英语四级英文书信写作要领

英语四级英文书信写作要领英语四级英文书信写作要领 一 英文书信的结构 二 书信作文的出题形式和写作要领 三 书信作文练习及其参考范文 书信是重要的交际工具 英文书信分为两大类 公务信件和私人信件 公务信件是单位与单位或单 位与个人之间来往的书信 可能是推荐信 求职信 入学申请书 邀请信 或询问 答复 反映意见 如投诉信 等的信件 私人信件是指亲戚朋友之间的通信 这两类书信各有自己的格式 一般说来 私人信件不拘形式 信文多用手写 也可打印 公务信件要求比较严格 必须遵循一定的格式 信文一 定要打印 第一节 英文书信的结构 英文书信一般由以下六部分组成 信头 信内地址 称呼 正文 结尾 签名 1 1 信头 Heading 信头是指发信人的地址和日期 通常写在第一页的右上角 行首可以齐头写 也可以逐行缩进写 地址的书写顺序由小到大 门牌号 街道 城市 省 州 邮编 国名 最后写发信日期 私人信件一 般只写寄信日期即可 例如 123 Tianhe Road Tianhe District Guangzhou 510620 Guangdong Province P R C March 15 2002 1 2 信内地址 Inside Address 信内地址要写收信人的姓名和地址 在公务信件中要写明这一项 在私人信件中 这一项常常省略 该项写在写信日期下一行的左上角 格式与寄信人地址一样 1 3 称呼 Salutation 称呼是对收信人的称谓 应与左边线对齐 写在收信人姓名 地址下面 1 2 行处 在称呼后 英国人 常用逗号 美国人则常用冒号 在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字 但公务信件中一定要写收信人的姓 大部分信件在称呼前加 Dear 如 Dear Professor Prof Bergen Dear Dr Johnson 对不相识的人可按性别称呼 Dear Sir 或 Dear Madam Dear Ladies 如果不知收信人的性别则可用 Dear Sir or Madam 5 1 4 正文 Body of Letter 正文是书信的主体 与中文信件不同的是 英文书信的正文的开头不是先写一些问候语 再阐明写 信的目的 而是直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的 然后提出写信人的情况 想法或要求 并加以必 要的解释或说明 英文书信陈述目的时 应该直截了当 意思明确 层次清楚 言简意赅 书信正文的第一句话或第一段 通常被称为起首语 一般说来 人们习惯用一些客套的写法作为书 信正文的起始 即先将对方来信的日期 主题加以简单描述 以便使对方一看便知该信是回答哪一封信 的 如果是第一次给别人写信 也可用开头语作必要的自我介绍 并表明自己写信的主要目的 5 1 5 结尾礼词 Complimentary Close 公务信件的结尾礼词包含两部分 发信人的结尾套语与署名 结尾套语写在签名上面一行 第一个 字母要大写 套语结尾后面要加逗号 在公务信件中 发信人常用的结尾套语有 Yours truly Yours sincerely Respectfully yours Cordially yours Yours cordially 等 私人信件中 发信人常用的结尾套语有 Sincerely yours Lovely yours Your lovely Your loving son daughter 等 5 1 6 签名 Signature 写信人的签名常位于结尾礼词正下方一二行 除非是给很熟悉的人写信 签名一般须写出全名 签 名常常较潦草 不易辨认 因此在签名的正下方须打印出全名 第二节 书信作文的出题形式和写作要领 1990 年到 2002 年 1 月之间的四级考试作文题中 书信作文共出现两次 2001 年 6 月和 2002 年 1 月 下面 我们先来看看 2001 年 6 月四级考试的作文题 Directions For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter Suppose you are Zhang Ying Write a letter to Xiao Wang a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week long holiday You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestion given below in Chinese 1 表示欢迎 2 提出对度假安排的建议 3 提醒应注意的事项 A Letter to a Schoolmate June 23 2001 Dear Xiao Wang Yours Zhang Ying 从上面的例子可见 书信作文不仅给出正文部分的内容的提纲 而且还给出书信各部分的结构的框 架 也就是说 我们只要考虑如何表达提纲部分的内容 而不用考虑书信的结构 在写书信作文时 首先要把书信正文的提纲内容细化 扩展成更细的英文提纲 然后用简洁 明了 礼貌 正确和得体的语言表达出细化了的提纲内容 例如前面的那封信就可以列出下面的提纲 Topic A Letter to a SchoolmateQuestion What are the holiday arrangements and points for attention Outline I Extending my welcomeII Holiday schedule1 1st day campus2 2nd day the art gallery music hall3 3rd day mountain climbing4 next 3 days other places of interest Swan Cave Golden Lake 5 Last day departureIII Points for attention1 Train number time of arrival2 SunglassesIV Looking forward to seeing you Introduction Body 1Body 2Conclusion 范文 A Letter to A Schoolmate June 23 2001 Dear Xiao Wang I m very glad to learn that you re going to visit me during the week long holiday My parents will also be happy to see you again I am sure you will enjoy every minute here I have arranged our schedule for the holiday as follows On the first day you arrive I ll show you around our campus On the second day we ll visit the art gallery and the music hall Next day we ll climb a hill in the northeastern part of the city On the top of the hill we can have a wonderful bird s eye view of the city During the next three days we ll make some short trips to some places of interest nearby such as the Swan Cave the Golden Lake etc On the last day I ll see you off at the railway station Please remember to call and tell me your train number and time of arrival so that I can meet you at the railway station By the way it s very hot here and we have a lot of