初中英语-复合句

初二常规班 杨静老师 初中英语语法初中英语语法 复合句复合句 本部分内容是中考中必考及常考考点 考点详解 从句的概念 一个句子在另一个句子中充当成分 充当什么成分就做什么状语 1 宾语从句宾语从句 1 宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句是陈述句时 常用 that 引导 that 无意义 在口语中和非正式与中常省略 如 The teacher tells us that we will have an English test tomorrow 如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来 其引导词用 if 或 whether 一般情况下 二者 可以通用 但从句中有 or not 或从句充当介词的宾语时 只用 whether 如 I don t know if whether she will come here Sorry I don t know whether he will come or not 宾语从句是特殊疑问词时 引导词就是特殊疑问词 如 Could you tell me where the post office is The teacher asked the students what they were doing 2 宾语从句的时态 主句的时态是一般现在时 从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时 态 如 Do you know who was talking with at 8 o clock last night 主句的时态为一般过去时 从句的谓语动词要用相应的某一过去时态 如 He told me that he had been to England twice 从句表示的是客观真理 普遍现象 自然现象时 从句的时态一律使用一般现在时 如 She said the sun rises in the east 3 宾语从句的语序 在含有宾语从句的复合句中 宾语从句要使用陈述句语序 引导词 主语 谓语 其他 如 初二常规班 杨静老师 I want to know when the train left 由 do does did 构成的疑问句 在装换成宾语从句时 要去电 do does did 且从句中的谓 语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化 如 Does he sing well The music teacher asked him The music teacher asked him if whether he sang well 如果是 will be have can 组成的疑问句 在变为宾语从句时 要把这些词还原到谓语 位置上 并根据主句的时态作相应的变化 如 Will you be free tomorrow She asked me She asked me if whether I would be free tomorrow 4 宾语从句的简化 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同时 且主句的谓语动词时 hope wish decide agree choose 等时 从句可以简化为不定式 I hope that I can receive your e mail I hope to receive you e mail 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同 且主句的谓语动词是 know remember forget learn 等时 从句可简化为 疑问句 不定式 She doesn t know what she should do next She doesn t know what to do next 5 否定转移 在主从复合句中 当主句的主语为第一人称时 谓语动词时 think believe suppose 等时 要将从句的否定词转移到主句中 即主句的谓语动词用否定形式 而从句的谓语动词用肯 定形式 I don t think he will come with you 初二常规班 杨静老师 2 状语从句状语从句 类型引导连词例句 时间 状语 从句 when while as before after since until as soon as You didn t look very when you got up this morning 条件 状语 从句 if as long as unlessI ll stay at home if it rains tomorrow 原因 状语 从句 because since as for You can t go there alone because you are too young 目的 状语 从句 So that in order that Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it 结果 状语 从句 so that such that It s so hot that we want to go swimming 让步 状语 从句 though although even if whenever Even though he is eighty the man looks strong and healthy 比较 状语 从句 than as as not as so asHe runs as fast as Mike 时间状语从句时间状语从句 1 当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句 表示将来的意义时 从句通常用一般将 来时 简称 主将从现 如 I ll ring you as soon as I get up 2 when 引导的时间状语从句 通常表示主句和从句的动作同时发生 before 表示主句的动作发生在从句之前 after 则表示主句的动作发生在从句之后 as 引导的时间状语从句 往往表示主句和从句的动作同时发生 不分先后 3 until 和 till 引导的时间状语从句 1 主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时 主句用肯定形式 表示这一动作或状 态一直延续到 until till 所表示的时间为止 如 I ll wait for you till you come to see me 初二常规班 杨静老师 2 主句的谓语动词时非延续性动词时 用否定形式表示主句的动作直到 until 所表示的时间才发生 构成句式 not until 有时不用 not 而用其他如 never nothing 等表示否定意义的词 如 I didn t go to bed until I finished my homework 4 since 引导的时间状语从句 表示 自 以来 主句用一般现在时或现在完 成时 从句用一般过去时 机构为 It has been since 从句 It is since 从句 如 I have worked in this school since I graduated from Beijing University It is 10 years since I began to study English 条件状语从句条件状语从句 1 主句为一般将来时 从句用一般现在时 如 I ll visit the Great Wall if it doesn t rain tomorrow 2 如果 if 引导的条件状语从句所表示的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行 从句要用现在完成时或进行时 主句通常用将来时 如 We will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it 3 祈使句 and or 陈述句 中 祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句 如 Use your head and you ll find a way If you use your head you ll find a way 原因状语从句原因状语从句 1 原因状语从句通常用 because since as 引导 这三个词所表示的语气依次 减弱 用 why 提问用 because 来回答 如 I did that because she told me 2 如果状语从句所表示的原因是人们已知的事实 就要用 since 而不用 as 或 because Since 在这里的意思是 既然 如 初二常规班 杨静老师 Since you can t answer the question you can ask someone for help 目的状语从句目的状语从句 1 引导目的状语从句的词或词组有 so that in order that 等 谓语中常含有 may might can could will would 等情态动词 如 He must get up early so that he can go to work on time 2 当从句主语与主句主语一致时 可用 so as to in order to 如 He worked day and night in order that he could succeed He worked day and night in order to succeed 结果状语从句结果状语从句 1 由 so that such that 引导 其区别 1 So adj adv that 2 Such a an adj 单数名词 that 3 Such adj 复数名词 that 4 Such adj 不可数名词 that 5 So adj a an 单数名词 that 当名词前有 many 或 much 修饰时 用 so 而不用 such 如 She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much We have so much time that we can finish the work very well 2 so that 句型的否定形式可用简单句 too to 或 not enough to 代替 The peach is so sour that we can t eat it The peach is too sour to eat The peach is not sweet enough to eat 初二常规班 杨静老师 3 定语从句定语从句 含有定语从句的复合句的基本结构 先行词 关系词 定语从句 定语从句的关 系词的作用 关系词作用 先行 词 例句 that who whom 主语 宾语 人The foreigner who speaks good Chinese is from Canada that which 主语 宾语 物I wanted to know which school it was you went to whose宾语 人 物 We don t like the boy whose father is a manager when状语时间I still remember the day when you left for Beijing where状语地点This is where my mother works why状语原因Could you explain the reason why you were late 关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 一般情况下 that 既可指人又可指物 可以代替 who whom 和 which 在从句 中作主语 表语或谓语动词的宾语 但不能放于介词后 作介词的宾语 which 指物 在从句中作主语 表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语 who 在从句中作主语 表语或宾语 whom 在从句中宾语 whose 在从句中作定语 如 A doctor is a person who looks after people s health 先行词 主语 谓语 宾语 定语从句修饰先行词 Who 时关系代词 在丁定语从句中作主语 下列情况中 先行词指物时 只能用下列情况中 先行词指物时 只能用 that 引导 不能用引导 不能用 which 1 先行词时 all little much none everything nothing 等不定代词时 Is there anything that you don t understand Tom told his mother all that had happened 2 当先行词有 the only the very the last 等修饰时 This is the only book that I can find 3 当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时 This is the best book that I have ever read 4 当先行词有 only all any 修饰时 初二常规班 杨静老师 I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun 5 当主句是以疑问句 which 开