牙髓腔解剖英文

髓腔形态The Pulp Cavity,讲授 胡延佳 讲师,目的要求,1.To grasp the pulp cavities of the permanent teeth. 2.To grasp the basial conceptions and theories of the pulp cavity. 3.To understand the changes of the pulp cavities depending on the age and the history of trauma of the teeth. 4.To grasp some professional english words.,References,Dental anatomy,physiology and occlusion.Dental anatomy and morphology.Concise illustrated dental dictionary.,Conception of the Pulp Cavity,髓腔各部名称髓腔的增龄变化和病理变化髓腔解剖的临床意义,髓腔 Pulp Cavity,The entire central cavity of a tooth,both root and crown, which contains the pulp tissue during the life of the pulp. The outline of the pulp cavity generally corresponds to the external contour of the tooth.,髓 室Pulp Chamber,The portion of the pulp cavity which is located roughly in the anatomical crown of the tooth.,根管系统root canal system,髓腔除髓室以外的部分，包括根管，管间吻合，根管侧支，根尖分歧，根尖分叉及副根管，它们共同组成根管系统。,髓室顶roof of pulp chamber,与牙合面或切嵴相对应的髓室壁。,髓室底floor of pulp chamber,与髓室顶相对的髓室壁。,髓室高度,髓室顶底间距离为髓室高度,Pulp chamber,髓室壁wall of pulp chamber,与轴面相对应的髓腔牙本质壁。分近远中髓壁，唇颊和舌侧髓壁。,Pulp chamber,髓角Pulp Horn,The portion of the pulp chamber which often cor-responds to lobes, or cusps, of the crown of the tooth. Horn-shaped extension of the pulp cavity extending in towards the cusp or the incisal margins.,根管口Root Canal Orifice,The opening of the root canal on the floor of pulp chamber.,根 管Root Canal,The portion of the pulp cavity which is located basically in the anatomical root of the tooth.,根管形式,单管型 single-canal type 双管型 bicanal type单双混合型 single-bicanal type三管型 tricanal type,侧副管lateral accessory canal,为根管系统中除根管外的一切管道，包括：管间吻合、根管侧支、根尖分歧、根尖分叉及副根管。,管间吻合 intercanal Anastomoses,An extra canal branch which extends mainly in a horizontal direction , connecting pulp canals with each other,or with supple-mentary canals.,根管侧支 lateral branch of root canal,Minute canals which extend mainly in a lateral direction, from the pulp to the periodontal membrane.,根尖分歧apical ramification,根管在根尖分出的细小分支。premolar and molar多见。,根尖分叉apical furcation,根管在根尖分散成两个或两个以上的细小分支。,副根管 accessory root canal,为发自髓室底至根分叉处的管道。多见于molar。,根管系统内部连接处的名称：根管口，副根管口，根管侧支口，根尖分歧口，根尖分叉口。根管系统在牙根表面开口的名称：根尖孔，副孔，侧孔。,根尖孔Apical Foramen,The constricted opening(s), at or near the root apex , through which the main nutrient and nervous supply to the pulp enter and exit.,髓腔各部名称,髓室顶与髓室底 髓室壁 髓角根管口 根管 管间吻合 根管侧支 根尖分歧 根尖分叉 副根管 根尖孔,髓室,根管系统,髓腔,解剖性根尖孔：生理性根尖孔：,髓腔的增龄性变化和病理变化,As previously indicated, the pulp tissue retains the ability to produce dentin throughout its lifetime.This is secondary dentin,as contrasted to the primary dentin produced during tooth development.Secondary dentin production reduces the dimensions of the pulp cavity.This may be either in the form of a general reduction in size, or specific to an area of irritation (reparative).,髓腔的增龄性变化和病理变化,When one ,or both of these factors is occurring, there are changes in pulp cavity dimensions with age. With age, the pulp horns are blunted, and often obliterated, so that the teeth of older individuals may not exhibit pulp horns at all. The same is true of the remainder of the pulp chamber, as well as the pulp canal ; as aging occurs the entire pulp cavity normally decreases in size.,髓腔解剖的临床意义,口内：牙体，牙髓，牙周病治疗的重要依据。 修复：牙体预备,桩冠等。,The pulp cavities of the permanent teeth,Sectioning of the Pulp Cavity,mesiodistal section (MDS) 近远中切面 labiolingual section (LLS)唇舌切面（前牙）buccolingual section（BLS）颊舌切面（后牙）cross sections through the cervical line area (CSC）牙颈横切面cross sections through the mid-root (CSM)根中横切面,The outline of the pulp cavity corresponds, in general, to the external contour of the tooth. This is a very important fact,since it provides some idea of the shape of the pulp cavity without direct vision of it.,切牙的髓腔形态,上颌中切牙 下颌中切牙 Maxillary Central Incisor Mandibular Central IncisorsGeneral LLSMDSCCS,上颌中切牙 下颌中切牙 MaxCI ManCI,髓腔较大，根管较粗 髓腔体积最小，唇舌径大于近远中径 单根管 根管多为窄而扁的单根管， 4%分唇舌双根管 根尖孔约58%位于 根尖孔约75%位于根尖顶 根尖顶,General,上颌中切牙 下颌中切牙 MaxCI ManCI,髓腔呈梭形 髓腔中部的唇舌径较大， 平颈缘处最厚 两端较小 髓室顶缩小成尖 髓室顶呈尖形，近冠中1/3 接近冠中1/3,LLS,髓腔呈三角形 髓腔呈狭长的三角形 顶为三角形底，最宽 顶为三角形底，略宽 接近牙冠中1/3处 接近冠中1/3,MDS,上颌中切牙 下颌中切牙 MaxCI ManCI,与外形相似1：圆三角形， 椭圆形，唇舌径大于 唇侧宽于舌侧 近远中径2：椭圆形或圆形,CCS,上颌中切牙 下颌中切牙 MaxCI ManCI,尖牙的髓腔形态,上颌尖牙 下颌尖牙 Maxillary Canine Mandibular Canine General LLS MDS CCS,上颌尖牙 下颌尖牙Maxillary Canine Mandibular Canine,单根管 髓室和根管较上尖牙窄唇舌径远大于近远中径 髓角较圆，根管为双管者占4%根尖孔约54%位于根尖顶 根尖孔约68%位于根尖顶,General,上颌尖牙 下颌尖牙 Maxillary Canine Mandibular Canine,顶窄而尖，近冠中1/3 唇舌径较大切端2/3很厚，近根尖1/3渐窄 最大位于牙冠及牙根颈部根尖孔比切牙者大 髓角呈尖形，接近牙冠中1/3处,LLS,上颌尖牙 下颌尖牙Maxillary Canine Mandibular Canine,髓腔较窄，两端均呈尖形 髓腔较窄 髓角近牙冠中1/3 髓角圆钝，接近冠中1/3处 髓角以下到牙根中部一段 略宽，向根尖渐细,MDS,上颌尖牙 下颌尖牙 Maxillary Canine Mandibular Canine,髓腔较大，约呈圆三角形 髓腔约呈卵圆形， 唇舌径较大 唇侧宽于舌侧，唇舌径大于近远中径,CCS,前磨牙的髓腔形态,上颌前磨牙 下颌前磨牙Maxillary Premolar Mandibular Premolar,General,BLS,MDS,CCS,上颌前磨牙 下颌前磨牙Maxillary Premolar Mandibular Premolar,髓室类似长立方形，颊舌径 颊舌径与近远中径相近大于近远中径髓室位于牙冠颈部及根柱内 多与单根管相通 髓室顶凹，最凹处约与颈缘平齐,General,上颌前磨牙 下颌前磨牙 Maxillary Premolar Mandibular Premolar,颊高 冠中1/3 颊髓角 近冠中1/3 舌低 颈部 舌侧髓角短圆而不明显，位 髓室底有1-3个根管口 于牙冠颈部 根尖孔约50% 颊髓角稍长 位于根尖顶 舌髓角较短,BLS,4,4,5,位于颈1/3,上颌前磨牙 下颌前磨牙 Maxillary Premolar Mandibular Premolar,与尖牙略相似 形似尖牙， 髓室和根管均较窄小 但很狭窄,MDS,上颌前磨牙 下颌前磨牙Maxillary Premolar Mandibular Premolar,成长条形，颊舌两端圆钝 较长的椭圆形颊舌径近远中径 颊舌径近远中径 部分髓室颊舌向中份缩小呈肾形,CCS,The Pulp Cavities of the Maxillary Molars,上颌第一磨牙,髓室似矮立方形，颊舌径近远中径髓室高度,髓室顶凹向下,最凹处约与颈缘平齐。近中颊舌髓角高,均近冠中1/3；远中颊舌髓角较低，位于冠颈部处。,髓室底可见3-4个根管口，排列呈颊舌径长，近远中径短的四边形或三角形。,上颌第二磨牙,髓腔形态与上颌第一磨牙相类似，但较小。 近颊根分根管者约30%，远颊根及舌根管均为单根管。,上颌第三磨牙,髓室大，根管粗和髓角较低。,The Pulp Cavities of the Mandibular Molars,下颌第一磨牙,髓室为矮立方形，近远中径颊舌径髓室高度（1mm）；髓室顶最凹处与颈缘平齐。近远中舌髓角高度相近，近冠中1/3。