高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解基础训练（五）21.doc

河南许昌县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮基础训练（五）【科普知识型-阅读理解】The forces that make Japan one of the worlds most earthquakeprone(有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution.Water from deep below the ground at Japans tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.Although Japanese hightech companies are leaders in geothermal(地热的) technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation.“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production.The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of Japans energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 percent.Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japans potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.“We cant even dig 10cm inside national parks，” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, “Producing electricity by using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, the US, believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 percent market share.In 2010, Fuji Electric built the worlds largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.1What would be the best title for the text?AAlternative energies in JapanBThe worlds largest geothermal plantCJapan takes the lead in geothermal technologyDJapan thinks of geothermal energy2What percentage of Japans energy needs is geothermal energy?AAbout 8%. BBelow 1%. CAround 30%. DOver 80%.3According to Shigeto Yamada, the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs _Aa change of rules Bfinancial supportClocal peoples help Dhigh technology4Geothermal energy is considered as a longterm program by _AYoshiyasu Takefuji BHideaki MatsuiCShigeto Yamada DYoko Ono5It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that _Athe worlds biggest geothermal plant was built by AmericaBJapan will not export its geothermal technologyCthe potential of Japans geothermal energy is greatDit is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan【要点综述】文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能。因为日本是地震多发国家，国家地热能非常丰富，所以地热能将是日本的新型替代能源。1D主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，围绕地热能的话题展开。故选D项。2B细节理解题。从第七段“For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.”可知，日本地热能不到1%，主要依赖于化石燃料和原子能。故选B项。3A细节理解题。从倒数第四段“adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.”可知，要开发地热能需要将现行的规章制度进行改变，故选A项。4B细节理解题。从“Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，Producing electricity by using hot springs is a decadeslong project”可知，Hideaki Matsui 认为地热能是个长期的项目，故选B项。5C推理判断题。从最后两段可知，日本在地热能方面有着巨大的潜力，故选C项。2016高考训练题。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 Musiclessonsinearlychildhoodbringaboutchangesinthebrainthatcouldimproveitsperformancefarintoadulthood,researcherssay. Brainscansofyoungadultsshowedthosewhohadformalmusicaltrainingbeforesevenhadthickerbrainareasdealingwithhearingandself-awareness.Thefindingsnotehowbraindevelopmentcanbeinfluencedbytheagewhenchildrenstarttolearnamusicalinstrument,andhowthosechangescancontinueintolaterlife. Earlymusicaltrainingbenefitskidsmorethanjustmakingthemenjoymusic.Itchangesthebrain,whichcouldbringaboutcognitiveadvancesaswell,saidYunxinWangofBeijingNormalUniversity. “Our results suggest its better to start musical training before seven, which agrees with what most piano teachers recommend,” she added. She hoped the results might help parents decide when was the best for their children to learn an instrument. The brains cortex(皮层) plays a leading role in ones abilities, from thought and language to memory and attention. The area matures rapidly in the early years of life, and its development could be affected more if a person starts musical training before it fully matures. Wang studied 48 Chinese students aged between 19 and 21 who had received formal music training for at least a year sometime between the ages of 3 and 15. Each had a scan to measure the thickness of the brains cortex. After considering sex and the number of years spent having music lessons, Wang found that musical training that started before seven appeared to thicken areas of the brain involved in language skills and executive function, which is a persons ability to plan and accomplish tasks.“Were not sure why these changes occur, but a reasonable explanation is that early starters might depend more on hearing clues(线索) when learning music, since it might be more difficult for younger children to read music,” Wang said.1. According to the researchers, musical training before the age of seven can _. A. contribute to future work. B. create a successful life C. develop all-round abilities D. deal with puzzling problem2. When conducting the research with the students, Wang _. A. tested their language abilities B. watched their musical performances C. focused on school behavior and achievements D. measured the thickness of the brains cortex3. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _. A. it must be hard for kids to read music B. kids are more likely to learn music by hearing C. Wangs explanation has been the most reasonable D. Wang will research into the reasons for the brain change4. For what purpose does the author write the text? A. To describe the development of brain. B. To challenge the previous discoveries. C. To present the findings of the research. D. To give advice on how to learn music.