非谓语动词用法讲义annie

河高高三英语语法专题讲练 非谓语动词 编制人 倪安莉 审核人 赵清林 序号 2 班级 姓名 小组 非谓语动词是英语语法教学中的重点和难点之一 同时也是历届高考考查的主 要语法项目 一 辨明非谓语动词的基本形式 to do V ing V ed 二 理解非谓 语动词在句中的成份 不定式动词 ing 形式作主语或宾语 分词与不定式作状语 定语或宾语补足语 重点掌握非谓语动词的定义 形式 句法功能及常用的固定形 式 下面谈谈非谓语动词九个重要考点非谓语动词九个重要考点 一 考查不定式 现在分词与过去分词的基本区别一 考查不定式 现在分词与过去分词的基本区别 从时间关系上看 不定式表从时间关系上看 不定式表将来将来 v ing 形式形式表表主动或或进行进行 过去分词表 过去分词表被动被动 或或完成完成 同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成 尤其是表示有明显的先后关 系的完成 从主动与被动来看 不定式和现在分词表主动 过去分词表被动 同时注 意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动 不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来 现在分词的被动式表被动的同时还兼表进行 1 I send you 100 dollars today the rest in a year A follows B followed C to follow D being followed 2 from other continents for millions of years Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world A Being separated B Having separated C Having been separated D To be separated 二 考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式二 考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式 结合句子意思 考察非谓语动词与相应逻辑主语的关系 若为主动关系 用主 动式 若为被动关系 用被动式 此时要特别注意 过去分词没有相应的被动式 此时要特别注意 过去分词没有相应的被动式 因为它本身可以表示被动 因为它本身可以表示被动 1 When help one often says Thank you Or It s kind of you A offering B to offer C to be offered D offered 三三 考查非谓语动词完成式的用法考查非谓语动词完成式的用法 非谓语动词 不定式 动词 ing 形式 的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动 作 做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系 如 1 The storm left a lot of damage to this area A caused B to have caused C to cause D having caused 2 More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays advantage of the health and relaxation benefits A taking B taken C having taken D having been taken 四四 考查动非谓语动词用作主语考查动非谓语动词用作主语 原则上说 动词用作主语 只能是不定式或动名词 不能是分词形式 这类考题命原则上说 动词用作主语 只能是不定式或动名词 不能是分词形式 这类考题命 题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查 同学们做题需引起注意 题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查 同学们做题需引起注意 如 名称动词不定式动词 ing 形式过去分词 一般式to do doing 一般被动式to be donebeing done 完成式to have donehaving done 完成被动式to have been donehaving been done 进行式to be doing 完成进行式tohave been doing done 及物动词 do 的过去分词 done 既表示被动又表示完成 个别 的过去分词 多数是不及物动 词 并不表示被动的意思而只 有完成的含义 1 It s necessary to be prepared for a job interview the answers ready will be of great help A To have had B Having had C Have D Having 五 考查非谓语动词用作状语五 考查非谓语动词用作状语 一 伴随状语一 伴随状语 在通常情况下 表伴随情况的应用现在分词 如 1 You can t catch me Janet shouted away A run B running C to run D ran 2 Daddy didn t mind what we were doing as long as we were together fun A had B have C to have D having 说明 有时过去分词也可表伴随说明 有时过去分词也可表伴随 注意过去分词同时还表被动关系注意过去分词同时还表被动关系 但高考很 但高考很 少考查此用法 少考查此用法 如 He came in followed by his wife 他走了进来 后面跟着他的妻子 辨析 He came in following his wife 他走了进来 跟在他妻子的后面 二 目的状语目的状语 在通常情况下 用作目的状语只能是不定式 在通常情况下 用作目的状语只能是不定式 如 1 Can the project be finished as planned Sure it completed in time we ll work two more hours a day A having got B to get C getting D get 2 It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just a look at the sports stars 2005 上海卷 A had B having C to have D have 三 三 结果状语结果状语 1 用 v ing 表一种自然而然的结果 如 1 He fired killing one of the passers by 他开枪了 打死了一个过路人 2 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year a record US 57 65 a barrel on April 4 A have reached B reaching C to reach D to be reaching 2 用不定式表一种意外的结果 如 He returned home to find his wife waiting for him 他回到家发现他的妻子在等他 He hurried to the station only that the train had left A to find B finding C found D to have found 六 考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语六 考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语 原则上 所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语 其区别是 不定式表将来 原则上 所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语 其区别是 不定式表将来 现在分词表进行 过去分词表完成和被动 现在分词表进行 过去分词表完成和被动 如 1 I couldn t do my homework with all that noise A going on B goes on C went on D to go on 2 You should understand the traffic rule by now You ve had it often enough A explaining B to explain C explain D explained 七 