sunshine so don t forget to wear you sunglasses I m looking forward to seeing you soon Yours Zhang Ying 写信日期称呼正文第一段 表示欢迎正文第 2 段 活动安排第一天的安排第二天的安排第三天的安 排第 4 6 天的安排第七天 送行正文第三段 注意事项 注意事项一注意事项二结束语结尾礼词签名 上面举的是私人信件的例子 下面我们再来看一封投诉信 Letter of Complaint 投诉信的目的是为了让收信人读信后同情你的遭遇 解决你所遇到的问题 所以写投诉信时应该实事 求是地反映情况 注意措辞 不使用过多的讽刺或责备的语言 也不要因为发泄怒气而离题 以避免引 起收信人的不信任或反感 一般而言 投诉信包括以下内容 提出要求和理由 解释详细的情况 把请求具体化以及希望收信 人采取行动的日期等 例如 September 1 2001 Dear Sir or Madam I m writing to complain about a typewriter I bought seven months ago In February of 2001 I bought a Jones Typewriter Portable Special Model at ABC Store I had used it only a few days when the space bar broke I took it to a local shop they told me it was factory defect and suggest I take it back to ABC ABC accepted the machine and sent the part in I waited three months and since your company did not send a replacement they let me have the space bar from another typewriter Now six months later it has broken again I took it back to ABC They are no longer carrying your typewriter but they assured me that the guarantee is still good and suggested that I write you for further instructions as to what steps to take I will appreciate anything you can do to help us on this matter Respectfully Signature James Bergen 写信日期 称呼正文第一段 表明写信的目的正文第二段 具体说明购买产品的时间 地点及出现的 问题第三段 说明尝试的解决方法 第四段 说明尝试的解决方案无效 请求帮助结尾礼词签名打印的姓 名 这是一封态度冷静 措辞有理 有节的投诉售后服务不周的信 由于这类信涉及经销商 厂家 和 卖方 因此 投诉信中写明了以下详细的情况 1 购物的时间 In February of 2001 2 购物地点 at ABC Store 3 产品型号 Jones Typewriter Portable Special Model 4 使用时间 I had used it only a few days six months later 5 主要问题 The space bar broke 6 产生问题的原因 factory defect 7 为什么向你方反映 They are no longer carrying your typewriter but they assured us that the guarantee is still good and suggested that I write you for further instructions as to what steps to take 商店已没有贵公司的打字机 但他 们让我相信 保修卡仍有效 并建议我写信给贵公司以寻求解决办法 此外 写信人还用了礼貌的结束语 I will appreciate anything you can do to help us on this matter 贵公司在这件事上给我的任何帮助都将令 我不胜感激 小结 1 英文书信的结构 2 书信作文的出题形式 3 书信作文的写作要领 1 书信开头常用语 Thank you for your letter of April I was glad to receive your letter of May 4 I am very glad to have received a letter from you Many thanks for your last kind letter Your kind letter gives me much pleasure I venture to inform tell notify you that I have the pleasure honor to inform tell notify you that In answer to your kind letter of March 15 I must apologize for my delay in answering your kind letter I must apologize for not writing to you so long I have just this moment received your letter and I am writing at once because Thank you so much for answering my letter so quickly I am sorry it has taken me a long time to replay to your last letter but What a surprise it was to get a letter from you after all this time How nice it was to hear from you at last You will be very glad to hear that What great delight I learned that Your letter of Saturday arrived this morning I have not heard from you so long and I feel anxious 2 书信结尾常用语 正文提供信息后的结尾 I hope this information will help you Please feel free to contact me for more information I trust these suggestions will be useful Please let me know if I can help any further 正文投诉的结尾 I expect to hear from you very soon Please give this matter your immediate attention We expect to receive your reply very soon Thank you for your attention to this matter I look forward to your prompt response 表示歉意的结尾 Once again I am sorry for any inconveniences caused Please accept my apologies once more 致谢信的结尾 Thank again you for your help Thank you again for your assistance Thank you in advance 结尾盼望回信 I would appreciate it if you contact me as soon as possible Trus