非谓语l李晓琳

专题复习二 非谓语动词专题复习二 非谓语动词 2010 20142010 2014 年湖北卷考点分布年湖北卷考点分布 考点考法总览考点考法总览 考点一 不定式做状语考点一 不定式做状语 一 不定式作目的状语 意为 为了 可以单独放在句首 句中或句末 1 To pass the college entrance exam we must study hard 为了通过大学入学考试 我们必须努力学习 2 Mike had to shout to make himself heard 迈克不得不大声说话 以便能被别人听见 特别注意特别注意 也可用 in order to 或 so as to 表示目的 但 so as to 不能用于句首 二 不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果 Some people try to knock me down only to make me more determined to do better 一些人企图将我打倒 结果却让我决心做得更好 三 不定式作原因状语 常用在表示情感或态度的 sorry surprised disappointed excited glad happy 等形容词后 常用结构为 主语 系动词 形 容词 to do The book is very hard to understand 这本书很难理解 特别注意特别注意 easy difficult hard cheap expensive fit comfortable heavy good 等形 容词表示主语的特征或性质 后面接不定式作状语时 不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系 但常用主常用主 动形式表示被动意义动形式表示被动意义 考点二 分词作状语考点二 分词作状语 一 作时间状语 常用在 when while before since as 引导的原因状语从句中 1 He went through the papers while having breakfast while he was having breakfast 他边吃早饭边看报纸 2 When completed When it is completed the road will be open to the public 这条路在竣工后会正式通车 3 When asked why he walked in without permission he just stared at us and said nothing 当问他为什么未经允许就进来时 他只是盯着我们 什么也不说 二 作原因状语 相当于 because since as 引导的原因状语从句 1 Not understanding this he asked the teacher about it Because he didn t understand this he asked the teacher about it 因为不理解 关于那个问题他问了老师 2 Defeated by his desk mate he felt discouraged Because he was defeated by his desk mate he felt discouraged 由于被同桌打败了 他感到气馁 三 作条件状语 相当于 if unless 等引导的条件状语从句 1 Working hard you 11 succeed If you work hard you 11 succeed 如果努力学习 你会成功的 2 Given more time I can finish the work If I am given more time I can finish the work 如果多给我点时间 我就能完成这项工作 四 作结果状语 常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果 分词前可接 thus 1 Their ear was caught in a traffic jam thus causing the delay 他们的车被困在了拥挤的交通中 因此耽搁了时间 2 The fire lasted nearly a month leaving nothing valuable 大火持续了近一个月 几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西 特别注意特别注意 过去分词一般不作结果状语 3 A terrible air crash happened over the Atlantic Ocean killing 150 passengers 一场可怕的飞机坠毁事故在大西洋上空发生 l50 名乘客遇难 五 作让步状语 相当于 though although even if 等引导的让步状语从句 1 Warned of the danger he still went skating on the thin ice Though he Was warned of the danger he still went skating on the thin ice 虽然被警告危险 他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰 2 Lacking money he managed to borrow money and bought the phone Though he lacked money he managed to borrow money and bought the phone 虽然缺钱 他还是设法借到钱 买了手机 3 Having been told many times he still repeated the same mistake Though he had been told many times he still repeated the same mistake 虽然被告诫过好多次了 但他仍然重复犯同样的错误 考点三 独立成分作状语考点三 独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响 称作独立成分 常见的有 1 Judging from by his accent he is from the South 从口音上判断 他是南方人 2 Considering your health you d better have a rest 考虑到你的健康 你最好休息一下 3 To tell you the truth I m a little tired 说实话 我有点累 考点四 独立主格结构考点四 独立主格结构 非谓语动词前带有自己的逻辑主语 构成 名词 代词 非谓语动词 1 Weather permitting we will go swimming 如果天气允许的话 我们就去游泳 2 Everything considered the plan is better 考虑所有因素之后 还是这项计划更好些 考点五 考点五 WithWith 的复合结构的复合结构 分考点一 分考点一 不定式作定语表示将来的动作 不定式作定语表示将来的动作 1 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要 2 I have no room to live in 我没有房子住 特别注意特别注意 先行词含或序数词 最高级 用不定式做定语 3 He was the best man to do the job 他是做这项工作的最佳人选 4 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school 他总是第一个到校 最后一个离校 特别注意 不定式作定语时 若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者 则用主动形式表被动含义 若 句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者 