广东中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项训练

1 广东中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项训练广东中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项训练 完形填空 是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型 它是一种障碍性的测试题 在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力 逻辑推理及分析归纳 综合判断能力 这 种题型归纳起来有如下特点 1 在整份试卷中所占的分值较重 占 10 15 长度一般在 130 200 个 单词左右 2 降低了对单词本身的考查要求 重点考查考生对短文的整体理解 上下 文的段落衔接 情理分析及推理判断能力 3 针对初中学生的实际水平 一般采用故事体 尽量避免专业性太强的 文章或论文体 近年来出现了以意义选择为主 语法选择逐渐减少的趋势 完形填空 有多种形式 但它在基本设计原则上都是一致的 形式都是从 短文中抽去若干词 让考生根据上下文填入适当的词 为了有助于考生填入适 当的词 可以提供四个答案 其中包括一个正确答案 让考生选出正确的答案 也可以给出单词首字母完形填空 或者给出字母及单词长度 由几个字母组成 也可以不给考生提供任何线索 完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力 完成 最常见的还是选择型的 完形填空 抽词法 可以是有针对性地抽 也可以是随机地抽 但目前比较流行的是 对文章理解能力的考查 而不是单纯对语法结构的考查 完形填空 要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理 好每个单句 理解语义 还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系 选出适当的词填上 使文章完整与通顺 完形填空题要求填入的词主要有 构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语 动词 名词和介词 根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词 副词 代词和 连词 同义词 近义词等易混词 考查以实词为主 兼顾虚词和语法结构 难 点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上 完形填空 旨在测试考生的综合应用语言能力 因此 要做好 完形填空 不仅要具备一定的词法 句法和惯用法等语法知识 而且还要具备阅读理解能 力 综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力 2 完形填空通常是将一篇逻辑性较强的短文 留出若干个空 然后采用 四选一 的方法 将短文补充完整 它属于客观题型 如今的完形填空题除保留传统题 型的优点外 还采用了选词填空 有多余选项 或根据上下文补全对话 或短文 等 主观题型 但事实证明 完形填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一 且失分 率较高 限于篇幅 本文着重谈谈客观题型的解法 请看 一 目标要求 完形填空主要测试学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构 中心思想 推理判断 词语辨析 习惯用法 固定搭配等方面的能力要求 及对所学英语 的综合运用能力 快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等 二 解题步骤 在做完形填空题时 通常先弄清语境 并依据上下文进行合理的分析 判 断 才能作出恰当的选择 具体可分为以下三步 1 通览全文 了解大意 答题时 应先越过空档 通读全文 理顺题意 找出信息词 这是做好完 形填空题的关键 因为完形填空的特点是着眼于整体理解 我们如果把短文比 作环环相扣的链条 那么由于空格的设置 链条 从第二句起有些地方就脱节 了 有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填 急于求成 然而 欲速则不达 结 果往往由于 只见树木不见森林 而事倍功半 因此我们应该依据首句给的启示 通过逻辑思维 借助短文中关键词所提供的信息 越过空档 尽快把全文读完 建立语言的整体感 帮助我们了解短文大意 2 综合考虑 先易后难 通览全文后 认真观察选项 瞻前顾后 仔细推敲 逐项选定 经过通读 全文 对短文有了整体印象 在此基础上 可以根据全文大意 展开逻辑思维 分析这一空格处在句中的地位 前后的关系和它所起的作用 确定最佳答案 遇到困难 暂放一边 先易后难 这是解题之道 当遇到难以判断的空档时 不妨先放一边 继续往下做 因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出 断定的 有时 前后信息之间还有相互提示作用 因此 当我们遇到难题时 不能久久停留于此 这样会浪费不必要的时间 3 3 复读检验 消除疏漏 完成所有空档后 还要再次通读全文 看看这时的短文行文是否流畅 意 义是否连贯 逻辑关系是否合理 复查时 可从语法入手 检查一下句子的时 态 主谓一致 代词的性 数 格以及词语的搭配等是否正确 凡遇疑点 必 须根据文章的中心思想 从意义 语法的角度来仔细权衡 加以改正 弥补疏 漏 三 实例点拨 请根据下面短文内容 在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的 最佳答案 Every year students in many countries learn English Some of these students are children 1 students are young people Why do all these people want to learn 2 It is not 3 to answer this question Many boys and girls learn English at school It is one of their 4 Many people learn English because it is 5 in their work Some young people learn English 6 their higher studies because some of their books are 7 English Other people learn English because they want to 8 newspapers in English Some people learn English because they want to 9 in the USA England or Australia English is very 10 in our life 生活 1 A all B the other C both D other 2 A English B Chinese C maths D Japanese 3 A hard B easy C good D nice 4 A books B classes C schools D subjects 科目 5 A good B useful 有用的 C fine D pleased 6 A for B of C to D from 7 A in B with C at D of 8 A look B see C look at D read 9 A go B work C like D come 10 A help B helping C helps D helpful 4 答题分三步 第一步 通览全文 通过通览全文 便知本文讲述许多人学习英语 学习英语的人年龄不同 目的各异 第二步 逐项填空 本着先易后难的原则 先根据上下文和自己的语感 推测部分空格的可能 答案 然后 再结合选项逐一敲定 1 选 B some other s 意思是 一些 另一些 泛指 some the other s 意思是 一些 另一些 特指 由语境可知 在学英语的学生中 除 一部分是孩子外 剩余的是青年人 特指 2 选 A 根据上下文可知是 English 3 选 B 由文章内容来看 人们学习英语的原因多种多样 因此回答为什 么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易 