国贸双语第3章品质ppt课件.ppt

ChapterThreeQualityofCommodity第三章商品品质 1 LearningObjectives AfterlearningthisChapter youwillbeableto 1 Knowabouttheimportanceofthenameofcommodity 2 Mastervariousrepresentationqualitymethods 3 Masterqualityclauseofsalescontract 2 Lead in导入 3 Case1 Question inthissituation doesthebuyerholdtherepudiationrights Why 问题 在上述情况下 买方有无拒付的权利 为什么 OneChinesecompanyexportedacontractofgradeBpeanutstoaforeigncountryimporter Whenthesellerwasworkingonthedeliveryofthegoods hefoundthatthegradeBpeanutswereoutofstock Withoutpriorconsentofthebuyer thesellerdeliveredthegradeApeanutsinsteadofgradeBpeanutsandstatedontheinvoice GradeApeanuts priceisthesame whilethebuyerrefusedtheconsignment 4 我国某公司向某国出口花生一批 合同规定为B级花生 卖方交货时发现B级花生无货 中国公司在未征得买方同意的情况下 用A级花生代替了B级花生并在发票上注明 A级花生 价格照旧 货运抵买方后 遭买方拒绝 案例1 5 Possibaleanswer Thebuyerhastherighttorefusetopay ThisisbecausebothsidesconfirmedthegradeBpeanutswhensigningthecontract whichholdsalegaleffect Ifthesellergetsthebuyer sconsent hecanchangethepeanutsgrade Sothebuyerhasthepowertorefusetopay Possibleanswer 6 答案 中文 回答 买方有权利拒付 因为在双方签订合同时已经确定了是B级花生 合同是有法律效应的 卖方在征得买方的同意的情况下 才可以改变花生的等级 所以买方有权利拒付 7 theChapterThree ContentsofQualityofCommodity第三章商品品质目录 1 Nameofcommodity商品品名2 StipulatingMethodsofCommodityQuality商品的品质表示方法 重点 3 QualityClausesofinternatioanltradeinaSalesContract合同中的品质条款 重点 4 Assignment作业 8 1 Nameofcommodity商品的品名 NameofCommodity itisanaddressorconceptofsomecommodity isalsocallednameclause Thenameoftheproduct toacertainextent reflectsthenaturalattributeofcommodity aswellasthemainperformancecharacteristics Thenameusuallyalsorepresentsthequalitywhichthegoodsshouldhaveandistheessentialmainconditionsininternationaltradeofasalescontract 9 商品品名 它是某种商品区别于其他商品的一种称呼或概念 商品的名称在一定程度上体现了商品的自然属性 用途以及主要的性能特征 品名也代表了商品通常应具有的品质 是合同中不可缺少的主要交易条件 10 Asthefollowingnaming 1 Withitsmainusenaming travelshoes insecticide bicycle 2 itsmainrawmaterialsusedinnaming sweater glass 3 Withitsmaincomponents Name Americanginsengroyaljelly aloecream 4 Withtheappearanceofnaming redbean taperedrollerbearing 5 Thecommendatorytermnaming Youthtreasure robustfruitmilk 6 Thecharactername wineofHomeKongFu KongYijifennel 7 Processfortheproductionofnaming Erguotou refinedoil 11 如以下命名方式 1 以其主要用途命名 旅游鞋 杀虫剂 自行车 2 以其所使用的主要原材料命名 羊毛衫 玻璃杯 3 以其主要成分命名 西洋参蜂皇浆 芦荟乳霜 4 以其外观造型命名 赤豆 圆锥滚子轴承 5 以其褒义词命名 青春宝 乐百氏果奶 6 以人物名字命名 孔府家酒 孔乙己茴香 7 以制作工艺命名 二锅头 精制油 12 SignificanceofStipulatingtheNameofCommodity列明品名的意义 1 Fromtheperspectiveoflaw stipulateinthecontractthatthesubjectmatterofthespecificname relationshiptoboththetransferofgoodswithrespecttotherightsandobligationsofacontractforthesale isthemaintradingconditions 从法律的角度看 在合同中规定标的物的具体名称 关系到买卖双方交接货物方面的权利和义务 是买卖合同的主要交易条件 13 2 Fromabusinesspointofview thenameordescriptionoftherulesareboththesubstanceofthetransaction