则用被动形式表被动含义 5 She has a sister to look after 她有一个妹妹需要照顾 She 是 look after 的执行者 6 1 want to go to Beijing Do you have anything to be bought 我要去北京 你有什么东西需要买吗 you 不是 buy 的执行者 分考点二 分考点二 现在分词作定语表示主动 进行 现在分词作定语表示主动 进行 beingbeing donedone 作定语表示被动 进行 过去分词作定作定语表示被动 进行 过去分词作定 语表示被动 完成 语表示被动 完成 1 The boy standing there is my brother 站在那儿的男孩是我的弟弟 主动 进行 2 A broken cup is lying on the ground 地上有一只破了的茶杯 被动 完成 3 The houses being built are for the teachers 正在建的那些房子是为老师们建的 被动 进行 特别注意 下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语 它们是 sb be said believed known reported considered thought to do to have done to be done to be doing to have been done sth 1 He is said to have been cheated in the street 据说 他在大街上被骗了 2 The accident is reported to have killed two people 据报道 那次事故中死了两个人 分考点三分考点三 现在分词作宾语补足语时 表进行 主动 现在分词作宾语补足语时 表进行 主动 1 They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly 他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻 分考点四 分考点四 过去分词作宾语补足语时 表完成 被动 过去分词作宾语补足语时 表完成 被动 1 He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles 他试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可 2 The guests left most of the dishes untouched because they didn t taste delicious 大部分的菜 客人们都没有动 因为它们不怎么好吃 3 When she returned home she found the window open and something stolen 当她回到家时 她发现窗户开着 有些东西被偷了 分考点五分考点五 非谓语动词作宾语的用法非谓语动词作宾语的用法 下列动词只接不定式作宾语 请牢记下面的口诀 下列动词只接不定式作宾语 请牢记下面的口诀 决心学会想希望 拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划 同意请求帮一帮 即 decide determine learn want expect hope refuse manage wish pretend offer premise choose plan agree ask beg help 等后只接不定式作宾语 此外 afford strive happen wait threaten 等也要用不定式作宾语 下列动词只接动名词作宾语 请牢记下面的口诀 下列动词只接动名词作宾语 请牢记下面的口诀 考虑建议盼原谅 承认推迟没得想 避免错过继续练 否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险 不禁介意准逃亡 即 consider suggest advise look forward t0 excuse pardon admit delay put off fancy 想要 avoid miss keep keep on practice deny finish enjoy appreciate forbid im 啦 risk can t help mind allow permit escape 等后只能接动名词作宾语 此外 be used to 习惯于 lead t0 devote t0 go back t0 stick t0 object t0 get down t0 pay attention t0 can t stand 忍受 give up feel like insist on thank you for apologize for be busy in have difficulty trouble 等动词短语后也要用动名词作宾语 分考点六 分考点六 非谓语动词作主语 表语的用法非谓语动词作主语 表语的用法 1 不定式作主语 一般表示具体的某次动作 常用 it 作形式主语 而不定式是真正的主语 放 在句子的后面 以使句子保持平衡 Being laid off by the plant where he had been working for l6 years was a heavy blow to him 1ay 他被工作了 16 年的工厂开除了 这对他来说是一个沉重的打击 特别注意 不定式作表语时常用来表示预定要发生的动作 也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设 但当 不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时 这时的不定式只作单纯的表语 而不具有未来的含义 His wish is to be a doctor in the future 他的愿望是将来当一名医生 2 动名词作主语表示一般的 抽象的 泛指的概念 常用 it 作形式主语 动名词作真正的主语放 在句末 常用于固定句型 It s a waste of time doing It s no use good doing It is useless nice interesting doing 等中 Collecting stamps can enlarge one s knowledge 集邮可以扩大一个人的知识面 It is no use arguing with him about it 和他争论这件事情是没有用的 练一练 增分你做主练一练 增分你做主 1 Not my parents I failed to go to a drama school where my interest lay persuade 由于没有说服我父母 我没能上戏剧学校 而那才是我的兴趣所在 2 Popularly American films ever made The Godfather is a milestone of cinema regard 教父 被普遍认为是美国有史以来最好的影片之一 是电影界的一个里程碑 3 The farmer worker with the baby in her hand hurried to the train station the train had gone two minutes ago only 手抱着婴儿的那个农民工急匆匆地赶到火车站 却被告知火车两分钟之前已开走了 4 It was cold and dump the man pulled up his colar and put his hands to his 冻僵了的脸 freeze 5 Those always happiness may never feel happy for they are never content associate 那些总是把金钱和幸福联系起来的人也许永远不会感到幸福 因为他们永不知足 6 when I work on the farmland in the daytime