4 选 D 由常识可知 English 是学生学习的科目 subject 之一 5 选 B 根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语 那是因为 English 在他们的工 作中很有用 useful 6 选 A 本题属于介词用法辨析 介词 for 在此可表示目的 原因 7 选 A in English 是习惯搭配 8 选 D 读报 英语习惯说 read newspapers 9 选 B 根据语境及句子结构 有些人学习英语或想出国 go to a country 或 想在这些国家工作 work in a country 10 选 D 末句点题 英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的 helpful 第三步 复读检验 将所有答案代入空格后 重新将短文复读一遍 如果语句通顺 语意清楚 便结束本题 转做其它试题 最后须提醒大家一点 做好完形填空题并非一日之功 我们应从平日学习 中做起 多积累 勤学苦练 方可成功 Have a greater success in the future 5 1 Alice had an argument with her best friend Judy last Thursday She thought 41 was really difficult and wanted to copy Judy s homework But she refused They didn t talk to each other for a few days Alice didn t know 42 to face her maths problem and she wondered if she could get on well with her friend again Yesterday afternoon she saw a cool boy 43 the violin happily by the road when she was walking home from school The violin music sounded so nice that she couldn t help stopping to listen to him 44 Alice didn t know what music he was playing it made her feel better After he finished the music Alice walked over to him and said Thank you 45 your beautiful music It gets me out of the really bad mood 心情 Then she took out some 46 and gave it to him To her surprise the boy asked her to take the money back He explained that he wasn t making money by playing the violin He just wanted to 47 others He hoped that the wonderful music could make people relaxed and happy That s why he played it by the road What a 48 boy he was Then Alice told him about her trouble He said You should learn to smile even if you are in difficulty Listening to music is helpful So why not listen to music as 49 as possible Never lose heart Believe in your friend She has her reason Believe in 50 Everything will go well Hearing these words Alice went home with a smile She believed she could make it 41 A ChineseB maths C science D physics 42 A why B how C when D where 43 A carrying B selling C buying D playing 44 A Because B When C Though D Whether 45 A for B withC from D except 46 A music B money C food D work 47 A have B leave C give D help 48 A tall B rich C kind D safe 49 A often B quicklyC soon D loudly 50 A myself B herself C yourself D himself 6 2 These days some middle schools in China are trying to do something different The students choose classes according to their own needs For each subject they can make a choice from different levels 等级 of difficulty So instead of staying in the 41 classroom they go to different rooms to have their lessons And the teachers make special teaching plans for 42 There are different opinions about it Xia Rui a 13 year old girl said I really love it I think it s nice that we can 43 classes by ourselves My English is poor I used to be afraid to answer questions in class I think that the good students may 44 me when I make mistakes Now I feel much more relaxed But her classmate Chen Gang didn t agree I don t think it is so good 45 it is difficult for students to find where the classrooms are he said During the break students can be seen here and there running and shouting to find their 46 I m worried that some students may think they are in the lower class 47 lose interested in the subject their math teacher Mr Wang said I also 48 that some parents may feel unhappy if their kids study a subject at an easy level In my eyes it is good 49 both students and teachers Mr Wang also said As teachers we can make teaching plans more 50 and the students will develop better 41 A clean B same C bright D empty 42 A us B him C them D you 43 A play B teach C choose D work 44 A laugh at B listen to C look after D wait for 45 A whether B because C when D before 46 A parents B