whichisthefoundationandprecondition 从业务的角度看 品名或说明的规定是双方交易的物质内容 是交易赖以进行的物质基础和前提条件 14 3 Goodnameofcommoditycangeneralizethecharacteristicsofgoods withthepurchaseofconsumerpsychology butalsocanenhancetheconsumer spurchasedesire 好的商品名称既能概括商品的特性 符合购买者的消费心理 又能增进消费者的购买欲望 15 CommodityNameClauseinaSalesContract合同中的品名条款 1 Makearealisticstipulationbasedonthegoods avoidexaggerationaboutthecommodity 针对实际做出实事求是的规定 对商品的品名不要做夸大的宣传 2 Inthedescriptionofcommodityclauseofthesalescontract thestipulationofthecommoditymustbepreciseandspecific 在签订买卖合同的品名条款时 对品名必须明确 具体 16 CommodityNameClauseinaSalesContract合同中的品名条款 3 Inthecontract itshouldbepossibletousetheinternationalcommonname Internationalinordertothestatisticofcommoditytaxationisthecommonclassificationcriteria theCustomsCooperationCouncilchairedmade harmonizedcommoditydescriptionandcodingsystem TheHarmonizedCommodityDescriptionandCodingSystem H Scodingsystem ThesystemwasformallyimplementedinJanuary1 1988 ChinainJanuary1 1992usingthesystem thepreparationofChinaCustomsstatistics theGSPtreatment accordingtoH S Therefore ourcountryinthenameofcommodity shouldbewithH S Setnamesuit Ifthesellerdeliversthegoodsdonotconformwiththecontractnameordescription thebuysidehasrighttorejectthegoods andaskedtoputinaclaimfordamages 17 在合同中 应尽可能使用国际上通用的名称 国际上为了便于对商品的统计征税时有共同的分类标准 海关合作理事会主持制定了 协调商品名称及编码制度 TheHarmonizedCommodityDescriptionandCodingSystem 简称H S 编码制度 该制度于1988年1月1日起正式实施 我国于1992年1月1日起采用该制度 目前各国的海关统计 普惠制待遇等都按H S 进行 所以 我国在采用商品名称时 应与H S 规定的品名相适应 如果卖方交付的货物不符合合同规定的品名或说明 则买方有权拒收货物 并要求提出损害赔偿 18 2 StipulatingMethodsofCommodityQuality商品的品质表示方法 Thequalityofgoodsistheintegrationofintrinsicandtheouterformsorshapesofgoods Intrinsicattributesincludeschemical physical mechanicalpropertiesandbiologicalstructure theouterformsorshapesofgoodsincludesshape color transparency orstyleofthegoods 19 MethodsofStipulatingQualityofCommodity商品品质的表示方法 20 1 SalebyPhysicalCommodity以实物表示商品的品质 21 1 1SalesbySample凭样品买卖Thesamplereferstothearticlewhichcanbeusedtorepresentthequalityofthewholelot Inmerchandising asampleisasmallquantityofaproduct oftentakenoutfromawholelotorspeciallydesignedandprocessed thatisgiventoencouragecustomerstobuytheproduct 样本怎么来的 22 Salebysampleincludes3types 1 Salesbytheseller ssample2 Salesbythebuyer ssample3 Thecountersample 23 SalebySeller sSampleswhichareusuallysentbythesellertothebuyer alsocalledoriginalsample Thesellerprovidecanrepresentthewholebatchofdeliveryqualityofsmallobjects namely arepresentativesample Andatthesametimekeepacopyorcopiesofthesamesample thesampleiscalled duplicate Thesamplesentandtheduplicatesample filesamplekeptshouldbethesamearticlenumbersoastomakeitconvenientfordelivery verificationwhenhandlingqualityorfuturetransactions 24 凭卖方样品是指由卖方向买方提供货物的样品 即原样 