侵权法(中英文对照)

中华人民共和国侵权 责任法 Tort Law of the People s Republic of China English version中文版中文版 发文日期 2009 年 12 月 26 日 有效范围 全国 发文机关 全国人 民代表大会常务委 员会 文号 中华人民共 和国主席令第 21 号 时效性 现行有效 生效日期 2010 年 07 月 01 日 所属分类 侵权 民法 侵权 Promulgation date 12 26 2009 Effective region NATIONAL Promulgator Standing Committee of the National People s Congress Document no Order of the President of the People s Republic of China No 21 Effectiveness Effective Effective date 07 01 2010 Category Tort Civil Law Tort 全文 全文 Full text 中华人民共和国侵权责 任法 Tort Law of the People s Republic of China 中华人民共和国主席令 第 21 号 Order of the President of the People s Republic of China No 21 2009 年 12 月 26 日December 26 2009 中华人民共和国 侵权责任法 已由中华 The Tort Law of the People s Republic of China adopted at the 12th session of the Standing Committee of the 人民共和国第十一届全 国人民代表大会常务委 员会第十二次会议于 2009 年 12 月 26 日通 过 现予公布 自 2010 年 7 月 1 日起施 行 11th National People s Congress of the People s Republic of China on December 26 2009 is hereby promulgated and shall come into effect on July 1 2010 中华人民共和国主 席 胡锦涛 President of the People s Republic of China Hu Jintao 中华人民共和国侵 权责任法 Tort Law of the People s Republic of China 2009 年 12 月 26 日第十一届全国人民 代表大会常务委员会第 十二次会议通过 Adopted at the 12th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People s Congress of the People s Republic of China on December 26 2009 目录 第一章 一般规定 第二章 责任构成和 责任方式 第三章 不承担责任 和减轻责任的情形 第四章 关于责任主 体的特殊规定 第五章 产品责任 第六章 机动车交通 事故责任 第七章 医疗损害责 任 Contents Chapter I General Provisions Chapter II Constitutive Requirements of Liability and Methods for Assuming Liability Chapter III Circumstances under which Liability Is Waived or Mitigated Chapter IV Special Provisions on Liable Parties Chapter V Product Liability Chapter VI Automobile Traffic Accident Liability Chapter VII Medical Malpractice Liability Chapter VIII Environmental Pollution Liability Chapter IX High Risk Operation Liability Chapter X Liability for Damage Caused by Domesticated Animals 第八章 环境污染责 任 第九章 高度危险责 任 第十章 饲养动物损 害责任 第十一章 物件损害 责任 第十二章 附则 Chapter XI Liability for Damage Caused by Objects Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions 第一章 一般规定Chapter I General Provisions 第一条 为保护民事 主体的合法权益 明确 侵权责任 预防并制裁 侵权行为 促进社会和 谐稳定 制定本法 Article 1 This Law is formulated with a view to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of civil parties determining liability for torts preventing and penalizing tortious acts and promoting social harmony and stability 第二条 侵害民事权 益 应当依照本法承担 侵权责任 本法所称民事权益 包括生命权 健康权 姓名权 名誉权 荣誉 权 肖像权 隐私权 婚姻自主权 监护权 所有权 用益物权 担 保物权 著作权 专利 权 商标专用权 发现 权 股权 继承权等人 身 财产权益 Article 2 Whoever infringes on the civil rights and interests of others shall be liable for the tortious acts in accordance with this Law For the purpose of this Law civil rights and interests shall include personal and property rights and interests such as the right to life the right to health rights associated with names reputational rights honorary rights the right to one s image the right to privacy the right to marital autonomy the right to guardianship ownership usufruct security interests copyrights patent rights exclusive rights to use trademarks discovery rights equities right of succession etc 第三条 被侵权人有 权请求侵权人承担侵权 责任 Article 3 Parties whose rights are infringed upon shall be entitled to request the infringing parties be held liable for torts 第四条 侵权人因同 一行为应当承担行政责 任或者刑事责任的 不 影响依法承担侵权责任 因同一行为应当承 担侵权责任和行政责任 刑事责任 侵权人的财 产不足以支付的 先承 担侵权责任 Article 4 The assumption of administrative or criminal liability by an infringing party for the same act shall not prejudice its assumption of tortious liability in accordance with the law