室内空气品质professionalareas专业领域decision making决策resourceconsumption资源消耗globalenergyconsumption全球能耗environmentalimpact环境影响greenhousegasemissions温室气体排放sickbuildingsymptoms病态建筑综合症financialgains经济效益costbenefitanalyses成本收益分析interdisciplinary跨学科的promotionalmaterial促销材料academicresearch学术研究dynamiccharacteristic动态特性apartment公寓dweller居住者Buildingstructure建筑结构 UnitThree IndoorAirQualityIndoorAirQuality IAQ 室内空气品质interdisciplinary跨学科的concentration浓度EnvironmentalSustainableDevelopment环境可持续发展pollutants污染物occupant居住者 室内人员receptor受体indoorairpollutants室内空气污染物PM ParticulateMatter 颗粒物VOC VolatileOrganicCompounds 挥发性有机化合物ETS environmentaltobaccosmoke 吸烟引起的烟物pollutantdistributions污染物分布controlstrategies控制策略localexhaust局部通风residentiallife日常生活deterministicmodel确定性模型stochasticmodels随机模型massbalanceequations质量平衡方程empiricalmodel经验模型reductionismapproach简化法expansionismapproach拓展法sampling抽样 取样environmentalecosystem环境生态系统inhalation吸入geneticsusceptibility遗传易感性 UnitFour EnergyUtilizationandConservationinBuildingsEnergyUtilizationandConservation能源利用与节约nonrenewableenergy不可再生能源renewableenergy可再生能源solarenergy太阳能hydropower水力发出的电力geothermalenergy地热能electricalpower电能steamturbine蒸汽轮机mechanicalpower机械能energyefficientsystem高能效系统costeffectiveness成本效率chilledwater冷冻水condenserwater冷却水groundsourceheatpumps地源热泵geothermalenergy地热能buildingenergyconsumption建筑能耗biomassenergy生物质能First Second LawofThermodynamics热力学第一 二 定律hydrodynamics流体力学thermodynamics热力学thermocouple热电偶platinumresistance铂电阻powerplant电厂CCHP CombinedCoolingHeatingPower System热电冷三联供系统heatgains得热量heatlosses热量损失energyefficientsystem节能系统existingbuilding既有建筑 UnitFour EnergyUtilizationandConservationinBuildingsEnergyUtilizationandConservation能源利用与节约nonrenewableenergy不可再生能源renewableenergy可再生能源secondaryequipment二次设备primaryequipment初级设备conditionedspaces空调区centralplant中央机组solareffects太阳辐射的影响internalgains室内得热heatstorage蓄热interior内部结构buildingenvelope建筑物围护结构infiltration 风 渗透pipinglossesorgains管路热损失或得热hour by hoursimulation逐时模拟part loadcharacteristics部分负荷性能energyaudit能源审计chiller冷水机组capacity容量variable speeddrivers变速驱动器chilledwater冷冻水condenserwater冷却水coolingtower冷却塔watertreatment水处理hardwater硬水feedwatersystems补水系统SEER SeasonalEnergyEfficiencyRatio季节能效比HSPF HeatingSeasonalPerformanceFactor制热季节性能系数 UnitFive HeatTransferheattransferequipment传热设备heatexchanger热交换器boiler锅炉condenser冷凝器radiator散热器refrigerator冰箱solarcollector太阳能集热器heattransferrate传热 速 率temperaturedifference温差factorofsafety安全系数experimentalerror实验误差operatingcondition运行条件heattransfercoefficient传热系数conduction传导convection对流radiation辐射sensibleHeat显热latentheat潜热zeroenergybuilding零能耗建筑lowenergybuilding低能耗建筑sizingproblem容量选择的问题differentialequation微分方程variable变量derivative导数declineinperformance性能的降低plateheatexchanger板式换热器shellandtubeheatexchanger壳管式换热器finnedtubeheatexchanger翅片管式换热器 UnitSix TurbulenceandComplexFlowfluiddynamics fluidmechanics hydrodynamics流体力学turbulentflow turbulence紊流湍流laminarflow层流DirectNumericalSimulation DNS 直接模拟法LargeEddySimulation lES 大涡模拟Reynolds averagedNavier Stokes RANS 雷诺时均方程法Reynoldsnumber雷诺数dissipation耗散viscousstress粘性力shearstress剪切力thermalanemometry热线风速仪coherentstructure拟序结构laserDopplerVelocimetry激光多普勒测速仪two phaseflow两相流multiphaseflow多相流continuummodel连续型模型dispersedphases离散相 分散相particleimagevelocimetry PIV 粒子图像测速 技术 flowvisualization流动可视化momentum动量sub gridscale次网格尺度 范围 phrasechange相变boundaryconditions边界条件flowfield流动区域coordinateframe坐标系Galileantransformation伽利略变换 UnitSix TurbulenceandComplexFlowvectorfield向量场frame independent不依靠坐标系的Vorticity涡量fine scaleeffects微尺度效应roughness粗糙 度 deformation变形shearingstress切应力pressuresurge压力突然升高waterhammer水锤现象 UnitSeven RefrigerationandRefrigerantsvectorfield向量场frame