计算机导论复习ppt课件.ppt

计算机导论考前辅导 助教刘阳 学习方法 应试方法 认真对待作业题 作业题就是考试题老师上课讲的内容就是考试内容 不必死扣书本 考试不交白卷 越不会越多写 相关公式 概念 自己的想法 大学考试考的是记忆力 请珍惜自己的大脑神通广大的打印店 复习资料 历年试卷 Chapter1 Introduction ComputerIsaprogrammabledataprocessorthatacceptsinputdataandprogramsandoutputsdata ComputerSystemSolveproblemsandinteractwiththeirenvironment TheyconsistofDevices programs anddata ProgramIsasetofinstructionsexecutedsequentiallythattellsthecomputerwhattodowithdata Chapter1 Introduction VonNeumannModelFourSubsystemsMemory 内存 ArithmeticLogicUnit ALU 算术逻辑单元 ControlUnit 控制器 Input Output 输入 输出设备 StoredProgramConceptSequentialExecutionOfInstructions Chapter2 DataRepresentation DataTypesText ByteNumber ASCIIImage Bitmap Vector Pixel ResolutionAudio Digital AnalogVideo Frame Chapter2 DataRepresentation TextBit 位 Abit binarydigit isthesmallestunitofdatathatcanbestoredinacomputer itiseither0or1 BitPattern 位组合格式 Abitpatternisasequence orasitissometimescalled astringofbitsthatcanrepresentasymbol Byte 字节 Abitpatternoflength8iscalledabyte Chapter2 DataRepresentation NumberASCIIAmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange ASCII 美国信息交换标准代码 Thiscodeuses7bitsforeachsymbol Thismeans128differentsymbolscanbedefinedbythiscode Chapter2 DataRepresentation ImageBitmapGraphicPixel PictureelementsResolution Thesizeofthepixel Chapter2 DataRepresentation ImageVectorGraphicAnimageisdecomposedintoacombinationofcurvesandlines Eachcurveorlineisrepresentedbyamathematicalformula Chapter3 NumberRepresentation ConceptsDecimalsystem 十进制 basedon10 0 9 Binarysystem 二进制 basedon2 0 1 Octalnotation 八进制 basedon8 0 7 Hexadecimalnotation 十六进制 basedon16 0 9 A F Chapter3 NumberRepresentation ConversionDecimalBinaryHexadecimalnotationOctalnotation Chapter3 NumberRepresentation IntegerRepresentationUnsignedInteger 无符号整数 Overflow 溢出 Sign and MagnitudeFormat 原码 0 00000000 0 10000000 Range 0 2N 1 Range 2N 1 1 2N 1 1 Chapter3 NumberRepresentation IntegerRepresentationOne sComplementFormat 反码 0 00000000 0 11111111Two sComplementFormat 补码 Range 2N 1 2N 1 1 Range 2N 1 1 2N 1 1 Chapter3 NumberRepresentation ExcessSystemMagicNumberIsnormally 2N 1 or 2N 1 1 whereNisthebitallocation Example Represent 25inExcess 127usingan8 bitallocation 25 127 102 0 Chapter3 NumberRepresentation Floating PointRepresentation1 Converttheintegerparttobinary 2 Convertthefractiontobinary 3 Putadecimalpointbetweenthetwoparts Example Transformthefraction0 875tobinary 0 875 1 750 1 5 1 0 0 00 111 Chapter3 NumberRepresentation NormalizationExample Showtherepresentationofthenormalizednumber 26x1 6 127 133 0100001010Signexponentmantissa Chapter4 OperationsonBits ArithmeticOperationsExample1 Solution Addtwonumbersintwo scomplementrepresentation 24 17 7 Carry1111100011000 11101111 Result00000111 7 Chapter4 OperationsonBits ArithmeticOperationsExample2 Solution Addtwonumbersintwo scomplementrepresentation 127 3 130 Carry111111101111111 00000011 Result10000010 126 Error Anoverflowhasoccurred Chapter4 OperationsonBits ArithmeticOperationsExample3 Solution Subtract62from101intwo scomplement 101 62 101 62 Carry1101100101 11000010 Result00100111 39Theleftmostcarryisdiscarded Chapter4 OperationsonBits LogicalOperations Chapter4 OperationsonBits LogicalOperationsExample1 Solution UsetheNOToperatoronthebitpattern10011000 Target10011000NOT Result01100111 Chapter4 OperationsonBits LogicalOperationsExample2 Solution UsetheANDoperatoronbitpatterns10011000and00110101 Target10011000AND00110101 Result00010000 Chapter4 OperationsonBits LogicalOperationsExample3 Solution UsetheORoperatoronbitpatterns10011000and00110101 Target10011000OR00110101 Result10111101 Chapter4 OperationsonBits LogicalOperationsExample4 Solution UsetheXORoperatoronbitpatterns10011000and00110101 Target10011000XOR00110101 Result10101101 Chapter4 OperationsonBits LogicalOperationsExample5 Solution Useamasktounset clear the5leftmostbitsofapattern Testthemaskwiththepattern10100110 Themaskis Target10100110ANDMask00000111 Result00000110 Chapter4 OperationsonBits ShiftOperationsShiftoperationscanonlybeusedwhenapatternrepresentsanunsignednumber 左移 2右移 2 Chapter5 ComputerOrganization MainMemory KBKilobyte 千字节 1024字节MBMegabyte 兆字节GBGigabyte 十亿字节TBTerabyte 1000吉 千兆 字节 GB 兆兆位 Chapter5 ComputerOrganization MainMemoryExample Solution Acomputerhas32MB megabytes ofmemory Howmanybitsareneededtoaddressanysinglebyteinmemory Thememoryaddressspaceis32MB or225 25x220 Thismeansyouneedlog2225or25bits toaddresseachbyte Sign and magnitude one scomplementandtwo scomplement32 bitIEEEformat 可能的未来 学神个数 1 2个成绩 1 120名之间特点 专业技能极强 精通各种编程语言参加过ACM竞赛 机器人大赛 数学建模大赛等取得好成绩毕业去向 知名IT企业 谷歌中国 阿里巴巴等 年薪30w 50w保送国内名校 可能的未来 学霸个数 20个左