friends C books D classrooms 47 A and B but C till D or 48 A hope B report C cry D worry 49 A for B at C on D with 50 A slowly B easily C quietly D brightly 3 7 The population problem may be the 1 one of the world today The world s population is growing 2 Two thousand years ago there were only 250 million people 3 the earth Four hundred years ago the number was 4 500 million But at the beginning of the 5 century the world s population was about 1 700 million In 1970 this number was 3 600 million In 1990 the number was five billion A 6 report says that the world population will 7 six billion by the end of the 20th century This is just ten 8 after it 9 five billion People say that by the year 2010 1 0 may be seven billion 1 A great B greater C greatest D greating 2 A faster and faster B fast and fast C fastest and fastest D faster and fast 3 A in B on C at D for 4 A nearly B more C almost D over 5 A twenty B twelve C twentieth D twelfth 6 A USA B UN C PRC D PLA 7 A past B pass C passed D passes 8 A weeks B months C seasons D years 9 A get B gets C reached D reach 10 A this B its C one D it 4 8 Fire can help people in many ways But it can also be very harmful 有害的 Fire can keep your house 1 give light and cook food But fire can burn things 2 Big fire can burn trees houses animals or people Nobody knows how people began to use fire But there are 3 interesting old stories about how a man or woman started a fire One is 4 a man The man 5 a very long time ago He went up the sun and 6 fire down Today people know how to make a fire with matches 火柴 Children sometimes 7 to play with them But matches can be very dangerous One match can burn a piece of paper and 8 it could burn a house A small fire can turn a big fire very quickly So you 9 be careful with matches Be careful with fire and it will 10 you But if you aren t careful with fire and it may hurt you 1 A warm B warmer C cool D cooler 2 A also B too C either D neither 3 A many B much C little D no 4 A over B about C a little D no 5 A worked B studied C learned D lived 6 A bring B take C brought D took 7 A enjoy B like C don t like D become 8 A after B late C yet D then 9 A can B man C will D must 10 A help B do C tell D hope 5 9 Every day some people are killed while they are crossing the roads 1 of these people are old people and children Old people are often killed because they can t see or 2 very well Children are killed because they are not 3 They forget to look and listen before they 4 the roads A car or a bus can t stop 5 If a car is going very fast it will travel many metres 6 it stops Some people don t always understand this They think a car can stop 7 a few metres It is difficult to 8 how fast a car is moving The only way to cross the roads safely is to look 9 ways right and left Then if the roads are 10 you can cross them 1 A Much B Most C More 2 A hear B to hear C hearing 3 A care B carefully C careful 4 A across B come C cross 5 A fast B quickly C quick 6 A before B while C after 7 A in B on C at 8 A know B look C listen 9 A all B each C both 10 A full B empty C busy 6 10 Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school Yesterday she came into the 1 with a big smile on her face She said to her 2 that she was 3 to see they did well in the sports meeting But 4 was not pleased to see the classroom last Saturday not as 5 as usual She hoped they would clean the classroom every day Wei Hua was on 6 yesterday She said everyone was at 7 except Lin Tao Then she told Miss Zhao about their 8 to the Great Wall last Sunday Luckily the weather was 9 They played games and had a picnic there After Wei Hua 10 her talk Miss Zhao began her lesson 1 A shop B classroom C park D office 2 A students B teachers C workers D doctors 3 A angry B sorry C