高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解基础题选编1.doc

贵州凤冈县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础题选编【健康环保类阅读理解】（2015模拟题）Monty Hempel is a professor of environmental sciences at Redlands University in California.He studies ecological literacyor ecoliteracy，for short.Ecoliteracy is the ability to think about and understand the natural processes that make life possible.Monty Hempel says ecoliteracy gives people knowledge about environmental problems.But he says it does not always work to get them to change their behavior.Mr.Hempel wrote part of the Worldwatch Institutes latest State of the World report.He says in his article，“Some people think that ecoliteracy is just a green form of science literacy.And what I have tried to ask is whether thats enough.In other words，what an ecologicallyliterate person needs to know might include things like the cycles and the flows，the energy systems，all of those kind of things that we would call the science of ecology.”“That doesnt seem to lead to action to protect our environmentto protect our lifesupport system to the level that we need to.Just because we know a lot about the environment doesnt mean that we actually act to save it.After all，actions speak louder than knowledge.” He adds that people may not be very worried about environmental problems if they seem far away.“Some people call it psychological distance.A lot of climate issues are worse in the Arctic and most of us dont spend time in the Arctic.And so，theres a certain distance.But theres also a distance thats happening in the world as it urbanizespeople spending more time in front of screens and less time out in nature.We become，if you will，disconnected from the natural systems that used to be the key to success for a human being.”To help children discover the wonders of nature，he adds that children should learn about nature in school.But he also points out we have a high mountain for people to climb from knowledge to action.1.From what Monty Hempel says in Paragraph 3，we learn that .A.knowledge on environment protection is not enoughB.knowledge that children learn at school is uselessC.ecoliteracy can help people understand how nature worksD.people with enough knowledge will protect the environment well答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段中 Monty Hempel说的话，尤其是文中的“And what I have tried to ask is whether thats enough.”暗示仅仅有环保的知识是不够的，故最佳答案为A。2.What is especially important for environment protection in Mr.Hempels opinion?A.Knowledge. B.Action.C.Green living. D.Psychological distance.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“After all，actions speak louder than knowledge.”可知Mr.Hempel的观点是行动更重要，故最佳答案为B。3.Mr.Hempel thinks people show no concern about some environmental problems because .A.they lack knowledge on environment protectionB.they have no awareness of environment protectionC.some environmental problems are not worse at allD.some environmental problems happened far away答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Some people call it psychological distance(有些人叫它心理距离).”以及“And so，theres a certain distance(这里是有一定距离的).”，可知人们对一些环境问题不关心，是因为有些环境问题发生在遥远的地方，故最佳答案为D。4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Experts think it is the best way to learn nature in school.B.Climbing a high mountain is a good way to exercise well.C.Changing peoples attitude to environment protection is hard.D.Knowledge can help children take action to protect the environment.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“But he also points out we have a high mountain for people to climb from knowledge to action(但他也指出对许多人来说从知识到行动有一座高山要爬).”可知要改变人们对环境保护的态度是很难的。【2014高考英语综合能力测试题】When my wife Mia and I were recent college graduates, she soon got into a law school. She shouldve been excited, but she wasnt. She wanted to work in cooking. She was a great cook but had no professional or educational experience that would help her find a job in cooking. Like a responsible adult, she planned to go to the law school because that was what she thought she was supposed to do. Like an irresponsible adult, I convinced her to pursue her passion instead. Although the type of job Mia wanted was low-paying, it wouldve been extremely difficult to find a restaurant willing to take her on with no experience. Yet, shortly after she began her search, she became an apprentice (学徒) at Le Bec Fin, which was considered one of the best restaurants in the country. How did this happen? Mia shared her goals with everyone she met. It turned out that her grandfathers neighbor had a cousin who cooked for the White House. A conversation with her grandfather led to a conversation with his neighbor, which led to a conversation with his cousin. Finally, the White House chef knew someone at a restaurant in Philadelphia, and that led to Mias apprenticeship. There is one essential way to get people to help you achieve your goals. Whether your goal is huge or small, most people want to help you. What you have to do is share your goals. If youre not comfortable asking for help, you can mention what youre trying to do and wait for people toraise their hands. They will. And tell everyone. Keep in mind that most of your friends know the same people you know. So its important to share your goals with strangers you meet. This approach has been helpful to me numerous times. When youre having conversations, and someone asks whats going on, let them know what youre trying to accomplish. Most people will want to help you, and you never know who can help you achieve your goals.41. From the first paragraph we know that _. A. Mia was interested in law B. Mia was interested in cooking C. Mia was an experienced cook D. the author didnt want his wife to be a cook42. Whats the correct order about Mias finding her job at a restaurant? a. The cousin had a conversation with his friend. b. The neighbor had a conversation with his cousin. c. Mia had a conversation with her grandfather. d. The grandfather had a conversation with the neighbor. A. abcd B. cadb C. dbac D. cdba43. How do you achieve your goals according to the passage? A. Keep your goals in mind. B. Ask your parents to help you. C. Share your goals with people. D. Try your best to draw up a plan. 44. According to the passage, the author always shares his goals with _. A. strangers B. friends C. neighbors D. family members45. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Dont share your goals with strangers. B. Le Bec Fin was thought to be one of the authors best friends. C. Anyone can become the person to help you achieve your goals. D. The writer and Mia were married when they were college graduates.【参考答案】41-45 BDCAC如何找工作？本文与我们分享了一个方法与朋友及陌生人分享你的目标。41. B。推理判断题。根据第一段中.she soon got into a law school及She wanted to work in cooking.