Where an infringing party bears tort liability administrative liability and criminal liability for the same act but has insufficient assets to meet all claims made in relation thereto it shall first assume the tortious liability 第五条 其他法律对 侵权责任另有特别规定 的 依照其规定 Article 5 Special provisions if any prescribed by other laws on tort liability shall prevail 第二章 责任构成和 责任方式 Chapter II Constitutive Requirements of Liability and Methods for Assuming Liability 第六条 行为人因过 错侵害他人民事权益 应当承担侵权责任 根据法律规定推定 行为人有过错 行为人 不能证明自己没有过错 的 应当承担侵权责任 Article 6 Whoever is at fault in infringing upon another party s civil rights and interests shall bear tort liability Whoever is presumed to be at fault by law and is unable to prove otherwise shall bear tort liability 第七条 行为人损害 他人民事权益 不论行 为人有无过错 法律规 定应当承担侵权责任的 依照其规定 Article 7 Whoever infringes upon another party s civil rights and interests and shall bear tort liability by law regardless of whether it is at fault shall be subject to such provisions 第八条 二人以上共 同实施侵权行为 造成 他人损害的 应当承担 连带责任 Article 8 Two or more parties whose joint infringement causes damage to another party shall be jointly and severally liable 第九条 教唆 帮助 他人实施侵权行为的 应当与行为人承担连带 责任 教唆 帮助无民事 行为能力人 限制民事 行为能力人实施侵权行 为的 应当承担侵权责 任 该无民事行为能力 人 限制民事行为能力 人的监护人未尽到监护 责任的 应当承担相应 的责任 Article 9 Whoever incites or assists another party to carry out tortious conducts shall be jointly and severally liable with the latter party Whoever incites or assists a party who lacks or has limited civil capacity to carry out tortious conducts shall bear tort liability The guardian of the party who lacks or has limited civil capacity shall bear corresponding liability if he she fails to fulfill the duties as a guardian 第十条 二人以上实Article 10 Where two or more people engage in a 施危及他人人身 财产 安全的行为 其中一人 或者数人的行为造成他 人损害 能够确定具体 侵权人的 由侵权人承 担责任 不能确定具体 侵权人的 行为人承担 连带责任 conduct that endangers another person s personal or property safety and the conduct of one or more people causes damage to that person if the specific infringing party can be determined the infringing party shall be liable otherwise all persons involved shall be jointly and severally liable 第十一条 二人以上 分别实施侵权行为造成 同一损害 每个人的侵 权行为都足以造成全部 损害的 行为人承担连 带责任 Article 11 Where two or more people respectively carry out tortious acts that cause the same damage and the tortious acts of each person are capable of causing the entire damage sustained all persons involved shall be jointly and severally liable 第十二条 二人以上 分别实施侵权行为造成 同一损害 能够确定责 任大小的 各自承担相 应的责任 难以确定责 任大小的 平均承担赔 偿责任 Article 12 Where two or more people respectively engage in tortious acts that cause the same damage and the extent to which each person is liable can be determined the infringing parties shall respectively bear the corresponding liability in the event that it is difficult to determine the extent to which each person is liable the infringing parties shall be liable to pay an equal amount of compensation 第十三条 法律规定 承担连带责任的 被侵 权人有权请求部分或者 全部连带责任人承担责 任 Article 13 Where the law provides that joint and several liability shall be assumed a party whose rights are infringed upon shall be entitled to claim liability in whole or in part against all parties jointly and severally liable 第十四条 连带责任 人根据各自责任大小确 定相应的赔偿数额 难 以确定责任大小的 平 均承担赔偿责任 支付超出自己赔偿 数额的连带责任人 有 权向其他连带责任人追 偿 Article 14 The amount of compensation to be paid by the parties jointly and severally liable shall be determined according to the extent of their respective liability where the extent of their respective liability is difficult to determine such parties shall be liable to pay an equal amount of compensation A party jointly and severally liable who