卖方所提供的能代表整批交货品质的少量实物 即为 代表性样品 同时 卖方应留存一份或数份同样的样品 该样品称为 复样 一般来说 发出的样品和复样具有相同的编号 以备交货或处理品质纠纷时作核对之用 25 Salebybuyer ssampleisdefinedbyBuyer ssampleconsultationtransactionandcontract andbyBuyer ssampledeliveryqualityasbasis alsoknownas samplecontract 凭买方样品买卖是指凭买方提供的样品磋商交易和订立的合同 并以买方样品作为交货品质的依据 也称 来样成交 26 Acountersampleisaduplicatemadebytheselleraccordingtothesampleprovidedbybuyer Aftertheconfirmationofthebuyer thesamplewillserveasthebasisofthetransactionanddelivery Acountersampleisalsocalledareturnsample Actually countersampleisatransferfromsalebybuyer ssampletosalebyseller ssample Whenatransactionismadebasedonthesample thesellershouldkeeponeormoreequivalentsamplesforfile whicharecalledduplicatesamples 27 卖方根据买方提供的样品 加工自制一个类似的样品交买方确认 在买方确认后 这一样品就作为成交和交货的依据 称之为对等样品 也叫回样 实际上是把凭买方样品买卖 转化为凭卖方样品的买卖 根据样品成交的交易 卖方应留存一个或一个以上的样品备案 即复样 28 1 2Salebyinspection看货买卖Tradingunderthisterm thebuyerinspectsthegoodsonthespot Forinstance varioustradefairs transactionandconsignmentofbulkagriculturalby productsandheavymachinery auction exhibition etc现场实际看货成交 如各种展销会以及大宗农副产品 大型机器设备的交易和寄售 拍卖 展卖等贸易方式都属于看货成交 29 2 SalebyDescription以文字说明表示商品的品质 30 2 1SalebySpecification凭规格买卖Byspecificationofgoods goodsthatreflectthequalityofsomemainindicators Suchascomposition content purity performance thickness length Salebyspecificationismoreconvenient accurate canalsobeadjustedaccordingtodifferentapplications sothismethodiswidelyusedininternationaltrade TypicalCaseLink1 31 凭商品规格 即反映商品品质的一些主要指标 如成分 含量 纯度 性能 长短 粗细 凭规格买卖比较方便 准确 还可以根据不同用途予以调整 故这种方法在国际贸易中广为运用 典型链接1 32 OneChineseforeigntradeexportcompanyAexportedtoGermancompanyBabatchofmarijuana Inthecontractitwasstipulatedthatthewatershouldnotexceed15 impuritynotmorethan3 Beforethedeal companyAsentthesampletothecustomerandafterthecontractCompanyAadvised thesampleissimilartothegoods AfterthearrivalofthegoodsinGermany thebuyerBshowedtheinspectioncertification readingthegoodsqualitywas7 inferiortothequalityofthesample thereforethebuyerclaimedfor600poundsofcompensation CompanyArefusedthecompensationandstateditsreasonbysayingthatthemerchandiseondeliverywasselectedbecausewhileproducing itwasnotpossibleforthegoodstobemadeexactlylikethesample Butitwasalsonotsofaraslowerthanthesample squalityby7 TypicalCaseLink1 33 中国A外贸公司向德国B公司出口大麻一批 合同规定水分最高15 杂质不超过3 但在成交前 中国公司曾向对方寄过样品 合同订立后又电告对方 成交货物与样品相似 货到德国后 买方出具了货物品质比样品低7 的检验证明 并要求赔偿600英镑的损失 中国公司拒绝赔偿 并陈述理由说 该方商品在交货时是经过挑选的 因为是农产品 不可能做到与样品完全相符 但也不至于比样品低7 34 WhatmistakesarethereintheChinesecompanyA 问题 中方公司的失误在哪里 CanCompanyAjustturnablindeyeandignoreitbysayingthatthedealisnotbythesample 问题 是否可以该商品并非凭样成交为由而不予理赔 Question Question 35 It sbeneficialforthesellertoavoidthedoublecommitmentbybothspecificationandsamplesasforthequalityofthegoods Althoughthesellertoldtheothersidethatthegoodsweresimilartothatofthesample