大学英语语法主谓一致ppt课件.ppt

大学英语语法主谓一致 1 主谓一致Subject verbConcord 一致 concord或agreement 指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系 主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在 人称 和 数 的方面的一致关系 这又叫做 主 动一致 Subject verbConcord 2 指导原则 1 语法一致原则 GrammaticalConcord 主语为单数形式 谓语动词用单数形式 主语为复数形式 谓语动词也用复数形式 Thenumberoferrorswassurprising JaneandMarylookalike 2 意义一致原则 NotionalConcord 1 主语形式虽为单数 但意义为复数 谓语动词为复数 Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives 3 指导原则 单数形式代表复数内容的词有 people police cattle militia等 2 主语形式为复数 而意义上却是单数 谓语动词用单数 Thenewswasveryexciting 形复意单的单词有news works 工厂 和一些以ics结尾的学科名称 physics economics等 3 就近原则 PrincipleofProximity 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语 如用连词or either or neither nor notonly butalso等连接的并列主语 如果一个是单数 一个是复数 谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致 EitheryourstudentsorMr Wangknowsthis 4 I 以S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致 1 以S结尾的表示疾病的名词作主语时谓语用单数arthritis 关节炎bronchitis 支气管炎mumps 腮腺炎diabetes 糖尿病phlebitis 静脉炎但是measles 麻疹 rickets 软骨病 谓语可用单 复数2 以S结尾的表示游戏名称的名词谓语常用单数 5 I 以S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致 darts 投镖游戏dominoes 多米诺骨牌marbles 打弹子游戏billiards 台球但cards 打纸牌 用复数 当它们表示所用工具时谓语用复数DartsisoftenplayedinEnglishpubs Twodartsarethrownateveryturn 6 3 以ics结尾的学科名称通常用单数mathematics 数学physics 物理学optics 光学statistics 统计学politics 政治学acoustics 声学 音响效果economics 经济学athletics 体育学mechanics 机械学semantics 语义学linguistics 语言学tactics 兵法 策略 7 当这类名词表示学科以外的其它意义时用作复数Statisticsisnotasdifficultassomepeoplethink Thelateststatisticsoncrimearebeyonddescription 注 下列以ics结尾的名词仅用作单数classics 杰作 著作comics 连环图画ethics 伦理学cosmetics 化妆品 8 4 以S结尾的地理名称如山脉 海峡 瀑布 群岛等谓语动词通常用作复数theWestIndies西印度群岛theBahamas巴哈马群岛theHimalayas喜马拉雅山脉theStraitsofGibraltar直布罗陀海峡theNiagaraFalls尼亚加拉瀑布theRockies落基山脉 9 但如果是国名 则用作单数 如 theUnitedStates theUnitedNations theNetherlands 荷兰 5 由二部分组成的物体通常以S结尾 如果不带 一把 等单位词而单独使用 通常用作复数 10 scissors剪子shears大剪刀pincers tongs钳子pliers老虎钳pajamas睡衣 宽长裤suspenders吊裤带knickers短裤 灯笼裤pants裤子jeans工装裤shorts短裤briefs三角裤shoesglasses spectacles眼镜binoculars望远镜chopsticks如带有单位词 则由单位词的单 复数来决定谓语动词的单 复数Apairofshoeswasonthedesk 11 6 下列以s结尾的名词通常用作复数archives 档案arms 武器eaves 屋檐contents 内容goods 货物suburbs 郊区thanks 谢意wages 工资stairs 楼梯remains 遗体morals 道德 品行minutes 记录 12 注 whereabouts 行踪 下落 dramatics 舞台艺术 可用单 复数7 凡是由 ings结尾的名词常用作复数clippings 剪下来的东西filings 锉屑earnings 收入diggings 掘出的东西lodgings 租的房间surroundings 环境sweepings 扫拢的垃圾注 tidings 消息 音信 可用作单或复数 13 以 结尾的单 复数同形的名词 谓语动词形式取决于这些名词是用作单数还是用作复数 意义不同 单 复数也不同barracks 营房headquarters 总部means 方法 手段 工具series 系列species 种类works 工厂crossroads 十字路口Thisglassworkswassetupin2008 14 Theseglassworksareneartherailwaystation 9 少数名词用作单数和用作复数意义不同What stheodds 有什么要紧 whatdoesitmatter 差别 Theoddsareagainstus 我们成功的机会很小 可能的机会 Themartyr sremainswereburiedatthefootofthehill 遗体Hereistheremainsofthetemple 遗迹 15 练习 1 TheAlps covers cover anareaof200 000squarekilometersand is are thegreatestmountainrangeinEurope 2 Draughts is are aneasiergamethanchess 3 What is are hispolitics 4 TheremainsofShakespeare