《药学专业英语》PPT课件.ppt

专业英语 Subject basedEnglish SBE Curriculumintroduction 本课程是化学 化工 材料 制药等专业的必选课程 1999年颁布的 大学英语教学大纲 修订本 明确提出 学生在完成基础阶段的学习 达到英语四级或六级后 都必须修读应用提高阶段的专业英语 SBE 目的任务 掌握一定的药学专业词汇和扩大认知量培养学生运用专业英语的能力专业信息交流的重要工具 Wellbegunishalfdone 好的开始是成功的一半 Wellbegunishalfdone Opening importance Theimportanceofthiscourse How Why Useful major graduate job Theimportanceofthiscourse 在外企工作医院 药房药剂师 英文药品说明书药检所 药厂质检 英美药典新药研发 国外专利 专业期刊升职称 毕业论文 发表论文要写英文摘对外交流 出国 教学大纲 teachingoutlines 教学进度计划 teachingplans 1 唐冬雁 刘本才主编 应用化学专业英语 哈尔滨工业大学出版社 2005 2 魏高原编 化学专业基础英语 北京大学出版社 2004 3 胡宏纹编 有机化学 高等教育出版社 1990 4 马永祥 吴隆民 梁永民等编 化学专业英语 兰州大学出版社 2003 参考书目 referencebooks 平时30 期末70 Exam 授课方式 词汇以教师讲解为主 专业文章阅读以学生翻译为主 补充材料以教师讲解为主 考试要求 笔试 词汇 阅读理解 翻译能力 科技英语的特点 ScientificEnglish VS GeneralEnglish Itappearsthatyou vegottheofferofaverygoodjob Awonderfuljob Areyougoingtotakeit Idon tthinkso Whynot Idon twantto 这是小说中的一段对说 属于口语文体 其特点是 用词自由 句法结构简单 短句与省略句多 自然朴素 生活气息浓厚 听说有个很好的工作要你去干 挺好的工作 打算干吗 不 为什么不干 不想干 摘自 刀锋 theRazor sEdge Gonewithwind Home I llgohome andI llthinkofsomewaytogethimback Afterall tomorrowisanotherday Titanic Jack Listen Rose You regoingtogetoutofhere You regoingtogoon You regoingtomakelotsofbabies andyou regoingtowatchthemgrow You regoingtodieandold anoldladyinherwarmbed nothere notthisnight notlikethis Doyouunderstandme ForrestGump Lifeislikeaboxofchocolate youneverknowwhatyou regonnaget onceIletatrueloveslipawaybeforemyeyes onlytofindmyselfregrettingwhenitwastoolate nothingintheworldcanbeaspainfulasthis IftheGodwoundgiveachance IwoundtellthegirlIlovethegirl ifourlovehavetobesettledatimelimit Iwishitwoundbetenhoundsofyears InChinahe sknownas theFlyingFish inAmericatheycallhim theBaltimore 巴尔的摩 Bullet Whateveryoucallhim AmericanswimmerMichaelPhelpslooksdestinedtobecomeahouseholdnameacrosstheworldafterbreakingtheOlympicrecordformostgoldmedalsinasingleGames MichaelPhelpsdominatedthefieldinsevenofhisracesandsetanamazingsevenworldrecordsintheprocess MichaelPhelps Thewidespreaduseofhalogenoalkanesleadstopollutionproblems Aromatichalogencompoundsandalkanesinwhichthreeorfourhalogenatomsarejoinedtothesamecarbonatomarenothydrolysed theyarenotbiodegradable butaresolubleinbodyfats Thismeansthattheygetconcentratedinorganisms whicharetheneatenbypredators Thisresultsinaneverincreasingconcentrationofthesecompoundsinthebodytissuesofanimalsfurtherupthefoodchain Pollutionproblems Severaltherapeuticallysignificantnaturalproductswhichwereoriginallyobtainedfromnaturalsourcesaretodaymoreeffectively i e moreeconomically preparedbytotalsynthesis SuchexamplesincludeL aminoacids Chloramphenicol caffeine Dopamine Epinephrine Levodopa peptidehormones Prostaglandins D Penicillamine Vincamine andpracticallyallvitamins Theycanserveasvaluableleadstructures andtheyarefrequentlyneededasstartingmaterialsorasintermediatesforimportantsyntheticproducts Chloramphenicol kl r m fenik l n 氯霉素Epinephrine epi nefrin n 肾上腺素Prostaglandin pr st l ndin 前列腺素Vincamine vi k mi n n 长春胺 专业英语的特点 一 文体特点二 词汇特点三 句法特点 科技英语 EnglishforScienceandTechnology 泛指一切论及或谈及科学或技术的英文书面语和口头语 具体包括 1 科技著述 科技论文 科技报告 实验报告等 2 各类科技情报及其它文字资料 3 科技使用手册 仪器 仪表 机械和工具等的结构描述和操作规程 4 科技会议 会谈及交谈用语 5 科技影片或录象等有声资料的解说词等 一 科技英语的文体特点 特点 严谨周密 概念准确 逻辑性强 行文简练 重点突出 句式严整 常用前置性陈述句 清晰 准确 精练 严密 二 专业英语的词汇特点 1 医药科技英语词汇主要来自于英语 希腊语 拉丁语及现代英语等 来自英语 