meaningnotcompletelyconsistent thebuyerreservedtherighttoclaimforcompensation Thebuyershowedthecertificateof7 lowerthanthesampleinquality althoughit snottrue thesellerwasunabletoshowtheretainedsamplesoheshallcompensate600poundstothebuyer Answer TypicalCaseLink1 典例链接1 36 回答 卖方避免对交易货物的品质承担双重担保义务 既凭规格又凭样品 虽卖方电文中告诉对方货物与样品相似 而不是完全相符 但买方有权保留索赔的权利 买方出具品质比样品低7 的证明 虽不符合实情 但卖方也拿不出留存样品 故要赔偿600英镑 37 Forexample FreshHenEggs shelllightbrownandclean everyinsizeGradeAA 60 65gmpereggGradeA 55 60gmpereggGradeB 50 55gmpereggGradeC 45 50gmpereggGradeD 40 45gmpereggGradeF 35 40gmperegg 2 2SalebyGrade凭等级买卖Salebygrade bestinqualityintermsoftheprovisionsofeachgradespecifications 38 2 3SalebyStandard凭标准买卖Thestandardisthegovernmentagencyorthebusinesscommunitytosomegoodsunifiedspecificationsorgrades andtothepublic specificcorporatestandards groupstandards nationalstandards regionalstandardsorinternationalstandards 标准是政府机关或商业团体对某一些商品统一其规格或等级 并予以公布 具体有企业标准 团体标准 国家标准 区域标准或国际标准 39 Inaddition ininternationaltrade onsomequalitychangesgreatly andthescientificmethoddoesnot difficulttoestablishuniformstandards suchasagriculturalandsidelineproducts hasthefollowingtwokindsofstandard 另外 在国际贸易中 对一些品质变化较大 不能和科学方法确实 难确定统一标准 如农副产品 有以下两种标准 40 A Fairaveragequality FAQ istheinternationalmarketofagriculturalby productsstandard Theagriculturalproductofeachproductionyearintermediategoods oraquarterorashipmentinplaceofasinglecommodity averagequality Forexample ChineseGroundnut 1994crop FAQMoisture max 13 Admixture max 5 OilContent min 44 41 A 良好平均品质俗称大路货 是国际农副产品市场上通用标准 即农产品的每个生产年度的中等货 或某一季度或某装船月份在发运地的同一种商品的 平均品质 如 中国花生仁 1994年产 大路货水分 最高13 杂质 最高5 含油量 最低44 42 B GoodMerchantablequality G M Q Forthetradingofwoodandaquaticproducts GMQisemployedtoindicatethequality GMQmeansthegoodsisfreefromdefectsandisgoodenoughforuseorconsumption GMQisusuallynotsupplementwithspecificationandwhendisputesarisebecauseofthequalityofthegoods exporterswillhavetobeinvitedtomakethearbitration 43 B 上等可销品质也称 精选货 在买卖木材和水产品时 可以采用 凭上等可销品质 方式 凭上等可销品质 是指卖方必须保证其交付的货物品质良好 合乎商销 而无须以其他方式证明商品的品质 但如果出现纠纷时 卖方卷入纠纷的仲裁 44 2 4SalebyDescriptionandIllustration凭说明书和图表买卖 Aimingatthecomplexstructure thematerialsanddesignrequirementsareverystrict illustrateitsperformanceoflargenumbersofsomegoods suchasmachinery electrical instrumentation Salebydescriptionandillustration generallyrequireavendorqualityassurancetermsandtechnicaltermsofservice 45 针对结构复杂 材料和设计的要求非常严格 说明其性能的数量较多的一些商品 如机器 电器 仪表等 凭说明书和图表买卖时 一般需订立卖方品质保证条款和技术服务条款 46 2 5SalebyTradeMarkorBrand凭商标或牌号买卖 Tradebrandname Brand referstothemanufacturerorselleroftheproductionorsaleofcommoditybrands alsoknownasbrand Trademark TradeMark isabrandofpatterned isaspecificcommoditysign Trademarksandtrademarkbytrademarklawprotection 47 48 2 