可推出答案。42. D。细节理解题。根据第三段中A conversation with her grandfather led to.with his neighbor.with his cousin.the White House chef knew someone.and that led to Mias apprenticeship.可知。43. C。细节理解题。根据第四段中What you have to do is to share your goals.可知。44. A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段So its important to share your goals with strangers you meet. This approach has been helpful to me numerous times.可知。45. C。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句.and you never know who can help you achieve your goals.可知。【2015高考复习】阅读理解 As China becomes increasingly urbanized (城市化的)，it has to find space for its urban and rural citizens as both groups become increasingly integrated. Experts suggest a possible model way may be reinventing a “garden city”Chinas megacities are bursting at the borders and the country is now undergoing the quickest and biggest urbanization in the history of mankind. It is estimated that by 2025, China will have 400 million more people living in its cities, raising its urban population to 900 million. Besides, new satellite towns are mushrooming on the urban fringes while city ring roads are rippling outwards into the countryside at amazing speed. Satellite maps collected by Professor Joshua Bolchover at the University of Hong Kong bring the problem sharply into focus. They track the changing ruralurban framework in the past 30 years, and suggest that cities are cruelly destroying surrounding rural land and rapidly reducing the amount of arable(可耕种的)land, which gives way to new residential blocks, new industrial zones, new financial centers and the other inevitable signs and signatures of economic growth.This, however, is not sustainable growth pattern, especially when China has the worlds largest population to feed. So concerned urban planners are starting to note the social and physical effects of diaspora(大移居)when replaced rural communities are forced into the cities.On the other hand, a trend of thought is gradually taking shape and this is the concept of the “garden city”， a combination of country and city that is being proposed by architects and city planners. Hua Li, from Tao Architects, is among the many professionals with such a voice. His argument is supported by a longterm study on this subject. As Hua says, the answer is to preserve patches of productive farmland within urban boundaries. Less transportation means we have fresh agricultural products at lower costs and less carbon emission in the city. And urban farmland can also be showcased for agricultural tourism and education.The concept is already practiced at grass roots level.Agriculture has gone into the air, up to roof and balcony in some communities in the cities. Its common to see organic “hanging garden” on the roof of some traditional courtyard home. According to some people, the rooftop project translates into practical benefits, such as safe, nutritious vegetables and a cooler home in summer. Some say thanks to the tomatoes they plant that are natural insect killers, therere fewer mosquitoes. Apart from these, it also contributes to better bonding with neighbors. Zhang, a doctor in Beijing, began creating his hanging garden five years ago. Since his garden became home to 30 kinds of vegetables and fruitall enough to feed his family, neighbors have enjoyed dropping by for a relaxing chat or just to see how well the lovely vegetables and fruit are growing.Although people like Zhang are still rare and the greening of roof space with vegetables and fruit takes skill and energy，with more positive media exposure and advanced technology there is the prospect that garden city will become common practice in the near future. By then, cities will no longer look so gray when seen from the satellites.【语篇解读】 中国的城市化进程不断加快，这是一个我们不得不面对的现实。如果不能较好地应对，这对我们来说将是个灾难。城市和农村将如何融合共生？1Some experts suggest reinventing a “garden city” because_.Ait is the only model way to save the citiesBit helps stop destroying the rural areasCincreasing urbanization takes place in ChinaDChina has the largest population to feed解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句的内容可知，专家提议重建花园城市是因为中国的城市化进程在不断加快。答案C2What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?ATo show the experts concern about the increase of population.BTo persuade people into supporting economic growth in cities.CTo explain the reasons for the change of ruralurban framework.DTo inform the readers of the consequences of quick urbanization.解析推理判断题。根据第二段的描述可知，中国城市化进程不断加快，由此导致可耕地的大面积减少。故第二段的目的在于告知读者城市化进程所带来的后果。答案D3In Hua Lis opinion, a combination of country and city will_.Abenefit the environment and lower living costsBbecome a project that needs a longterm studyClead to more rural communities being replacedDattract more farmers to take tours in cities解析细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Less transportation means we have fresh agricultural products at lower costs and less carbon emission in the city.”可知，城乡结合既保护了环境又降低了生活成本。答案A4As for the concept of the“garden city”，the writer feels_.Adesperate BhopefulCdisappointed Dconcerned解析态度意图题。根据最后一段中的“there is the prospect that garden city will become common practice in the near future”可知，作者认为花园城市的构想是可行的，在不久的将来会成为现实，故作者对此充满希望。答案B【2015高考复习】阅读理解During the school year many parents take on the role of driver as they drive their children from one lesson to another.Understandably so.Many of us want our children to have a little taste of everything，from organized sports to music，dance and more.But we can overdo it，leaving our children feeling a little burnt out，and according to parent educator Diane Loisie，its their school work that suffers the most，“After school，if theyre busy in a number of sporting events，besides，they need to do their homework，then the time theyll feel sleepy is in the classroom.Your child needs free time.So if youre filling up that after school time，then its during the day theyre going to be taking a break.”Professor Claire McDermott agrees that theres a lot to be gained from sometimes putting those scheduled lessons and activities away.“Relaxing time is important for children.Its time just to do the things they want to do.Children can go up to their room，or they can play around.It doesnt look like productive time；parents certainly wouldnt be saying Wow，are they ever learning things now？ But this relaxing time gives both the body and the brain just a wonderful chance to relax after a day.It helps a child prepare for sleep，but it also helps to understand the learning thats gone on that day.”Its hard to prevent signing our kids up for some activities and lessons.After all，many of us want our children to have a head start in life and the chance to join in great activities in the arts or sports is part of that.However，Loisie feels