论文模板副本范文

论文模板副本范文论文模板副本范文 毕 业 论 文 届 题 目The Domestification and Foreignizationof CulturalFactors in Translation ofA Dream of Red Mansions系 部 英语系 专 业 英语 英语 商务英语方向 英语 翻译方向 班 级 级 班 学 号 姓 名 黎晓薇 指导教师 李 丽 完成日期 年 月 日 1 以下内容中文均为仿宋 GB2312 三号 英文均为Time NewRoman 三号2 系部 专业 班级 学号应写全称 全号 下 同3 内容填写沿下划线自左向右填写4 首页不显示页码仿宋 GB2312 一号加粗毕业论文诚信声明书本人声明我将提交的毕业论文 是我在指导教师指导下独立研究 写作的成果 论文中所引用他人 的无论以何种方式发布的文字 研究成果 均在论文中加以说明 有关教师 同学和其他人员对本文的写作 修订提出过并为我在论 文中加以采纳的意见 建议 均已在我的致谢辞中加以说明并深致 谢意 论文作者 签字 时间 年 月 日 指导教师已阅 签字 时间 年 月 日 毕业论文版权使用授权书本毕业论文 是本人在校期间所完成学业的组成部分 是在辽宁对外经贸学院教 师的指导下完成的 因此 本人特授权对辽宁对外经贸学院可将本 毕业论文的全部或部分内容编入有关书籍 数据库保存 可采用复 制 印刷 网页制作等方式将论文文本和经过 批注等处理的论文 文本提供给读者查阅 参考 可向有关学术部门和国家有关教育主 管部门呈送复印件和电子文档 本毕业论文无论做何种处理 必须尊重本人的著作权 署明本人姓 名 论文作者 签字 时间 年 月 日 指导教师已阅 签字 时间 年 月 日 题目必须与论文终稿题目一致 小四 下同论文写作完成时间 与 封皮一致 下同The Domestification and Foreignizationof CulturalFactors inTranslation ofA Dreamof RedMansions小 四 加粗 Times NewRoman 1 5倍行距 空二行Li XiaoweiA ThesisSubmitted InPartial Fulfillmentfor theRequirements of the Degreeof BACHELOROF ARTSDepartment ofEnglish LIAONINGUNIVERSITY OFINTERNATIONAL BUSINESSAND ECONOMICSAprilxx 小二号 Arial 加粗小 四 加粗 Arial小 四 加粗 Times NewRoman 1 5倍行距 空五行小 四 加粗 Times NewRoman 1 5倍行距 空六行i iAbstract Translation is likea bridgewhich crossesthe differentlives andcustoms between the pointsof abridge People between the pointsof thebridge livedifferently incustom language and culture Translation isnot onlyan interlingualactivity but also anintercultural activity Linguistic transferenceis onlythe surface of translationwhile cultureexchange is the essenceof translation There existsa long lasting controversyin translation field that is the debatebetween the strategy of foreignization and thestrategyof domestication In translation a translatoralways facesa choicebetween adheringto theSL source language culture oriented orto theTL target language culture oriented This remainsan unsettledquestion aswell as the centerof debatein the translation field This thesisendeavors tostudy thedomestication and foreignization ofcultural factorin A Dreamof RedMansions It firstmainly talks about the importance of culture in translation and analyses the relationship of translation language and culture The translation is alsoimportant for spreading over the culture Then itmainly introduces the two translation strategies Domestication and Foreignization and the influenceof factorsin usingthe translationprinciple such as the purpose of translation translator intention and readeraeptance After that the papertalksabout the cultural factors involved in translationfrom theexample ofA Dreamof RedMansions whichtranslated byYang Xianyi It isconcluded thatduring the translation the translatorshouldn t useonly one method abide byonly onecriterion of translation The domesticationshows thesurfaceof language It s onlyfor steppingover theobstacle inunderstanding language However for municatingin culture the translatoroften usesthe foreignizationto makereaders understanddeeply aboutwestern culture And there is a process of aeptance andtest inforeignization So wecan t saythat thedomestication isgood orthe foreignization is Both of them havepros andcons The suitableone is the bestone Keywords foreignization domestication culture trans lation小三号 Arial 加粗 居中 上空2行 下空1行 1 5倍行 距两段及两段以上需要首行缩进 小四号 Times NewRoman 1 5倍行距小四号 Arial 加粗 顶格 上空1行关键词 数量3 5组 小四号 Times NewRoman 词间用分号隔开ii摘要翻译是座桥 人们在桥两头的生 活各有不同的风俗习惯和语言文化 翻译这座桥正是要跨越两端之间 让人们了解彼此的生活和文化 它不仅是语言的转换 更是文化信息的传递 语言的转换只是翻译的表层 而文化信息的传递才是翻译的实质 异化与归化这两种翻译策略是翻译界长久以来争论的热点之一 在翻译过程中 译者是以源语文化为导向 还是以译语文化为导向 是保持原文的异国情调 还是追求译笔的归化地道 这一直是译 界争论不休的问题 本文从文化的角度看 红楼梦 涉及的翻译的归化与异化 先是论述了文化在翻译中的重要性 