codeofconduct boardofdirectors直接从希腊语和拉丁语中吸收 thesis 希腊语 formula 拉丁语 利用希腊语和拉丁语的词素 前缀或后缀 构成 2 科技英语词汇的词义单一 具有准确性和严密性的特点 1 广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词 以及有名词功用的动名词 2 广泛采用名词连用形式 3 复合词 4 缩略词 3 专业英语词汇具体特点 thestandardizationoftheproductabsorptionrateconstantlimitdateofusingadrugafteritsproductiontherapeuticdrugmonitoringrandomscreeningindrugdiscovery in plane bendingvibration 1 广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词 动名词 stretchingvibrationrecyclingelutionmethodofgroupingsamplingsurveysamplingerrorsystematicsampling 1 广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词 动名词 safetyrangetargetcellsurfacetensionsurfaceactivitytitrationcurvemolecularpharmacologymolecularbiologysideeffectdrugtolerancetricarboxylicacidcyclereceptorstimulantreceptorantagonist 2 广泛采用名词连用形式 pharmaceuticalanalysispharmaceuticalchemistrydrugexcretiondrugabsorptiondruginteraction 2 广泛采用名词连用形式 bond covalentbond ionicalkali poisoningdouble blindhabit formingjoint venture 3 复合词 mother to beion selectiveelectrodeion exchangeblood brainbarrierinhaledrug parasite hostrelationshipdrawback TDM therapeuticdrugmonitoring 治疗药物监测GMP goodmanufacturingpractice 药品生产管理规范GSP GoodSupplyPractice 良好药品经营管理规范GCP GoodClinicalPractice 良好药品临床试验规范GLP GoodLaboratoryPractice 良好药品实验研究规范OTC overthecounter 非处方药FDA FoodanddrugAdministration 食品和药物管理局QSAR quantitativestructure activityrelationship 4 缩略词 APC Aspirincompound DMSO dimethylsulfoxide DMF dimethylformamide AIDS acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome HPLC highperformanceliquidchromatography DNA deoxyribonucleicacid 一 大量使用名词化结构 Nominalization 二 广泛使用被动语句三 非限定动词四 后置定语五 长句六 常用句型 三 专业英语的句法特点 1a Ifyouexposetheitemforlong itwillrapidlydeteriorate 1b Prolongedexposurewillresultinrapiddeteriorationofitem 一 大量使用名词化结构 Originallymeatwascuredinbrinecontainingpotassiumnitrateasoneoftheingredients However theactualcuringagentwasfoundtobethenitriteproducedbythebacterialreductionofthenitratesalt Whenitwasshownthatnitritecouldbesubstitutedfornitrateinthecuresolutionwiththeproductionofmoreuniformandcompletelysatisfactoryproductinashorterperiodoftime alegallimitofnomorethan200milligramsofresidualnitrite calculatedasNaNO2 perkilogramofmeatwasestablished 一 大量使用名词化结构 Theactionofnitriteinthecureprocessisthreefold 1 formationofcharacteristiccolor 2 productionofcuredflavor 3 anti bacterialactivity theactualcuringagent theagenthascured thebacterialreductionofthenitratesalt thenitratesaltwasreducedbybacterial 3 theproductionofmoreuniformandcompletelysatisfactoryproduct amoreuniformandcompletelysatisfactoryproductwasproduced 4 alegallimitofnomorethan200milligramsofresidualnitrite thelawlimitstheresidualnitritetonomorethan200milligrams 一 大量使用名词化结构 Thedisadvantageoflookingtonaturalsourcesforleadcompoundisthatitcanbeaslowprocess collectingthenaturalmaterial extractingit thenseparatingandpurifyingtheactivecompounds Furthermore theactivecompoundsareoftenhighlycomplexinstructuremakingthemdifficulttosynthesize 一 大量使用名词化结构 Attentionmustbepaidtothetemperatureofthereaction Youmustpayattentiontothetemperatureofthereaction 二 广泛使用被动语句 Drugs foruseinrarediseases orinlife threateningandyetuntreatablestates maybeevaluatedinpatientgroupsatanearlierstagethanthosewithreadilymeasurableeffectsoncommondiseases 