I always to a tree on the riverbank keep 白天干农活的时候 我总是把羊拴在河边的树上 7 With some animals are facing the danger of dying out cut 由于越来越多的森林被砍伐 一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险 8 the board cannot make the final decision absent 由于有几名成员缺席会议 董事会无法作出最终决定 9 The soldier was absent from his camp for three days without ask 这个士兵没有请假就离开营地三天 10 As we have no access to the Internet I think it no use right now prepare 由于我们无法使用互联网 我觉得现在就为新闻发布会作准备没有用 11 when he was 30 many thought meant the end of his career maybe even his life diagnose 很多人认为 他 30 岁就被诊断患有癌症意味着他的职业乃至生命的结束 12 Not my assignment I was not allowed to watch the film No Man Land directed by Ning hao which is said to be the first western road movie in China finish 我没有完成任务 所以没被允许去看由宁浩导演的电影 无人区 据说这部电影是中国第一部西 部公路片 13 the old bike we sold it to a waste recycle center apart 我们把这辆旧自行车拆散 把它卖给了一家废品回收中心 14 the principal the plan for a new teaching building Was to be carried out soon approve 得到了校长赞同 新建教学楼的计划将很快实施 15 Fully the accuracy of the data they stuck to their opinion convince 深信数据准确无误 他们坚持自己的意见 16 A number of paintings in this castle are believed in a fire in 2009 destroy 在 2009 年的大火中 这座城堡里的许多画被认为已经毁掉了 17 This novel was once the book in high schools in the United States read 这部小说曾经是美国高中阅读最广泛的书 18 The TV entertainment program The Voice of China enjoys great popularity with a large audience in its live show lose 电视综艺节目 中国好声音 很受欢迎 很多观众沉浸在它的直播之中 19 With a government health warning cigarette packets smokers have to think twice when they are to light a cigarette attach 烟盒上附着政府的健康警告 吸烟者在他们即将点燃一支烟时不得不三思 20 Unless properly right away this kind of disease will spread throughout the country very soon deal 这种疾病如果不马上合理地处理 会很快蔓延全国 21 Once the host program the computer viruses 山 en look for other programs to infect attach 电脑病毒程序一旦附加到一个主程序上 就会开始寻找其他可以进行感染的程序 22 His eyes he was totally lost in his thought unaware of something happening fix 他盯着那张照片 完全陷入思索中 没注意到发生了什么 23 they took quick action to attack the enemy s army consideration 一切都考虑周全了 他们迅速采取行动攻击敌人的军队 24 With the manager asked us to stay behind to do extra work accomplish 由于有这么多的任务要完成 经理叫我们留下来加班 25 Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication unless may lead to serious problems handle 26 With students too much homework some educators appealed to the public to pay more attention to their physical health burden 学生背负着沉重的家庭作业的担子 因此一些教育家呼吁公众多关注他们的身体健康 27 Our software unless may not serve as well in our work update 除非定期更新 否者软件在工作中无法很好的为我们服务 28 News repots say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with reach 新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败 没有达成协议 29 The movie star s blog has attracted millions of visitors with update 因为经常更新信息 这位电影明星的博客已经吸引了几百万访客 30 With his lecture about he endangered animals the professor has been preparing for it all the day attend 因为有许多学生要来听关于濒危动物的讲座 这位教授一整天都在为此作准备 31 cost the young man his marriage as well as his health addict 沉溺于电子游戏让这个年轻人付出了自已的婚姻和健康 32 They reached the company out of breath the interview had ended tell 他们上气不接下气地赶到公司 结果被告知面试已经结束了 33 Many a high standard house for the survivors of the earthquake stricken area which is really inspiring for the public report 有报道说 灾区已经为地震中的幸存者们建了一大批高标新房 这消息真是大慰人心 34 The student is looking forward to going abroad for further study refer 所提到的那个学生渴望去国外进修 35 The old wooden armchair looks rather unusual in shape but it is very comfortable sit 这把木质旧扶手椅形状看上去有些奇怪 但坐上去却很舒服 36 About five million Chinese people are reported during the 2014 Spring Festival a rise of l2 percent from a year ago