independent不依靠坐标系的refrigeration制冷refrigerationsystem制冷系统refrigerant制冷剂coolingmedium冷却介质vaporcompressionsystem蒸气压缩式系统absorptionsystem吸收式系统absorbent吸收剂gasexpansionsystem气体膨胀式系统brine盐水ozonedepletionpotential ODP 臭氧消耗潜能globalwarmingpotential GWP 全球变暖潜能hydrocarbon碳氢化合物halocarbon卤代烃phaseout逐步停用或淘汰alternative替代物Hydrofluorocarbons HFCs 氢氟烃Hydrochlorofluorocarbons HCFCs 氢氯氟烃Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs 氯氟烃Bromofluorocarbons BFCs Halons溴氟烃HC Hydrocarbon 碳氢FC Fluorocarbon 氟烃azeotropic共沸的nonazeotropic非共沸的 UnitSeven RefrigerationandRefrigerantsvectorfield向量场frame independent不依靠坐标系的Four wayReversingValve四通换向阀lithiumbromide溴化锂Ammonia氨coolingeffect冷却作用heatsource热源heatsink热汇coolingmedium冷却介质throttle节流节流阀expansionvalve膨胀阀capillary毛细管absorbent吸收剂solution溶液direct firedgasfurnace直燃式燃气炉wasteheat废热concentration浓度volumetriccomposition体积构成saturationtemperature饱和温度leak泄漏charge充注dewpoint露点 温度 bubblepoint泡点 温度 glide滑移 温度 Phaseout逐步淘汰centrifugalchillers离心式冷水机ReciprocationCompressor往复式压缩机RotaryCompressor转子压缩机ScrewCompressor螺杆式压缩机ScrollCompressor涡旋式压缩机CentrifugalCompressor离心压缩机mineraloil矿物油 UnitEight Boilerfeedwater补水bituminouscoal烟煤naturalgas天然气lignite褐煤anthracitecoal无烟煤peat泥煤byproduct副产品blast furnacegas高炉煤气carbonmonoxide一氧化碳operatingcost运行费用fixedcharge固定支出draftloss通风热损失sootblower吹灰器economizer省煤器airpreheater空气预热器chimneystack烟囱watertubeboiler水管锅炉firetubeboiler火管锅炉steamengine蒸汽机steamturbine蒸汽轮机蒸汽透平pressure reducingstation减压站auxiliary辅助设备辅助的operatingpersonnel操作人员costoflabor人工费用firstcostcharge初投资initialcost初投资long termsaving长期收益wastefuel废弃燃料saturatedsteam饱和蒸汽superheatedsteam unsaturatedsteam UnitNine HeatPumpsheatpump热泵reversingvalve四通换向阀heatingcycle制热循环coolingcycle制冷循环indoorcoil室内盘管outdoorcoil室外盘管frost霜结霜defrost除霜energyefficiencyratio EER 能效比coefficientofperformance COP 性能系数heatingseasonalperformancefactor HSPF 制热季节性能系数seasonalenergyefficiencyratio SEER 制冷 季节能效比ambienttemperatures室外气温air sourceheatpump空气源热泵water sourceheatpump水源热泵ground waterheatpump地下水源热泵geothermalclosed loopheatpump闭环地源 或土壤源 热泵 UnitTen ComfortHeatingfiretubeboilers火管锅炉hydronicheating循环供暖secondaryheatexchanger二次换热器insulatingeffect绝热效应firebox燃烧室alternateenergysources替代能源cloudcover云量shorterwavelength短波longerwavelength长波absorberplate吸收板antifreeze防冻剂pressurestoragetank储压罐reliefvalve排气阀fiberglass玻璃纤维centrifugalpump离心泵checkvalve逆止阀thermostat温控器auxiliaryheater辅助加热器controlpanel控制台 面板 greenhouse温室ASME AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers 美国机械工程师协会 UnitEleven Ventilationventilationsystem通风系统emissionsources排放源污染源generalexhaustventilation全面通风dilutionventilation稀释通风localexhaustventilation局部通风numberofairchanges换气次数mixingefficiency混合效率hood排风罩contaminant污染物make upair补充空气aircleaner空气处理器stacks烟囱staticpressure静压velocitypressure动压axialflowfan轴流风机centrifugalfan离心风机entrylosses入口损失frictionlosses摩擦损失precipitator除尘器cyclone旋风除尘器negativepressure负压positivepressure正压air handlingsystem AHU 空气处理系统ventilationcriteria通风标准 通风准则 UnitTwelve AirConditioningSystemsairconditioningsystem空气调节系统humidify加湿dehumidify除湿filter过滤过滤器central stationsystem集中式系统unitarysystem单元式系统mechanicalroom机房radiant heatsystems辐射采暖系统blower送风机facevelocity迎面风速facearea迎风面积mixingplenum混合箱damper闸板directexpansion DX 直接膨胀vibrationdamper减震器acousticlining隔音层acousticboard隔音板grilles格栅register送风口thefan coilunitsystem风机盘管系统hydraulicsystem水力系统four pipetype四管制two pipetype两管制diffuser散流器terminaldevice末端设备all airsystem全空气系统 UnitThirteen MeasurementErrorsandAccuracyuncertainty不确定性measurementerror测量误差truevalue真值measuredvalue测量值recordingerrors记录误差systematicorfixederrors系统误差accidentalorrandomerrors随机误差measurementsystem测量系统meanvalue平均值frequencydistribution频率分布probabilitydensityfunction概率密度函数distributionfunction分布函数discreteprobabilitydistribution离散型概率分布continuousprobabilitydensities连续型概率密度conditionalprobability条件概率LawofLargeNumbers大数定律CentralLimitTheorem中心极限定律 UnitFo