考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题七 考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题 按照英语习惯 非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致 否则就应调整句子结构 按照英语习惯 非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致 否则就应调整句子结构 如 1 While watching television A the door bell rang B the doorbell rings C we heard the doorbell ring D we heard the doorbell rings 2 Hit by a lack of fresh air my head ached 由于缺乏新鲜空气 我感到头痛 八 考查八 考查 be 过去分词过去分词 介词介词 结构结构 有一类有一类 be 过去分词过去分词 介词介词 结构 如结构 如 be interested in be worried about be lost in be dressed in 等 也往往是命题的热点 等 也往往是命题的热点 如 1 in the mountains for a week the two students were finally saved by the local police A Having lost B Lost C Being lost D Losing 2 in a white uniform he looks more like a cook than a doctor A Dressed B To dress C Dressing D Having dressed 九 非谓语动词的综合考查九 非谓语动词的综合考查 有时命题者会将多个知识点综合起来进行考查 如在考查被动式的同时兼考完成式 有时命题者会将多个知识点综合起来进行考查 如在考查被动式的同时兼考完成式 在考查不定式的同时兼考分词 等等 在考查不定式的同时兼考分词 等等 如 1 Is Bob still performing I m afraid not He is said the stage already as he has become an official A to have left B to leave C to have been left D to be left 一 多项选择题 1 2012 安徽 24 I remembered the door before I left the office but forgot to turn off the lights A locking B to lock C having locked D to have locked 2 2012 山东 26 George returned after the war only that his wife had left him A to be told B telling C being told D told 3 2013 北京卷 29 When we saw the road with snow we decided to spend the holiday at home A block B to block C blocking D blocked 4 2013 江苏卷 24 Lionel Messi the record for the most goals in a calendar year is considered the most talented football player in Europe A set B setting C to set D having set 5 2013 安徽卷 32 in the early 20th century the school keeps on inspiring children s love of art A To found B Founding C Founded D Having founded 6 2013 山东卷 29 I stopped the car a short break as I was feeling tired A take B taking C to take D taken 7 2013 重庆卷 30 When I was little my mother used to sit by my bed me stories till I fell asleep A having told B telling C told D to tell 8 2013 四川卷 8 which university to attend the girl asked her teacher for advice A Not knowing B Knowing not C Not known D Known not 9 2013 四川卷 10 The airport next year will help promote tourism in this area A being completed B to be completed C completed D having been completed 10 2013 江西卷 34 If to look after luggage for someone else inform the police at once A asked B to ask C Asking D having asked 11 2013 湖南卷 31 warm at night I would fill the woodstove then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it A Staying B Stayed C To stay D Stay 12 2012 陕西 22 If he takes on this work he will have no choice but an even greater challenge A meets B meeting C meet D to meet 13 2012 重庆 23 to work overtime that evening I missed a wonderful film A Having been asked B To ask C Having asked D To be asked 14 2012 全国 28 The party will be held in the garden weather A permitting B to permit C permitted D permit 15 2012 北京 31 at the door before you enter my room please A Knock B Knocking C Knocked D To knock 16 2012 湖南 21 We ve had a good start but next more work needs to achieve the final success A being done B do C to be done D to do 17 2012 辽宁 25 The old couple often takes a walk after super in the park with their pet dog A to follow B following C followed D follows 18 2012 辽宁 29 This machine is very easy Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes A operating B to be operating C operated D to operate 19 2012 四川 6 Tom took a taxi to the airport only his plane high up in the sky A finding B to find C being found D to have found 20 2012 四川 8 I looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast A to wind B wind C winding D wound 二 完成句子 1 The community college has to cut down on staff save 为了省钱 那所社区学院只好裁员 2014 2 When I work on the farmland in the daytime I always to a tree on the riverbank keep 白天干农活的时候 我总是把羊拴在河边的树上 2013 3 As time is pressing I think is