数学专业术语.docx

倒数（reciprocal）25=thefifthpowerof2Abscissa 横坐标Ordinate 纵坐标Quadrant 象限Coordinate 坐标slope斜率intercede截距(有正负之分)solution（方程的）解arithmeticprogression等差数列（等差级数）commondivisor公约数commonfactor公因子leastcommonmultiple最小公倍数compositenumber合数primefactor质因子primenumber质数factor因数consecutiveinteger连续的整数set集合sequence数列tenthsdigit十分位tenth十分位unitsdigit个位wholenumber整数3-digitnumber三位数denominator分母numerator分子dividend被除数dividedevenly被整除divisible可整除的divisor除数quotient商remainder余数round四舍五入fraction分数geometricprogression等比数列improperfraction假分数properfraction真分数increaseby增加了increaseto增加到integer整数intermsof.用。表达irrational无礼数multiplier乘数multiple倍数multiply乘product乘积naturalnumber自然数percapita每人markup涨价markdown降价margin利润depreciation折旧compoudinterest复利arm直角三角形的股hypotenuse直角三角形斜边lag直角三角形的股medianofatriangle三角形中线intersect相交exteriorangle外角interiorangle内角complementaryangles余角supplementaryangles补角vertexangle顶角verticalangle对顶角anglebisector角平分线equilateraltriangle等边三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形congruent全等的rectangle长方形length长bothlength两个长边width宽rectangleprism长方体trapezoid梯形rhombus菱形diagonal对角线perimeter周长segment线段polygon多边形regularpolygon正多边形parallelogram平行四边形quadrilateral四边形-agon-边形*常用tetragon四边形*pentagon五边形*hexagon六边形heptagon七边形*octagon八边形enneagon=nonagon九边形*decagon十边形hendecagon=undecagon十一边形dodecagon十二边形quindecagon十五边形chord弦radian弧度circumscribe外切，外接inscribe内切，内接concentriccircle同心圆cone圆锥（体积=1/3PI*R*R*H）-hedron-面体hexahedron六面体quadrihedron四面体=三角锥volume体积pyramid角锥cube立方数/立方体cylinder圆柱体sphere球体数学术语（中英对照）数学mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)被加数augend,summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan运算符operator数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integer小数decimal小数点decimalpoint分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null,zero,nought,nil十进制decimalsystem二进制binarysystem十六进制hexadecimalsystem权weight,significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效数字significantdigit无效数字insignificantdigit代数algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial,multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower开方evolution,extraction二次方根，平方根squareroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthroot集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definiteintegral不定积分indefiniteintegral有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber复数complexnumber矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行Parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acuteangle直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isoscelestriangle等边三角形equilateraltriangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形square梯形Trapezoid直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateralpolygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE),center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus,loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustumofaprism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustumofacone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surfacearea体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis,y-axis,z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent反余切arccotangent反正割arcsecant反余割arccosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribedcircle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weightedaverage方差varian