glad D sad 4 A she B I C we D he 5 A dark B old C large D clean 6 A time B duty C foot D top 7 A home B noon C night D school 8 A visit B music C clock D football 9 A bad B fine C rainy D windy 10 A started B had C finished D gave 7 11 When you wave 挥手 to a friend you are using sign language When you smile at someone you mean to be 1 When you put one finger 手指 in front of your 2 you mean Be quiet Yet people in different countries may use different sign languages Once an Englishman was in Italy He could speak 3 Italian One day while he was walking in the street he felt 4 and went into a restaurant 餐馆 When the waiter came the Englishman 5 his mouth put his fingers into it and took them out again and moved his lips 嘴唇 In this way he 6 to say Bring me something to eat But the waiter brought him a lot of things to 7 First tea then coffee then milk but no food The Englishman was 8 that he was not able to tell the waiter he was hungry He was 9 to leave the restaurant when another man came in and put his hands on his stomach 肚子 And this sign was 10 enough for the waiter In a few minutes the waiter brought him a large plate of bread and meat At last the Englishman had his meal in the same way 1 A nice B friendly C fine D well 2 A eye B hand C mouth D arm 3 A a littleB fewC a fewD a little 4 A hungry B tired C sad D worried 5 A washed B opened C closed D touched 6 A dared B meant C had D decided 7 A eat B drink C carry D play 8 A happy B glad C sorry D afraid 9 A quick B slow C ready D quiet 10 A good B bad C bright D wrong 8 12 We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers Our car was full of 1 inside On the way home my wife saw a bookshelf outside a furniture 家具 shop Buy it she said at once We ll 2 it home on the roof rack 车顶架 I ve always wanted one like that Ten minutes 3 we were back with the bookshelf 1 drove slowly Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening The 4 even stopped traffic to let us through After a rime my wife said There s a long line of cars 5 Why don t they overtake 超车 Just at that time a police car did overtake and two officers inside asked us to 6 their car through the busy traffic The police car stopped at our village church 教堂 One of the officers came to me and said Do you need any more 7 now I didn t quite understand So I said You ve been very 8 We live just down the road He was looking at our things first at the flowers then at the bookshelf Well well he said and 9 It s a bookshelf you ve got here We thought it was er something else My wife began to laugh Suddenly I understood 10 the police drove here 1 A booksB flowersC fruitsD vegetables 2 A takeB carryC sendD hold 3 A beforeB afterC laterD ago 4 A driversB policeC cleanersD sellers 5 A behindB beforeC besideD back 6 A takeB followC moveD drive 7 A timeB moneyC helpD water 8 A kindB cleverC politeD popular 9 A laughedB criedC shoutedD jumped 10 A how B whatC whoD why 13 9 Sam had a dog Its name was Tod it was very helpful but it ate too much So he didn t like it he wanted to 1 Tod He 2 Tod and put it in a small boat he rowed 划 the boat to the 3 of a big river Just as he 4 the poor animal into the river the boat began to go down 5 the man and Tod 56 into the river Tod was able to swim 7 Sam couldn t The dog bit 咬 the rope 绳子 and broke it it tried its best to swim to 8 Sam The man was saved so he was very thankful 感激的 to the dog he didn t want to kill the dog 9 From the on he gave the dog as 10 as it wanted 1 A sell B buy C beat D kill 2 A tied B pulled C pushed D closed 3 A front B foot C side D middle 4 A threw B carried C sent D brought 5 A Neither B Nor C Each D Both 6 A fell B dropped C lost D jumped 7 A because B though C but D when 8 A kill B save C meet D hit 9 A no more B any more C no