考研英语阅读练习

重庆森博国际教育 沙坪坝三峡广场新华书店旁立海大厦 25 楼 1 考研英语阅读练习考研英语阅读练习 It is a wise father that knows his own child but today a man can boost his paternal fatherly wisdom or at least confirm that he s the kid s dad All he needs to do is shell our 30 for paternity testing kit PTK at his local drugstore and another 120 to get the results More than 60 000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years according to Doug Fog chief operating officer of Identigene which makes the over the counter kits More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than 2500 Among the most popular paternity and kinship testing which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists and supports businesses that offer to search for a family s geographic roots Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA But some observers are skeptical There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing says Trey Duster a New York University sociologist He notes that each 重庆森博国际教育 沙坪坝三峡广场新华书店旁立海大厦 25 楼 2 individual has many ancestors numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father s line or mitochondrial DNA which a passed down only from mothers This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors even though for example just three generations back people also have six other great grandparents or four generations back 14 other great great grandparents Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared Databases used by some companies don t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others so a person s test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results In addition the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation 26 In paragraphs 1 and 2 the text shows PTK s A easy availability B flexibility in pricing 重庆森博国际教育 沙坪坝三峡广场新华书店旁立海大厦 25 楼 3 C successful promotion D popularity with households 27 PTK is used to A locate one s birth place B promote genetic research C identify parent child kinship D choose children for adoption 28 Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to A trace distant ancestors B rebuild reliable bloodlines C fully use genetic information D achieve the claimed accuracy 29 In the last paragraph a problem commercial genetic testing faces is A disorganized data collection B overlapping database building C excessive sample comparison D lack of patent evaluation 重庆森博国际教育 沙坪坝三峡广场新华书店旁立海大厦 25 楼 4 30 An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be A Fors and Againsts of DNA testing B DNA testing and It s problems C DNA testing outside the lab D Lies behind DNA testing 全文翻译 俗话说 贤父知己子 但是如今男人可以提升自己的智慧 至少 可以确认自己是孩子的父亲了 他所要做的就是在住所附近的药店 里付 30 美元买一个父子关系测试包 PTK 然后另支付 120 美元以 获得结果 道格 福格是 Identigene 生产这种在药店可以出售的测试包的公司 的 首席运营官 他指出 自从去年 PTK 无需处方就可以买到以来 购买者已经超过 6 万人 超过 24 家公司直接向公众出售 DNA 检 测工具 价格从几百美元到 2500 多美元不等 最受欢迎的 DNA 测试是父子和血缘关系检测 被收养的孩子可 以利用它找到自己的生物学亲属 家庭也可以用它来追踪到被收养 的孩子 DNA 检测最近不受到许多热心的族谱学家追捧 还为那 些提供家族寻根服务的公司提供了支持 许多测试需要从唾液中获取细胞 将唾液送至公司进行检测 所 重庆森博国际教育 沙坪坝三峡广场新华书店旁立海大厦 25 楼 5 有的测试都需要另外一个相关人员的 DNA 进行比对 但是观察家们持怀疑态度 纽约州立大学的社会学家特洛伊 达斯 特说 那些声称可以进行血统检测的人 他们兜售的测试有一定的 不准确性 他注意到每个人都有许多祖先 仅几个世纪以前就有几 百个之多 但是多数血统检测只考虑某个单一系统 或者是遗传自 父亲的 Y 染色体 或者是只由母亲遗传的线粒体 DNA 这个 DNA 只揭示了一两个祖先的基因信息 但是 仅仅 3 代之前 除 了曾祖父母 他们还有 6 个外曾祖父母 或者 4 代以前 除了曾 曾祖父母 他们还有 14 个外曾