西洋乐器英文名称 简介

西洋乐器英文名称及简介 Violin 小提琴 A stringed instrument played with a bow having four strings tuned at intervals of a fifth an unfretted fingerboard and a shallower body than the viol and capable of great flexibility in range tone and dynamics 用弓演奏的一种弦乐器 四根弦 按五度音程调音 指板无品 形体较古 提琴浅 音域 音色和强弱相当灵活 Viola 中提琴 A stringed instrument of the violin family slightly larger than a violin tuned a fifth lower and having a deeper more sonorous tone 提琴家族中的一种弦乐器 稍大于小提琴 调音比小提琴低五度 声 音更为深沉 洪亮 Cello 大提琴 A four stringed instrument of the violin family pitched lower than the viola but higher than the double bass 一种提琴类四弦乐器 音调比中提琴低但比低音提琴高 Double bass 低音提琴或大贝司 The largest bowed stringed instrument in the modern orchestra also used frequently in jazz ensembles especially played pizzicato The double bass usually considered a member of the violin family is tuned in fourths and has the sloping shoulders and flat back characteristic of the viols It has a deep range beginning about three octaves below middle C 尤用于拨奏的现代管弦乐队的最大弓弦乐器 也常用于爵士乐合奏 低音提琴通常被算作提琴类 定弦为四度 颈部倾斜和背平是低音提琴的特点 它有始于 中央 C 音以下三个八度的深度范围 flute 长笛 A high pitched woodwind instrument consisting of a slender tube closed at one end with keys and finger holes on the side and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown 由一根一端封闭的纤细管子组成的高音木管乐器 侧边有按键和指孔 靠近封闭端有一个使气流进入的开口 piccolo 短笛 A small flute pitched an octave above a regular flute 一种音调比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子 clarinet 单簧管 A woodwind instrument having a straight cylindrical tube with a flaring bell and a single reed mouthpiece played by means of finger holes and keys 单簧管 黑管一种管乐器 有直的圆筒形管身和一个外敞的管口及一 个单簧吹口 以指孔和键的方式演奏 oboe 双簧管 A slender woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a double reed mouthpiece having a range of three octaves and a penetrating poignant sound 带有一个圆锥形孔和双簧管吹口的细小的木管乐器 具有三个八度音 域和穿透力强而尖利的声音 English horn 英国管 A double reed woodwind instrument similar to but larger than the oboe and pitched lower by a fifth 一种双簧的木制管乐器 类似于双簧管 但音高比双簧管低五度 bassoon 或 fogotto 大管 A low pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed having a long wooden body attached to a U shaped lateral tube that leads to the mouthpiece The range of this instrument is typically two octaves lower than that of the oboe 巴松管 低音管一种低调的有双簧的木管乐器 有长的木质管身并与 通向吹口的侧面管身相连 这种乐器的音域范围比双簧管明显的低两个八音度 double bassoon 低音大管 The largest and lowest pitched of the double reed wind instruments sounding an octave below the bassoon 双簧管系管乐器中音高最低的也是最大的乐器 比低音管的 音高低一个八度 horn 或 French horn 圆号或法国圆号 A valved brass wind instrument that produces a mellow tone from a long narrow tube that is coiled in a circle before ending in a flaring bell 一种有活瓣的铜管乐器 从漩涡形且端部有喇叭口的又长又细的管子 里发出圆润的乐音 trumpet 小号 A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a long metal tube looped once and ending in a flared bell the modern type being equipped with three valves for producing variations in pitch 一种高音铜管乐器 由一根从前为环状的金属管和呈喇叭口得末端构 成 现代小号上装有三个活瓣以制造不同的音高 cornet 短号 A wind instrument of the trumpet class having three valves operated by pistons 号类的一种管乐器 有三个用活塞控制的栓 塞 trombone 长号 A brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical tube bent upon itself twice ending