二 广泛使用被动语句 Thedurationoftreatmentshouldbeconsistentwiththelikelydurationofuseinmanandtherelativelifeexpectancyoftheanimalspecies Whendrugswithspecificactionsonenzymesofreceptorsarebeingstudied relativelysimplecellfreesystemsofisolatedtissuepreparationscanbeused TheguidelinesweredraftedonthebasisoftheWorldHealthOrganization WHO GCPguidelineswithreferencetoEuropeanUnion Nordic andAustralianguidelines 二 广泛使用被动语句 Manybasicprinciplesofbiochemistryandenzymologyandthephysicalandchemicalprinciples thatgoverntheactiveandpassivetransferandthedistributionofsubstancesacrossbiologicalmembranes arereadilyappliedtotheunderstandingofthisimportantaspectofpharmacology 二 广泛使用被动语句 Laterthedrugwasdevelopedintoasolutionthatcanbeusedtofightgermsthroughthebloodstream SinceAIDswasfirstreportedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlofAmericaninJune 1981 itsdiscoverywassuccessivelyannouncedbymanycountriesandregions 二 广泛使用被动语句 Hardphysicalexerciseisusuallylookeduponasaspecificweightreducer Thepatientwithchronicbronchitis 慢性支气管炎 mustbeurgedtostopsmoking 二 广泛使用被动语句 Antioxidants foundinsomevitaminsandminerals cansnuffoutoxygenfreeradicals substancesthatarethoughttomakecellsmoresusceptibletocancer 三 非限定动词 Thesestudiesoftenbeginwithadose rangingstudy using1 50to1 100theeffectivedoseinanimalsandincreasinguntilthedesiredeffect oradverseeffects areseen Toencourageclinicalresearchinsupportingthedrugdevelopmentprogramandtoimproveonthequalityofclinicaltrials thegovernmenthasestablishedfivenationalGCPclinicalresearchcenterswhichareaffiliatedwiththetopmedicaluniversitiesinthecountry 三 非限定动词 Ifthebody sfrontlinedefenseisovercome allowinggermstoestablishabeachheadinbodytissues infectionsetsin 三 非限定动词 Sheoftenworkedfortwenty fourhoursonend dressingwounds helpingsurgeonsintheiroperations easingthepainofthesick comfortingthedying Theexistenceoftheblood brainbarriermakesitpossibletodesigndrugsthatwillactatvariouspartsofthebody buthavenoactivityinthebrain thusreducinganycentralnervoussystemsideeffects 三 非限定动词 Whenpoorlycharacterizedsubjectiveactionsaresought particularlyinvolvingbehaviouraleffects itmaybenecessarytoperformtestsinconsciousintactanimals NouniformschemeforPhase4supervisionhasyetbeenestablished butfewdoubtthenecessityofcollectingthisinformationonlow frequencyadverseeffects 四 后置定语 Therationaleforthedevelopmentofnewdrugsshouldbetoprovidebetterdrugs betterinthesenseofbeingeithermoreeffective saferorcheaper Theairoutsidepressedthesidein Oneofthemoststudiedantioxidantsinvegetablesandfruitsthoughttoprotectagainstcancerisbeta carotene concentratedindeepgreen yellowandorangevegetablessuchascarrots sweetpotatoesandspinach 四 后置定语 Inthisfactorytheonlyfuelavailableiscoal Drugdevelopmentaimstoproduceanoveltherapeuticagentwhichissuperiorinefficacytoexistingremediesandwhichcauseslessfrequentorlesssevereadverseeffects 四 后置定语 Paradoxically thalidomide whichwasthecauseofthetragedythatledtostricterdrugregulationandtoxicologytests isnoteratogenicinmiceorratsbuthasateratogeniceffectinhumans causinggrosslimbdeformities 四 后置定语 Althoughstereochemistrydoesplayamajorroleindrug sbiologicaction factorssuchasthelipid waterdistributionfunction thePKvalue orperhapstherateofhydrolysisormetabolismmaydifferbetweenisomericpairsandaccountfortheobse