pays compensation of more than the amount for which it is liable shall be entitled to recover from other parties jointly and severally liable 第十五条 承担侵权 责任的方式主要有 一 停止侵害 二 排除妨碍 三 消除危险 四 返还财产 五 恢复原状 六 赔偿损失 七 赔礼道歉 八 消除影响 恢复名誉 以上承担侵权责任 的方式 可以单独适用 也可以合并适用 Article 15 The principal methods by which tort liability shall be borne are 1 Cessation of infringement 2 Removal of obstruction 3 Elimination of danger 4 Return of property 5 Restoration to the original state 6 Compensation for losses 7 Apology and 8 Elimination of adverse impacts and restoration of reputation The above methods may be applied independently or concurrently 第十六条 侵害他人 造成人身损害的 应当 赔偿医疗费 护理费 交通费等为治疗和康复 支出的合理费用 以及 因误工减少的收入 造 成残疾的 还应当赔偿 Article 16 Whoever harms another person and causes bodily injury shall compensate for all reasonable expenses incurred for treatment and recovery such as medical expenses nursing expenses and transportation expenses as well as the incomes lost due to absence from work where the victim suffers from disability the infringing party shall pay for the fees for daily living 残疾生活辅助具费和残 疾赔偿金 造成死亡的 还应当赔偿丧葬费和死 亡赔偿金 assistive devices and disability allowance where the infringing party s conduct results in death it shall pay all funeral expenses and death compensation 第十七条 因同一侵 权行为造成多人死亡的 可以以相同数额确定死 亡赔偿金 Article 17 Where the same tortious act causes more than one person to die the amount of death compensation payable may be the same 第十八条 被侵权人 死亡的 其近亲属有权 请求侵权人承担侵权责 任 被侵权人为单位 该单位分立 合并的 承继权利的单位有权请 求侵权人承担侵权责任 被侵权人死亡的 支付被侵权人医疗费 丧葬费等合理费用的人 有权请求侵权人赔偿费 用 但侵权人已支付该 费用的除外 Article 18 Where a party whose rights are infringed upon dies his her immediate relatives shall be entitled to request the infringing party be held liable for tort Where the party whose rights are infringed upon is an entity which has been divided or merged the successor thereof shall be entitled to request the infringing party be held liable for tort Where the party whose rights are infringed upon dies the party who has paid reasonable expenses such as medical expenses and funeral expenses shall be entitled to request the infringing party to make compensation unless the infringing party has already paid such expenses 第十九条 侵害他人 财产的 财产损失按照 损失发生时的市场价格 或者其他方式计算 Article 19 As regards infringements on another person s property the property loss shall be calculated according to the market price for the property when the loss is incurred or by other means 第二十条 侵害他人 人身权益造成财产损失 的 按照被侵权人因此 受到的损失赔偿 被侵 权人的损失难以确定 侵权人因此获得利益的 按照其获得的利益赔偿 侵权人因此获得的利益 难以确定 被侵权人和 侵权人就赔偿数额协商 不一致 向人民法院提 起诉讼的 由人民法院 根据实际情况确定赔偿 数额 Article 20 Whoever infringes upon the personal rights and interests of another party and thereby causes property losses shall pay compensation for the losses suffered by the party whose rights are infringed upon where the losses of the party whose rights are infringed upon are difficult to determine but the infringing party has made gains from the infringing acts the infringing party shall pay compensation according to the gains obtained where the gains obtained by the infringing party are difficult to determine and the party whose rights are infringed upon and the infringing party are unable to reach an agreement on the amount of compensation through negotiation following which a lawsuit is filed with a people s court the people s court shall determine the amount of compensation payable according to actual circumstances 第二十一条 侵权行 为危及他人人身 财产 安全的 被侵权人可以 请求侵权人承担停止侵 害 排除妨碍 消除危 险等侵权责任 Article 21 Where a tortious act endangers the personal or property safety of another person the party whose rights are infringed upon may request