颈部解剖及生物力学

Neck(颈部）颈部解剖及生物力学,Task allocation 任务分配,Cervical vertebra,颈椎,A completed cervical vertebrae consist of seven vertebrae.,Cervical vertebrae,e.g.: the first vertebrae, the other name is atlas.The second vertebrae, the other name is axis.,Seven vertebras,The third /fourth/fifth/sixth vertebraeThe prominent vertebrae , the other name is seventh vertebrae,Seven vertebras,Neck muscles,颈部肌肉,Neck muscles (颈部肌肉）,颈前肌,Tongue on bone muscle group 舌骨上肌群Tongue under the bone muscle group舌骨下肌群,颈浅肌与颈外侧肌,Platysma 颈阔肌pull down the quarrelSternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌make head lateral flexion,颈深肌,Scalenus斜角肌Make neck proneness Advanced vertebral muscles椎前肌Bowed head and neck,Cervical nerve,颈部神经,颈部神经,1.颈丛神经,（1）Lesser occipital nerve （枕小神经）（2）Greater occipital nerve （枕大神经）（3）Cervical nerve （颈皮神经）（4）Supraclavicular nerve （锁骨上神经）（5）Phrenic nerve （膈神经）Cranial nerve,2.颈部脑神经,（1）Glossopharyngeal nerve （舌咽神经）（2）Vagus nerve（迷走神经）（3）Accessory nerve （副神经）（4）Hypoglossal nerve （舌下神经）,3.颈部交感神经,Neck sympathetic nerve （ 颈部交感神经）Parasympathetic nerve （副交感神经）Sympathetic nerve （交感神经）,Spinal nerve from the intervertebral foramen piercing, in spinal and combined to form the cervical plexus and brachial plexus.Cervical plexus is composed of 4 cervical spinal nerve, respectively form the lesser occipital nerve, nerve, cervical cutaneous nerve, supraclavicular nerve and phrenic nerve.Most of their sensory nerve innervation, occipital and neck, shoulder and chest of the skin feeling.Phrenic nerve also dominate the diaphragm movement.,脊神经自椎间孔穿出后，在椎管外又结合形成颈丛神经和臂丛神经。颈丛神经由上4个颈脊神经组成，分别形成枕小神经、就大神经、颈皮神经、锁骨上神经及膈神经。其大部为感觉神经，支配头枕部及颈前后部、胸肩部的皮肤感觉。膈神经还支配着膈肌的运动。,The direction of movement of the neck,颈部运动方向,Flexibility is the largest. Activities the highest frequency.,Movement direction,Proneness Extension Left / right Lateral flexion Rotation,Proneness,Extension,Neck movement,颈部运动度,the adults biggest activities of the neck正常成人颈部的最大活动范围 when bowed , Jaws the mentum can conflict with the chest wall前屈时下颌颏部可抵触胸壁,when extension , the face can close to level.The mentum chin and throat section can be close to in the same vertical line 后伸时面部可接近水平，下颌颏部与喉节可接近处于同一垂直线上;,when Lateral flexion around ,the ear can be in contact with the shoulder.左右侧屈时，耳朵可与肩部相接触;when rotates around, the mentum could chin to the shoulder.左右旋转时下颌颏部可接近肩部。,But,as