in a bell shaped mouth and having a movable U shaped slide for producing different pitches 一种铜管乐器 由弯曲两次的长圆筒形金属管构成 尾部有喇叭形口 有一个可滑动的 U 形拉管 可发出不同音高的音 tuba 大号 A large valved brass wind instrument with a bass pitch 大型带活塞的低音铜管乐器 harp 竖琴 An instrument consisting of an upright open triangular frame with usually 46 strings of graded lengths played by plucking with the fingers 一种有一个通常系有四十六根长短不一的琴弦的直立的开放三角架 弹奏时用手指拨动琴弦的乐器 piano 钢琴 An instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire strings producing sounds that may be softened or sustained by means of pedals 一种乐器 用手操作键盘驱动打击钢丝线产生声音 可以通过踏瓣的 方式调轻声音或使之持续不断 organ 风琴 An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that sound tones when supplied with air and a keyboard that operates a mechanism controlling the flow of air to the pipes 一种由一定数量的靠输送气流发声的管子和一个操纵机械装置以使气 流通过管子的键盘构成的乐器 harpsichord 羽管键琴 A stringed instrument resembling a grand piano but usually having two keyboards and two or more strings for each note and producing tones by the plucking of strings with plectra 一种卧式竖琴型或梯形的键盘乐器 类似三角钢琴 但通常有 两层键盘 部分为一层 及其个别亦有三层 和两套或更多的弦 每套发出不同音质的音 通过羽管或皮制拨子 拨子连接一顶重器 一般为一根直立的木杆 拨弦 赖琴键内端推 动发声 glockenspiel 钟琴 A percussion instrument with a series of metal bars tuned to the chromatic scale and played with two light hammers 按半音阶调准的分级金属棒构成的打击乐器 用两个轻槌击 奏 xylophone 木琴 A percussion instrument consisting of a mounted row of wooden bars graduated in length to sound a chromatic scale played with two small mallets 一种打击乐器 由逐级加长的一排排镶嵌的木棒组成 并发出半音音 阶 用两个小木槌敲击 bass drum 大鼓 A large drum having a cylindrical body and two heads and producing a low resonant sound 一种大鼓 有个圆筒形鼓身和两个面 并能发出低沉的 共鸣的声音 tambourine 铃鼓 An instrument consisting of a small drumhead with jingling disks that are fitted into the rim It is shaken with one hand and struck with the other 小手鼓 一种由边缘嵌有能叮当作响的小金属片的小鼓面构成的一种 乐器 演奏时人们一只手摇它而另一只手敲它 lute 鲁特琴 中文的琵琶也译做 lute A stringed instrument having a body shaped like a pear sliced lengthwise and a neck with a fretted fingerboard that is usually bent just below the tuning pegs 一种纵向削制的形状如梨的拨弦乐器 琴颈上有定音档的指板 通常 弯曲于调音单轴之下 mandolin 曼陀林 An instrument with a usually pear shaped body and a fretted neck over which several pairs of strings are stretched 常是梨形琴身 在有格纹的琴颈上装有几组供挑拨的琴弦 guitar 吉他 An instrument having a large flat backed sound box similar in shape to a violin a long fretted neck and usually six strings played by strumming or plucking 一种具有大而平的音箱的乐器 形状与小提琴相似 琴颈长 通常有 六根弦 为弹拨乐器 erhu 二胡 Bowed two string fiddle from China with its bow hairs fixed between the strings rests on the leg while playing Fiddle 费德罗小提琴 English name for the Violin originated from the Latin Vitula The French words Vielle and later Viol are also from the same Latin root flute 长笛 The flute is a cylindrical metal tube closed at one end that is held horizontally and blown across the mouth hole Gu Zheng 古筝 Lonng Chinese zither typically with 21 strings also known simply as Zheng Gu meaning ancient Related to Japanese Koto Harmonica 口琴 the first of the modern European free reed instruments a block of 10 or more double sided reeds mouth blown Marimbas 马琳吧木琴 A modern commercially manufactured fully resonated orchestral xylophone piano 钢琴 