分析了翻译 语言 文化之间 的关系 同时也反映了翻译对文化传播起着重要的作用 其次 介绍了两种翻译策略 归化与异化 并分析了制约这 两种翻译策略的因素 如翻译目的 作者意图以及读者的接受能力 等 接着介绍了在翻译中涉及的文化因素 通过杨宪益先生翻译的 红楼梦 来分析如何使用异化与归化 最后作者得出结论 在实际翻译的过程中 译者不可能只使用一种 翻译方法 遵循一种翻译准则 因为归化存在着失真的危险 它大都表现在语言的层面上 是为了 跨越语言理解的障碍而在文化传达上 为了让读者充分理解西方文 化 译者大都才用异化策略 并且异化有一个接受与考验的过程 因此无论是 归化 翻译还是 异化 翻译 他们本身没有优劣之 分 二者各有利弊 应互相补充 相得彰益 只要合适就是最好的 翻译 关键词异化 归化 文化 翻译小三号 黑体 加粗 居中 上空2 行 下空1行两段及两段以上需要首行缩进 小四号 仿宋 GB2312 1 5倍行距小四号 黑体 顶格 加粗 上空1行关键词数量3 5组 小四号 仿宋 GB2312 词间分号隔开iii Tableof ContentsINTRODUCTION 1Chapter OneLITERATURE REVIEW 31 1Origi n ofDomestication andForeignization 31 2 Representatives ofDomestication andForeignization 31 2 1Repres entative of domestication 41 2 2Representative offoreignization 41 3Dispute betweenDomestication andForeignization 51 3 1Dispute overhistory 51 3 2Dispute inrecent years 5Chap ter TwoTHE IMPORTANCEOF CULTUREIN TRANSLATION 62 1Definition of Culture 62 2 The Relationshipbetween Language Translation andCulture 72 2 1Language and culture 82 2 2Tr anslation and culture 102 3The ImportanceofCulture inTranslation 11C hapt er Th ree ANI NT RO DU CT I O NTO DO ME ST IC ATION AND FOREIGNIZATION 123 1Definition of the TwoTranslation Strategiesand TheirTheoretical Basis 123 1 1Definition ofdomestication and its theoreticalbasis 123 1 2Definition offoreignization and its theoreticalbasis 163 2The Influenceof Factorsin UsingDomestication andForeignization 183 2 1The purposeof translation 193 2 2T ranslator intention 203 2 3Reader aeptance 21Chapt er FourUSING THEDOMESTICATION ANDFOREIGNIZATION TOTRANSLATE THECULTURAL FACTORSIN THETRANSLATION OFA DREAMOF REDMANSIONS 244 1Translated byDomestication 244 1 1Ecology culture 24 4 1 2Linguistic culture 25 4 2Translated byForeignization 254 2 1Ecology culture 254 2 2Linguistic culture 26单 独用一页 对齐方式两端对齐 标题小三号 Arial 加粗 居中 1 5倍行距所有一级标题顶格iv CONCLUSION 28WORKS CITED 29ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 30页码要与实际情况相符目录页由论文的章节 附 录等的序号 标题和页码组成 不必包括Abstract和中文摘要 目次间的行距为1 5倍行距 但同一目次换行时应为单倍行距 一级 标题的序号和标题的字体用Arial 小四号 其余的序号和标题用Ti mes NewRoman 小四号 章节必须逐级缩进为一个字符间距 页码必须右对齐 目录标题大小写格式规范与正文标题格式规范相同 辽宁对外经贸学院本科毕业论文第1页INTRODUCTION Forcenturies it has been assumedthat translation is the transfer of one language into another or asWebster s Dictionarydefinition of to turninto one s ownor another language Translation istherefore onlystudied onlinguistic levels In recent years the cultural elements intranslation haveattracted theattention ofscholars Translation isnot onlya linguistic transference but also anintercultural munication Generally speaking the focusof translationstudies overthe pastdecades hasundergone ashift fromlinguistictransferenceto culturalmunication There aretwo principalstrategies to deal withcultural factorsinvolved intranslation namely TL target language culture oriented domestication and SL source language culture oriented foreignization This thesis mainly studiesdomestication and foreignization from the cultural perspective that is how tochoose themain strategyin translatingdifferent kindsof text hoping to provide someprincipals for the handlingof the two strategiesin actualpractice andforthefurther study The studyon domestication andforeignizationhas lastedfor quitea longtime There have been numerousdisputes overdomestication andforeignization bothin Chinaand abroad While scholarshave beentrying to reach aconsensus asto whichtranslation strategyis better they tendto overstressone strategyand ignorethe positiveand indispensablerole of the otheror overemphasizesome factorsand totallyexclude the others In fact therelationship of the two strategies is dialectic and wecan notsimply