6SalesbyOrigin凭产地名称买卖 Owingtosomespecialfactorslikenaturalconditionsandtraditionalproductiontechniquesincertainareas thenativeproductsarerenownedfortheiruniquespecialtyinquality SowecantaketheoriginofthegoodsascharacteristicofthecommoditywhenstipulatingthequalityofgoodssuchasFrancePerfume GermanBeer ChinaNortheastRice 49 50 3 QualityClausesinSalesContract合同中的品质条款 Becausequalityclauseisoneoftheessentialtermsandconditionsinacontract abreachofcontractbythesellerwillleadtoaveryseriousconsequence Inordertofacilitatethebuyer sperformanceofthecontract certaintoleranceisallowedincommodityquality Inthequalityclauseconcerningbyproducts qualitytoleranceisstipulated andastomanufacturedgoods theconceptofqualitytoleranceisapplied 51 因为品质条款合同的要件条款 如果卖方违约将产生十分严重的后果 为了便于卖方履约要给予卖方在品质掌握上一定的宽容度 对于农副产品在品质条款中规定品质机动幅度 对于工业制成品采用品质公差的概念 52 1 QualityScopes品质机动幅度 Aboutthequalityofsomeunstablesomeprimaryproducts bulkagriculturalby products metalsandminerals whichisallowedinthequalityclausetoallowsomeflexibilityinthequalityindicatorswithinacertainrange 对一些质量不甚稳定的某些初级产品 大宗农副产品 五金矿产品 允许卖方所交货物的品质指标在一定幅度内有灵活性 53 QualityScopes品质机动幅度 Thereareseveralordermethod 有以下几种订法 1 Tostipulateacertainscope suchasS 0 5 0 6 0 5 0 6 规定范围 如S 0 5 0 6 0 5 0 6 2 Tostipulate max or min suchasthehighest largest Max 0 5 thelowest minimum Min 0 6 规定极限 最高 最大 Max 0 5 最低 最小 Min 0 6 3 Tostipulatemoreorlessallowance e g downcontentofdowngarment 16 1 规定上 下差异 羽绒含绒量16 1 1 54 QualityTolerance品质公差 Itisthetolerancethatisrecognizedinternationally whichisindustrialmanufacturedgoodsintheprocessoftheerror theerrorofexistenceisabsolute someareduetothelimitoftechnologicallevelandproductionlevel Theseerrorsareallowedbythesameindustry Thisisqualitytolerancegiventotheseller sdelivery Withintherangeoftolerance seller sdeliveredgoodsarequalified thebuyercanneitherrejectthegoods requireadjustmenttothepricenorrequirereturninggoodsandcompensation TypicalCaseLink2 55 品质公差是国际上公认的产品品质的允许误差 品质公差是工业制成品在加工过程中所产生的误差 这种误差的存在是绝对的 其大小是由科技水平 生产力水平所限 是同行业公认允许的误差 这是给卖方交货的宽容度 只要在品质公差范围内 卖方的交货都是合法的 买方不得拒绝接受 不得要求调整价格 也不得要求退货和赔偿 典型链接2 56 InOctober 2007 acompanyofHongKongplacedanorderof5000metrictonsofironmanholecoverwithabusinessenterpriseinmainlandonanFOBbasis thetotalamountofthecontractwasUSD3 05million approximatelyRMB22 9million Goodsproductionwassubjecttothedrawingssuppliedbythebuyer Thiscontractprovisionstipulated Thequalityofcastingsurfaceshouldbesmooth nocastingcracks porosity andshouldnothaveblisters shrinkage slagandotherdefects 1 Within10dayssincethecontracting thesellershallgivethebuyeraboutRMB250000asthe anti deposit whichwillbereturnedwithinfivedaysafterthefirstshipment 2 Beforeshipment thesellershouldnotifythebuyertocometotheproductionsitetodosampleinspectionandsignthequalityqualificationconfirm