参考答案14、ADBC 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省深圳市一模】 The organization representing British universities has expressed concern about the potential effect of tuition fees（学费）after figures showed a drop of more than 6% in student applications with less than a month to go before the deadline for 2013 applications.Data from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (Ucas) showed there were 265,784 university applications by UK-based candiates up to 17 Decemeber, 6.3% down on the parallel period in the admissions cycle the year before. While this is less than the 8.4% year-on-uear fall seen in earlier Ucas figures, released in mid-November, the coming January deadline makes it ever more likely that the total 2013 applicant figure will see a second sizeable fall following the introduction of annual fees of up to 9,000.Nicola Dandridge, the chairman of Universities UK, said : “However, we must be concerned about any drops in the numbers applying to university and in particular, we must look closely at how the increase in graduate contributions in England may be affecting the decisions of promising students. However ,the December figures show a drop in numbers across the UK, suggesting that it is not only a question of tuition fees in England putting off from applying.”A report of the Uncas figures to mid-December shows a 6.5% fall for applicants in England and 11.7% for those in Wales, with smaller drops of 3.9% for Scotland and 0.5% for Nortern Ireland. Scotiish students at home insitiutions pay on fees, while those from Nothern Ireland have fees capped to 3,575 for Northern Irish universities.Dandridge added: “No one should be put off applying to university because of worries about finance.”“It is important that no one is put off applying to university because they do not have information about the student support available to them. Most new students dont need to pay directly. There will be more financial support for those from poorer families and everyone will make lower loan repayments thatn they do now once they are in well paid jobs.”文章大意：是一篇时文。报道了英国一个大学机构对2013以及近年来英国学生上大学申请人数逐年下降，并分析了下降的主要原因，同时也建议，学生应该上大学，并且可以寻求金融资助。36A drop of more than 6% for 2013 applications is probably the effect of .Athe increased tuition fees Bthe approaching deadlineCthe concern from applicants Dthe difficulties with applications【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段前两行The organization representing British universities has expressed concern about the potential effect of tuition fees（学费）说明主要是受学费上涨的影响，故A正确。37Compared with the previous year, the fall in student applications is .A3.9%B6% C6.3%D8.4%【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段前三行Data from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (Ucas) showed there were 265,784 university applications by UK-based candidates up to 17 December, 6.3% down on the parallel period in the admissions cycle the year before.说明下降的数据是6.3%，说明C项正确。38Why is the fall for application the smallest in Soctoland and Northem lreland?ABecause they have more financial support.BBecause the tuition is much cheaper for them.CBecause the education is better there.DBecause the universities are free for them.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段A report of the Uncas figures to mid-December shows a 6.5% fall for applicants in England and 11.7% for those in Wales, with smaller drops of 3.9% for Scotland and 0.5% for Northern Ireland. Scottish students at home institutions pay on fees, while those from Northern Ireland have fees capped to 3,575 for Northern Irish universities.中的have fees capped to 3,575 for Northern Irish universities.以及第三段中的the total 2013 applicant figure will see a second sizeable fall following the introduction of annual fees of up to 9,000.说明这两个地方的学费比英格兰要低了很多，这是主要的原因。故B正确。39Which of the following is true?AThe application for universities is on a rise continuously.BThe fall for applications is due to family problems.CThe education in Scotland and Northern Ireland is worse.DThe rise of tuition fees has an effect on applications.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段说明学费的上升是导致学生大学申请减少的主要原因。故D项正确。40The last paragraph tells us that .Aeveryone should apply to universityBstudents may get financial supportsClower loan repayments is unavailableDmost new students will not pay fees【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后三行There will be more financial support for those from poorer families and everyone will make lower loan repayments than they do now once they are in well paid jobs.”说明这些贫穷的学生可以获得经济支持而完成他们的学业。故B正确。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省深圳市一模】 All parents know that one of their most important tasks is to prepare their children for an independent life, but any parent can tell you that its hard to let go of your children. That balance between keeping your children safe and allowing them to learn from their own mistakes can be heartbreaking. Years of experience means that parents often do know best, but on the other hand, the young, being less bound by tradition, are often more creative, more able to find new solutions to old problems. Revolutions are led by the young. Good teachers make the growth of critical (批判性的) thinking easier in their students, only to find that this can lead to a questioning of the teachers basic beliefs. Schools encourage parents to become involved, but are often embarrassed when parents have reservations about some of the educational methods being used. Governments encourage unimportant groups to empower themselves in order to participate fully in the development process. And they are often surprised when the new leaders of these groups turn around and attack the policies of that same government. The rebellions (叛逆的)young and the newly unimportant groups are important in social development. They are not necessarily representatives of those they want to represent or not realistic in their demands, but their voices must be heard.Good parents know that just forbidding particular behaviors does not prevent their children from finding ways to engage in these forbidden activities. Indeed, sometimes the forbidden fruit is more inviting, just because it is not accepted by authority. Parents must work with their children to educate them on the facts, know as much as possible about he lives of their children, provide a good example, encourage more wholesome activities but also support their children when they dont follow what is expected of them. But the most important point is that they also need to learn how to let go.文章大意：这是一篇议论文。培养孩子是每个家长的职责，过度的关爱和限制不利于下一代成长，因此家长要学会放手。41By saying “Revolutions are led by the young”, the author indicates that young people are more .AconventionalBrealisticCcreativeDheartbreaking