that the infringing party assume tort liability such as ceasing infringement removing obstruction eliminating danger etc 第二十二条 侵害他 人人身权益 造成他人 严重精神损害的 被侵 权人可以请求精神损害 赔偿 Article 22 Where the infringements upon a party s personal rights and interests cause the party to suffer from serious mental distress the said party may claim compensation for mental distress 第二十三条 因防止 制止他人民事权益被侵 Article 23 Where a party suffers an injury in seeking to prevent or stop another party s civil rights and interests 害而使自己受到损害的 由侵权人承担责任 侵 权人逃逸或者无力承担 责任 被侵权人请求补 偿的 受益人应当给予 适当补偿 from being infringed upon the infringing party shall be liable Where the infringing party has escaped or is unable to bear liability and the party whose rights are infringed upon claims compensation the beneficiary shall pay appropriate compensation 第二十四条 受害人 和行为人对损害的发生 都没有过错的 可以根 据实际情况 由双方分 担损失 Article 24 Where neither the victim nor the perpetrator is at fault in the occurrence of damage they may share the resulting loss according to actual circumstances 第二十五条 损害发 生后 当事人可以协商 赔偿费用的支付方式 协商不一致的 赔偿费 用应当一次性支付 一 次性支付确有困难的 可以分期支付 但应当 提供相应的担保 Article 25 After damage occurs the parties concerned may discuss the method for paying compensation Where no agreement is reached through negotiation compensation shall be paid in a lump sum where lump sum payment of compensation is genuinely difficult the compensation may be paid by installment provided a corresponding guarantee is given 第三章 不承担责任 和减轻责任的情形 Chapter III Circumstances under which Liability Is Waived or Mitigated 第二十六条 被侵权 人对损害的发生也有过 错的 可以减轻侵权人 的责任 Article 26 The liability of an infringing party may be mitigated to the extent that the party whose rights are infringed upon is also at fault in the damage sustained 第二十七条 损害是 因受害人故意造成的 行为人不承担责任 Article 27 Where damage is intentionally caused by a victim the actor shall not be liable 第二十八条 损害是 因第三人造成的 第三 人应当承担侵权责任 Article 28 Where damage is caused by a third party the third party shall bear tort liability 第二十九条 因不可 抗力造成他人损害的 不承担责任 法律另有 规定的 依照其规定 Article 29 Unless otherwise prescribed by law no liability shall arise for damage sustained by any party as a result of force majeure 第三十条 因正当防 卫造成损害的 不承担 责任 正当防卫超过必 要的限度 造成不应有 的损害的 正当防卫人 应当承担适当的责任 Article 30 No party shall be liable for damage caused in reasonable self defense provided that where an action taken in self defense goes beyond what is necessary and causes unnecessary damage the party acting in self defense shall bear appropriate liability 第三十一条 因紧急 避险造成损害的 由引 起险情发生的人承担责 任 如果危险是由自然 原因引起的 紧急避险 人不承担责任或者给予 Article 31 Where damage is caused in avoiding danger under emergency the person who causes the emergency shall be liable for such damage Where danger is caused by natural reasons the party who take steps to avoid the danger under emergency shall not be liable or shall be required to pay only a reasonable 适当补偿 紧急避险采 取措施不当或者超过必 要的限度 造成不应有 的损害的 紧急避险人 应当承担适当的责任 amount of compensation The said party shall however bear a reasonable degree of liability for any unnecessary damage caused by improper or excessive measures taken 第四章 关于责任主 体的特殊规定 Chapter IV Special Provisions on Liable Parties 第三十二条 无民事 行为能力人 限制民事 行为能力人造成他人损 害的 由监护人承担侵 权责任 监护人尽到监 护责任的 可以减轻其 侵权责任 有财产的无民事行 为能力人 限制民事行 为能力人造成他人损害 的 从本人财产中支付 赔偿费用 不足部分 由监护人赔偿 Article 32 Where a person who lacks or has limited civil capacity causes damage to another person his her guardian shall bear tort liability Where the guardian has fulfilled the duties as a guardian he she may have the tort liability mitigated Compensation for any damage done to another person by the person who lacks or has limited civil capacity