longer D not more 10 A little B few C many D much 14 10 There were no classes that afternoon so Henry went to a 1 shop near his home The shop sold many jackets He looked 2 them and at last chose a very nice one He 3 it on and then told the shopkeeper to put it into a 4 At that time his friend Bruce came into the shop They hadn t seen each other for a long time They were so 5 to meet again that they forgot 6 else Soon they were busy talking on and on happily It was nearly six o clock 7 they decided to go and have dinner together Henry picked up the bag and walked 8 the door of the shop The shopkeeper stopped them and asked Henry to pay for the 9 Henry looked at him in surprise at first but soon he remember that he hadn t paid for it He said 10 gave him the money and them left the shop with his friend 1 A fruit B book C food D clothing 2 A up B for C after D at 3 A put B tried C got D turned 4 A bag B cup C car D pocket 5 A worried B interested C pleased D anxious 6 A nobody B anybody C something D everything 7 A though B so C because D but 8 A towards B through C out of D round 9 A dinner B bag C jacket D ticket 10 A goodbye B yes C hello D sorry 15 11 Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school Yesterday she came into the 1 With a big smile on her face She said to her 2 that she was 3 to see they did well in the sports meeting But 4 was not pleased to see the classroom last Saturday not as 5 as usual She hoped they would clean the classroom every day Wei Hua was on 6 yesterday She said everyone was at 7 except Lin Tao Then she told Miss Zhao about their 8 to the Great Wall last Sunday Luckily the weather was 9 They played games and had a picnic there After Wei Hua 10 her talk Miss Zhao began her lesson 1 A shop B classroom C park D office 2 A students B teachers C workers D doctors 3 A angry B sorry C glad D sad 4 A she B I C we D he 5 A dark B old C large D clean 6 A time B duty C foot D to 7 A home B noon C night D school 8 A visit B music C clock D football 9 A bad B fine C rainy D windy 10 A started B had C finished D gave 16 12 Mr White works in an office He liked reading in bed when he was at school It was bad for his 1 and now he has near sight 近视 But he wouldn t want 2 to know about it and he never wears a pair of glasses It often 3 him some trouble One winter morning he was sent to a village school on business 出差 He 4 a bus at a stop in a small town Then he had to walk there The road to the village wasn t smooth 平坦 He fell over some times and it 5 his clothes dirty 6 he got to the village Suddenly it began to blow and it got colder He was looking for the school while his 7 was blown off He began to run after it but he couldn t get it He couldn t understand why his hat ran into a house as if 似乎 it had 8 And he ran into the house 9 A woman stopped him and shouted angrily 10 are you running after my hen 母鸡 for 1 A ears B nose C mouth D eyes 2 A anybody else B nobody C woman D somebody 3 A follows B takes C brings D carries 4 A took off B got off C got on D came on 5 A let B made C gave D felt 6 A At first B At home C At times D At last 7 A clothes B bag C hat D glasses 8 A legs B hands C shoes D arms 9 A always B also C either D too 10 A What B Why C Which D Who 17 13 Once there was an old man in a town He always forgot 1 things So his wife al ways had to say to him Don t forget this One day he went on a long trip 旅行 alone Before he 2 home his wife said Now you have all these 3 They are what you need for your trip Take care of your things during the trip He went to the station bought a ticket and 4 the train with it About half 5 hour later the conductor began to see the tickets He came to the old man and 6 Will you please show me your ticket The old man looked for his tick