saywhich strategyis better Therefore thisthesis onlytries tocultivate adialectic attitudetowards thedomestification andforeignization disputeand focuses on thecriterion aordingto whicheach strategyis alternativelyselected fromculturalperspective The authorwould arguefor aview that the selectionofonestrategy orthe otheris madeon the cultural factorscontained inSL The bodyof thisthesismainlyconsists ofthree chapters At first the papermainly talksabout theimportance of culture intranslation andanalyses therelationship of translation language and culture The translation is importantforspreadingoverthe culture Then itintroducesthetwo translationstrategies Domestication andForeignization It introducesthe definition their theoreticalbasis and the influenceof factors全部字母大写 Arial 小四号 加粗 上空2行 下空1行 1 5倍行距 单独一页辽宁对外经贸学院本科毕业论文第2页in usingthetranslationprinciple such asthe purposeoftranslation translator intention and readeraeptance At last fromtheexample ofADreamofRedMansions whichtranslated byYang Xianyi the paperanalyses the culturalfactorsinvolvedintranslation and the methodof usingthe Domestication andForeignization In conclusion the writerclaims 1 Domestificationandforeignization areonly strategiesor toolsused bytranslators to realize culturalmunication No translatorsexploit onlyone withoutthe otherin their translation practice 2 Domestificationandforeignization aregradient standards that isto say they arescaled todifferent degrees and arenot exclusive The aim oftranslationoften determinesthe choiceor differentbination of these twostrategies Translators areto seeka balancebetweenthetwo extremesto achievetheir purposeor aimoftranslation 3 Cultural factorsare themain causesfor translatorsto employone ortheothertoreacha balancetorealizetheirtranslationgoals To introducenew andforeign thingsinto mothertongue needsmore foreignization while fornative readersto understandforeign cultureprefers moredomestication 小四号 Times NewRoman 行间距采用1 5倍行距辽宁对外经贸学院本科毕业论文第 3页Chapter OneLITERATURE REVIEWThe majorconflict betweendomestication andforeignization liesin howtodealwith the culturalelementsin thetext especially in the onewhere thereis alarge differencebetween source language cultureand target language culture As forcultural transformationintranslation we havetwo principleand strategies the onewith target language cultureoriented and the onewith source language cultureoriented 郭建中12 Domestication focuseson theneed oftarget languagereaders say the translatorshould givemore considerationto the target languagereaders cultural habits and getrid of the obstaclesin language andculturefor them 许建平20 while foreignizationfocusesonsource languagereaders habits andculture say the translatorshould try to remainand adaptto thewriting habitsof the author 许建平23 1 1Origin ofDomestication andForeignization TheGerman philosopherSchleiermacher thinks a realtranslator hasonly twoways togo leaving the reader inpeace asmuch aspossible and movingthe authortoward him leaving the author inpeace asmuch aspossible and movingthe readertoward him The firstone is called naturalizing method domestication and thesecond oneiscalled alienating method foreignization The twomethods areraised byVenuti inhis workThe Translator s Invisibilityin1995as twodifferent translationstrategies and thenare named domestication and foreignization Lefevere141 166 Though Schleiermacheradmits thetwotranslationstrategies bothhave theiradvantages he prefersand advocatesthe movingthe readertoward theauthor one foreignization He thinksthe translatormust chooseonemethodand applyit fromfirst tolast 1 2Representatives ofDomestication