shall be payable out of the latter s assets if any The shortfall if any shall be made good by the guardian 第三十三条 完全民 事行为能力人对自己的 行为暂时没有意识或者 失去控制造成他人损害 有过错的 应当承担侵 权责任 没有过错的 根据行为人的经济状况 对受害人适当补偿 Article 33 Whoever with full civil capacity shall bear tort liability for damage done to another person as a result of temporary loss of consciousness or control of conducts where the said party is not at fault he she shall in light of his her financial conditions pay reasonable compensation to the victim Whoever with full civil capacity shall bear tort liability for damage done to another person as a result of temporary loss of consciousness or control of conducts caused by 完全民事行为能力 人因醉酒 滥用麻醉药 品或者精神药品对自己 的行为暂时没有意识或 者失去控制造成他人损 害的 应当承担侵权责 任 intoxication or abuse of narcotic or psychoactive drugs 第三十四条 用人单 位的工作人员因执行工 作任务造成他人损害的 由用人单位承担侵权责 任 劳务派遣期间 被 派遣的工作人员因执行 工作任务造成他人损害 的 由接受劳务派遣的 用工单位承担侵权责任 劳务派遣单位有过错的 承担相应的补充责任 Article 34 Employers shall bear tortious liability for any injury or damage caused to other people by their employees in the course of their work Parties that use dispatched labor shall bear tortious liability for any injury or damage caused to other people by dispatched personnel during the course of their work during the labor dispatch period the labor dispatching party shall bear corresponding supplementary liability where it is at fault 第三十五条 个人之 间形成劳务关系 提供 劳务一方因劳务造成他 人损害的 由接受劳务 一方承担侵权责任 提 供劳务一方因劳务自己 受到损害的 根据双方 各自的过错承担相应的 责任 Article 35 Where a labor relationship has formed between individuals and the party providing labor causes an injury or damage to another person as a result of his labor services the party to whom labor is provided shall bear tortious liability Where the party providing labor causes injury or damage to himself as a result of his labor services liability shall be borne by both parties in light of their respective degree of fault 第三十六条 网络用 户 网络服务提供者利 用网络侵害他人民事权 益的 应当承担侵权责 任 网络用户利用网络 服务实施侵权行为的 被侵权人有权通知网络 服务提供者采取删除 屏蔽 断开链接等必要 措施 网络服务提供者 接到通知后未及时采取 必要措施的 对损害的 扩大部分与该网络用户 承担连带责任 网络服务提供者知 道网络用户利用其网络 服务侵害他人民事权益 未采取必要措施的 与 该网络用户承担连带责 任 Article 36 Internet users and internet service providers shall bear tortious liability in the event they infringe other people s civil rights and interests through the internet Where an internet user engages in tortious conduct through internet services the injured party shall have the right to inform the internet service provider that it should take necessary action such as by deleting content screening breaking links etc Where an internet service provider fails to take necessary action after being informed it shall be jointly and severally liable with the internet user with regard to the additional injury or damage suffered Where an internet service provider knows an internet user is infringing other people s civil rights and interests through its internet service but fails to take necessary action it shall be jointly and severally liable with the internet user 第三十七条 宾馆 商场 银行 车站 娱 乐场所等公共场所的管 理人或者群众性活动的 组织者 未尽到安全保 障义务 造成他人损害 的 应当承担侵权责任 因第三人的行为造 成他人损害的 由第三 人承担侵权责任 管理 人或者组织者未尽到安 Article 37 Managers of public places such as hotels shopping markets banks bus stations entertainment venues and the organizers of mass activities shall bear tortious liability for injury or damage done to other people as a result of their failure to fulfill their duty of care Where the injury or damage is caused by a third party the third party shall bear tortious liability where the manager or organizer fails to fulfill its duty of care it shall assume supplementary liability 全保障义务的 承担相 应的补充责任 第三十八条 无民事 行为能力人在幼儿园 学校或者其他教育机构 学习