is are buriedonStratford on Avon 5 Politics is are theartorscienceofgovernment 6 MrSmith smorals is are abovecriticism 7 Usuallyabirdspeciesfacingthedangerofextinction gains gain publicrecognition 8Thespeciesoffishintheaquarium is are numerous 16 II 集体名词 CollectiveNoun 作主语的主谓一致 1 通常用作复数的集体名词 people police folk youth cattle poultry militia verminHiscattlewerestilllean Suchverminasbugsandratsarehardtogetridof Manycattlearekept 饲养了很多牲畜 Severalhundredpolicewereonduty 几百个警察在执勤 Thepolicearesearchingforhim 2 通常用作单数的集体名词 advice baggage equipment information knowledge machinery scenery news foliage merchandise furniture 17 II 集体名词 CollectiveNoun 作主语的主谓一致 Themerchandiseondisplayintheshopwindowisverygood Allthemachineryisnew 3 既可用作复数也可用作单数的集体名词 family army group committee company government enemy class team party club majority crowd audience jury union fleet 舰队 faculty 能力 大学教职人员 crew publicHisfamilyareallmusiclovers Hisfamilyisn tlarge Hisfamily goingtohavealongjourney Thewholefamily watchingTV 18 练习 1 Thejury inopinionabout sentenceofdeath A disagreesB disagreeC agreesD hasdisagreed2 Todaythepublic aboutthewaynatureisbeingruined A areconcernedB isconcernedC havebeenconcernedD isbeingconcerned3 Thecommitteecan tcometoadecisionbecause atodds A ithasB theyhaveC itisD theyare4 Themajority onBen sside butPeterdisagreeswiththemontwopoints A wereB wasC isD are 19 Keys bddd 20 III 并列结构 CoordinateSubject 做主语的主谓一致 1 用and或both and连接并列主语 谓语通常用复数Tomeantodosomethingandtoactuallydosomethingaretwoseparatethings 但是当并列主语指的是同一个人 事物或概念时 谓语用单数 这时and后面的名词没有冠词 Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy Thegirl steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall Aknifeandforkisonthetable Breadandbutterisourdailyfood 类似结构有 whiskyandsoda strawberryandcream saltandwater hamandegg cartandhorse fishandchips等 21 2 当and连接的单数主语前面有each every manya no等修饰时 即manya andmanya every andevery each andeach no andno 谓语动词用单数Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasseenthebrighter than expectedwhiteflashoflight Noteacherandnostudentwaspresentattheopeningceremony 22 3 如主语是单数 尽管后面跟有with togetherwith aswellas asmuchas nolessthan morethan ratherthan like but except besides inadditionto等引起的短语 谓语动词仍用单数Thatman aswellashiswife isaccusedofmolestingminorssince1950s Aprofessor togetherwithhisstudents wassenttoworkinNigeria Theroomwithitsfurniturewasrented 23 4 由or either or neither nor notonly but also not but等连接的名词或代词作主语时 谓语与邻近的主语取得一致Eitheryouorheistogo NotonlyJoanbuthersistersknowthecombinationtothesafewhichcontainsthelistofthefamilysecurities 24 练习 1 eitherheorhisaccountantsgoingtoclaimfortheloss A AreB WereC IsD Does2 Joe sfather alongwithhistwouncles inNewYorkonemoreday A demandthathestayB demandsthathestaysC demandsthathestayD demandthathestays3 Everypolicemanandfireman onthealert A havebeenB wasC areD wereKeys ccb 25 IV 代词以及 限定词 名词 作主语的主谓一致 1 由不定代词every each eachone eachof another either neither noone theother everybody everything manya morethanone等作主语或修饰主语时 谓语用单数 Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm MorethanonemanbelievesthatthepromiseoftheAmericanDreamisstilloutofreachformanyblacksinthecity 2 由 agreatmany agoodmany agroupof anumberof 复数名词 作主语时 谓语用复数 26 IV 代词以及 限定词 名词 作主语的主谓一致 Agreatmanygraduatesthinktheyareallentitledtomakeamistakeonceinawhile 3 allof someof alotof halfof mostof themajorityof twothirdsof ninetypercentof therestof plentyof partof heapsof 堆 等 名词或代词作主语时 谓语动词的单 复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数 因为这些词是中心词Halfoftheapplesgobad Therestofthelandisuncultivated 27 练习 1 Althoughthefirstpartofthebookiseasy therest A aredifficultB hasproveddifficultC issupposeddifficultD havebeenfounddifficult2 Mrs Angelfeelsveryhappywhentherest appearance A makesB maketheirC hasmadetheirD havemadehis3 Morethanoneexample necessarytomakethestudentsunderstandthisruleclearly A shouldbeB isC areD havebeen4 Anotherfiveweeks necessaryforustofinishthework A areB wereC isD willhavebeenKeys bbbc 28 V 数词 量词作主语的主谓一致 1 表加 减 乘 除等算式时 谓语常用单数 如数词是复数形式 如 thousandsof millionsof等 谓词常用复数Tenminustwoiseight Fortydividedbyeightisfive 2 当aportionof aseriesof apileof akindof agreatdealof agreatamountof等 复数主语时 谓语动词用单数形式AlargeportionofEmily spoemswasfoundandpublishedafterherdeath AseriesoflecturesoneducationalpsychologyissaidtobegivenbyE Stone 29 3 当aflockof adroveof aschoolof aswarmof aherdof apackof等集体名词被看作一个整体时 谓语用单数 如指个体 用复数Usually aherdofAfricanelephantshasuptoonethousandmembers 4 thenumberof 复数主语 谓语用单数 anumberof 复数主语 谓语用复数AnumberofBritonsweresenttoTehranyesterday ThenumberofBritonswasfifty four 30 练习 1 ThenumberofstudentsintheoralEnglishprogramtraining to20 A limitsB islimitedC limitedD arelimited2 Aseriesofdebatesbetweenthelecturers forthenextweekend A arescheduledB wasscheduledC werescheduledD havebeenscheduledKeys bb 31 VI 分句 从句作主语的主谓一致 1 不定式分句和ing分词分句作主语 谓语用单数WritingstoriesandarticlesiswhatIenjoymost 2 名词性从句作主语 谓语动词常用单数Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery 32 VI 分句 从句作主语的主谓一致 ThatblacksinAmerica ssecond largestcityfaretheworstamongallmajorracesineducation health economics housingandcriminaljusticeissaidbyastudyreleasedonWednesday 3 定语从句中从句与先行词的数保持一致Iamoneofthosepeoplewhobythegeneralopinionoftheworldarecountedbothinfamousandunhappy GeorgeistheoneofthebrightestconfidantswhohasgraduatedfromMongoliaUniversity I whoamyourfriend willtrymybesttohelpyou 33 4 存在句中 be的单 复数适用就近原则Therehastobealotofgive and takeinanysuccessfulmarriage Therearefourchairs atable andasmallbedintheroom 5 强调句 ItisIwho 中 分句动词形式与I要保持一致 非正式英语中 可用me代替I 随后的分句动词常用第三人称单数ItisIwhoamtoblame Itismethatwasinjuredintheaccident 34 练习 1 Johnistheoneofthestaffmemberswho tobetransferred A isgoingB aregoingC havebeengoingD hasbeengoing2 Heisoneofthosepersonswho neversatisfied A areB isC hasbeenD tobe3 Whattheyhavedone usefultothepeople A areconsideredB isconsideredC havebeenconsideredD willbeconsideredKeys aab 35 6 某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数第一组 agreatmany 可数名词复数谓语用复数anumberof 可数名词复数谓语用复数themajorityof 可数名词复数谓语用复数 36 第二