andForeignization In history ofdomesticationandforeignzation there havealways beenfierce disputesand typicalrepresentatives The representativeshold to their translatingstrategies stronglyand alsobring muchcontribution totranslating theories 一级标题全部字母大写 Arial 小四号 加粗 上空2行 下空1行文中引用采用MLA格式 英文为作者姓 页码 中文为作者姓 名 页码二级标题各词首字母必须大写 Arial 小四号 加粗 上 空1行 1 5倍行距 下不空行辽宁对外经贸学院本科毕业论文第4 页1 2 1Representative ofdomestication TheAmerican translation theorist EugeneNida isthe representative ofdomestication Nida s biggestcontribution totranslation theoriesis hisconcept of dynamic equivalence which meansthe equivalenteffects of the original work andthe translatedone say thereader of the translated workgets the same messagewith thereaderof the originalwork In hisopinion translation shouldbe expressednaturally andfreely and shouldtryto make thebehavior patternof source language integratedinto theculture oftargetlanguage In this translation concept readers arenot forcedto aeptthe patternof thesource languagefor understanding of themessage containedin it Nida159 The oppositeof dynamic equivalence is formal equivalence which emphasizesthe consistencein languagelevel The differencebetween dynamicequivalence andother translationstrategiesisthat itputs morefocus on readers understandingof the translated workbased onlocal culturethan theunderstandingof theculturalbackground of the originalwork 张勇 胡玲 Lots offactors ofthe originalwork likethe expressionof language and behaviorpattern areall transformedinto thosefamiliar toreaders ofthe translatedwork In this way readers couldeasily understandthe translatedwork withoutknowledge ofthecultureofthesourcelanguage In Nida s works the problemof reader s reactionis oftenmentioned In hisopinion the targetclients oftranslation arereaders andtheevaluation ofthe translatedwork shouldbe based onreaders reaction tothetranslatedwork andthe parisonof thisreaction with the potentialreaction oftheauthortotheoriginalwork 徐玉苏 1 2 2Represe ntative offoreignization TheAmerican scholarLaurence Venutiistherepresentativeofforeignization who esup withthe concept of anti translation He believesretaining thecultural differenceand strangenessofthesourcelanguagecan markthe boundaryofthemajor culturalvalues ofthe targetlanguage andavoid enforcedcultural domestication In foreignization the foreignness ofthesourcelanguagein styleor otheraspects isembodied intentionallyin thetargetlanguage 郭建中 In hisbook RethinkingTranslation 12 Venuti criticizesthe dominanttransparent translation strategy which triesto domesticatethe foreigntext andmake thetranslator辽宁对外经贸学院本科毕业论文第5页invisible inAnglo American culture and advocatesa resistanttranslation strategy 陈德鸿 张南峰 Inhisbook TheTranslator s Invisibility 95 Venuti putsfurther hisdiscussion onthe invisibilityofthetranslator causedby the transparent domesticating translationstrategy He concludesthat the morefluent thetranslation the moreinvisible thetranslator and presumably the morevisible thewriter ormeaning ofthe foreigntext 12 1 3Dispute betweenDomesticationandForeignization Theconflict betweendomesticationandforeignization asopposite translationstrategies can be regarded astheextension ofthe timeworncontroversy overliberal translation and literaltranslation But theextension israther poetic cultural andpolitical thanpure linguistic In thefirst part ofthe20th century there wasonce afierce disputeabout literaltranslation andliberal translationbetween scholars Contemporary disputeabout domesticationandforeignizationis actuallya kindof extensionofthediscussion 1 3 1Dispute overhistory Overhistory domestication seemsenjoys