肺癌相关英文词汇.doc

.肺癌相关英文词汇小结Chapter 64 Lung Cancer 肺癌;.1.Lung cancer/Lung carcinomas 肺癌2.solid tumor originating from bronchial epithelial cells来源于支气管内皮细胞的实体肿瘤3.Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) 非小细胞肺癌4.small cell lung cancer (SCLC)小细胞肺癌5.natural histories 自然病程6.responses to therapy治疗有效7.Lung carcinomas arise from normal bronchial epithelial cells that have acquired multiple genetic lesions and are capable of expressing a variety of phenotypes 肺癌来源于支气管上皮细胞，这些细胞在后天产生了多种基因缺陷，并且表现出多种表型。8.Activation of protooncogenes原癌基因激活9.inhibition or mutation of tumor suppressor genes抑癌基因抑制或突变10.production of autocrine growth factors自分泌产生生长因子11.cellular proliferation细胞增殖12.malignant transformation恶性转化13.overexpression of c-KIT in SCLC小细胞肺癌细胞c-KIT过表达14.epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in NSCLC非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体15.affect disease prognosis影响疾病预后16.Cigarette smoking is responsible for 80% of lung cancer cases80%的肺癌是由于吸烟导致的 17.exposure to respiratory carcinogens暴露于呼吸道致癌物18.asbestos 石棉19.Benzene苯20.genetic risk factors基因风险因素21.history of other lung diseases 其他肺部疾病病史22.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD 慢性阻塞性肺病23.asthma哮喘24.The major cell types are SCLC (15% of all lung cancers), adenocarcinoma (50%), squamous cell carcinoma (30%), and large cell carcinoma. 肺癌主要的类型包括小细胞肺癌（15%），腺癌（50%），鳞癌（3 months, national guidelines recommend gemcitabine, topotecan, irinotecan, paclitaxel, docetaxel, CAV (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine), and vinorelbine如果复发在3个月后发生，国家指南推荐以下药物：吉西他滨、托泊替康、伊立替康、紫杉醇、多西他赛、CAV方案（环磷酰胺、多柔比星、长春新碱）及长春瑞滨104.Patients with SCLC that recurs within 3 months of first-line chemotherapy are considered refractory to chemotherapy and unlikely to respond to a second-line regimen小细胞肺癌在一线治疗后3个月内复发，则认为对化疗耐药，二线治疗不太可能产生疗效105.EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC OUTCOMES疗效评估106.Patients with stable disease, objective response, or measurable decrease in tumor size should continue treatment until four to six cycles have been administered.（对非小细胞肺癌），患者疾病稳定，客观有效，肿瘤大小缩减，应继续化疗至4-6周期107.Responding patients with nonsquamous histology should be considered for maintenance therapy with pemetrexed有疗效的患者，组织学类型为非鳞非小细胞肺癌，维持治疗可选择培美曲塞108.Efficacy of first-line therapy for SCLC should be determined after two or three cycles of chemotherapy. 小细胞肺癌一线治疗的评效应在2-3周期化疗后进行109.If there is no response or progressive disease, therapy can be discontinued or changed to a non-cross-resistant regimen. （小细胞肺癌）如果评效结果显示无效或疾病进展，应停药或换用无交叉耐药的方案110.If responsive to chemotherapy, the induction regimen should be admin