Keyboard instrument whose strings are struck with hammers controlled by a keyboard mechanism pedals control dampers in the strings that stop the sound when the finger releases the key keyboard instrument 键盘乐器 Instrument sounded by means of a keyboard a series of keys played with the fingers The most commonly recognized keyboard instruments are the piano organ harpsichord and synthesizer a recent invention organ 风琴 Wind instrument in which air is fed to the pipes by mechanical means the pipes are controlled by two or more keyboards and a set of pedals string family 弦乐器类 The members of the string family include two types of instruments bowed and plucked The standard bowed string instruments from highest to lowest are violin viola cello and double bass The harp and guitar are common plucked string instruments String instruments often play special effects including trill pizzicato harmonic and arpeggio Also chordophone violin 小提琴 The violin s four strings are set in vibration usually one at a time by drawing a bow across them with the right hand while the fingers of the left hand stop the strings changing its vibrate length and thus the pitch vibraphone 颤音琴 A percussion instrument with metal bars and electrically driven rotating propellers under each bar that produces a vibrato sound much used in jazz 常用乐器英中对照表 一 Woodwinds 木管乐器 1 Piccolo 短笛 2 Flute 长笛 3 Soprano Recorder 高音竖笛 4 Oboe 双簧管 5 English Horn 英国管 6 Bassoon 大管 7 Contrabassoon 低音巴松 8 Clarinet in Eb 降 E 调单簧管 小黑管 9 Clarinet in A A 调单簧管 10 Clarinet in Bb 降 B 调单簧管 11 Bass Clarinet 低音单簧管 12 Soprano Saxophone 高音萨克斯 13 ALto Saxophone 中音萨克斯 14 Tenor Saxophone 次中音萨克斯 15 Baritone Saxophone 上低音萨克斯 16 Alto Flute 中音长笛 17 Bass Flute 低音长笛 18 Oboe d Amore 双簧管的一种 19 Piccolo Clarinet 高音单簧管 20 Alto Clarinet 中音单簧管 Eb 调的 属于低音单簧管 21 Contrabass Clarinet 倍低音单簧管 22 Descant Recorder 高音竖笛 23 Alto Recorder 中音竖笛 24 Tenor Recorder 次中音竖笛 25 Bass Recorder 低音竖笛 26 Bagpipes 风笛 27 Basset Horn 巴赛管 单簧管 28 Panpipes 排萧 二 Brass 铜管乐器 1 Cornet 短号 2 Trumpet in Bb 降 B 调小号 3 Trumpet in C C 调小号 4 Flugelhorn 夫吕号 行进乐队常用 5 Horn in F F 调圆号 6 Trombone 长号 7 Tenor Trombone 次中音长号 8 Bass Tromone 低音长号 9 Baritone T C 次中音号 10 Baritone 次中音 11 Euphonium 小低音号 12 Tuba 大号 13 Bass Tuba 低音大号 14 Piccolo Cornet 高音短号 15 Piccolo Trumpet in A A 调高音小号 16 Bass Trumpet in C C 调低音小号 17 Alto Trombone 中音长号 18 Contrabass Trombone 倍低音长号 三 Pitched Percussion 有音高打击乐器 1 Timpani 定音鼓 2 Bells 排钟 3 Glockenspiel 钢片琴 4 Crystal Glasses 5 Xylophone 木琴 6 Vibraphone 颤音琴 7 Marimba 马林巴琴 8 Bass Marimba 低音马林巴琴 9 Tubular Bells 管钟 10 Chimes 钟琴 11 Steel Drums 钢鼓 12 Mallets 三角木琴 四 Percussion 小打击乐器 1 Percussion 小打击乐器组 2 Wind Chimes 3 Bell Tree 音树 4 Triangle 三角铁 5 Crotales 响板 6 Finger Cymbals 手指小镲 7 Sleigh Bells 马铃 8 Cymbals 大镲 9 Cowbell 牛铃 10 Agogo Bells 由两个锥型铁筒组成 比牛玲音高 11 Flexatone 12 Musical Saw 乐锯 13 Brake Drum 闸鼓 14 Tam Tam 大锣 15 Gong 锣 16 Claves 响棒 17 Slapstick 击板 18 VibraSlap 19 Sand Block 沙轮 20 Ratchet 齿轮剐响器 21 Guiro 木制 用铁棍剐 22 Cuica 发出的声音象狗叫的拉丁乐器 23 Maracas 沙槌 24 Castanets 响板 25 Wood Blocks 盒棒 26 Temple Blocks 木鱼 27 Log Drum 木鼓 28 Tambourine 铃鼓 29 Whistle 哨 30 Siren 汽笛 31 Jawbone 32 Anvil 乐钻 五 Drums 鼓 1 Drum Set 架子鼓 2 Bongo Drums 邦加鼓 用手指敲的小鼓 夹在两腿间 3 Tim