morepopularity thanforeignization anditwas themainstream in thetranslationfield lastcentury The reasonfor thisphenomenon iscritics andpublishers allcare moreabout thereadability ofthetranslatedwork Besides ordinary readersalso prefersimple andeasy translatedwork andthis inclinationis justin linewiththe development oftranslation study 1 3 2Dispute inrecentyearsHowever asthedevelopment andglobalization ofthe politics economy religion thedevelopmentof culture is inginto globalizationgradually andthepermeation andmunication betweendifferent culturesbee moreand morefrequent which leadsto agreat influencein thetranslationfieldand movesup acurrent offoreignization Many researchersexpress theiridea thatforeignizationis in essence cross cultural translation In thecurrent forumof internationaltranslation study the voiceofforeignizationseems muchlouder 三级及以下的标题第一个词的首字母必须大写 而其余 词的首字母 除了专有名词以外不必大写 Arial 小四号 加粗 三 级及以下标题上下不空行 章节标题行距1 5倍行距辽宁对外经贸学 院本科毕业论文第6页Chapter TwoTHE IMPORTANCEOF CULTUREIN TRANSLATIONA contrastivestudy ofcultural differencesin thetranslation issomething related to orincluded inculture studies So tostudy thedomestification andforeignization fromtheculturalperspective we shouldfirst of all makea surveyof relationship between language andculture and thatbetween translationandculture In thischapter the papermainly talksabouttheimportance of culture intranslation It analysesthe definition of cultureandtherelationship oftranslation language andcultural The papershows thatculture factoris importantfor translation 2 1Definition ofCulture Culture a plexbut elusiveconcept isthe most distinctivesingle attributeof ourspecies It isplex inthat it enpasses values social behaviors material artifactsand institutionalcreations asdiverse astool making bridal costume funerary rites farming social structures government systems art etc In short itenpassesalmost anythingthat isbasedonlearning andpassed onamong individuals Culture iselusive becausein practiceit isvery difficultto define It mayrefer to all thethings thathuman beingsacquire through learning asthey proceedthrough life It canand doeschange regularly Cultural behaviorsalso varygreatly amongindividuals in the samesociety Translation probably asthe ultimatepurposeofforeign languageacquisition copes withlanguage Language iscorrelated with culture Translation therefore has todo withculture However the term culture may bringup moreproblems thanit cansolve The termculture though usuallytaken forgranted is atthesametime anambiguous andintriguing conceptand isnot easilydefined There isreally verylittle agreementontheconceptofit It isone ofthe fewwords whichare themost difficultto define In effect there have appeared manyand variousdefinitions of culture As earlyas in1952 Krorber andKluckhohn listed164definitions of culture that they foundintheanthropology literature Later onmore definitions辽宁对外经贸学院本科毕业论文第7页haveappearedso thatthe numberof definitionofculturewill surelyexceed to164by alarge margin This isbecause fromdifferent perspectives people usuallyput forwarddefinitions Aording toEdward Sapir the word culture is usedin threemain senses first of all culture istechnically usedby theethnologist andculture historian toembody anysocially inheritedelement inthe lifeof man material andspiritual The secondapplication ofthe termrefers toa ratherconventional idealof individualrefinement builtup ona certainmodicum of assimilated knowledgeand experiencebut madeup chieflyof aset oftypical reactionsthat havethe sanctionof aclass andofatradition oflong standing It issimply thecultivation ofan individual Cultureinthe third