导学案6-情态动词和虚拟语气

导学案导学案 6 情态动词与虚拟语气情态动词与虚拟语气 情态动词情态动词 Section 1 认识情态动词认识情态动词 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义 但要与动词原形或其被动语态一起使用 给谓语动词增添情态色彩 表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法 认为 其可能 应该或必要 情态动词后面加动词原形或完成时表示相应的含义 Section 2 常考情态动词的关键用法常考情态动词的关键用法 1 Can 可以 表示允许 2 能 会 可以 表示有能力 联系 be able to be capable of If it were not for the fact that she can t sing I would invite her to the party 3 能够 可以 表示某事物的特点 Luckily iron can be reworked and mistakes don t have to be thrown away 4 有可能 有时会 表推测 语气较弱 Peter can be really difficult to get along with at times even though he s a nice person in general 5 不能 无法 用于否定句 表示情况不允许 I cannot choose but to go 6 特殊句型 再 也不为过 也可以用 can never hardly too much I cannot thank you enough and it has been a wonderful day 7 可能 can 可用于否定句 疑问句中表猜测 can have done 表示对过去的猜测 猜测 Can he have been chosen as captain of the football team Yes he must have 注 在以上用法中 我们尤其要注意的是 2 4 7 2 Could 1 能 会 表示发生在过去的能力 是 can 的过去式 For my return journey I felt I could afford the extra and travel first class 2 用在疑问句中表示征求对方意见 委婉的语气用 could 回答时用 can Could I have a look Of course you can 3 可能 表示某事可能属实或可能发生 对将来或者现在发生事情的肯定猜测 An improvement in living standards could be years away 4 用于与你语气 表示对过去的推测或假设 He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed it differently 3 May 1 有可能 也许 表推测 Some people who don t like to talk much are not necessarily shy they may just be quiet people 2 祝 但愿 May God bless you 4 Might 1 可不可以 能否 用于礼貌地打断别人 提出问题 做出请求或引出接下来要说 的话 I was wondering if I might ask you a favor 2 可能 表不是很有把握的猜测 语气比 may 弱 3 虚拟语气 表示假设过推测 语气若 I told your friend how to get to the hotel but perhaps I might have driven her there 此处 might have done 表虚拟语气 意为 过去原本可能 可以做到的事而未做 5 Will 1 将 表示将来 等于 be going to be to do be about to do shall should do The low test score they think will make it impossible for them to get into a good college 2 愿意 He will become her senior adviser her deputy if you will 3 表必然性 Man will die without air 6 Would 1 将 将会 表示判断或看法 John promised his doctor he would not smoke and he has never smoked ever since 2 表示意愿 She wouldn t change it even though she knew it was wrong 7 Shall 1 表将来用于 No 1 人称 We I shall call you back this afternoon 2 shall 用在疑问句中 且主语为 No 1 No 3 人称 表示征求对方意见 Has Mr Tom White arrived Yes already Shall he wait outside or just come in 3 shall 用在陈述句中 且主语为 No 2 No 3 人称时 表示允诺 命令 警告 决心或规定 They shall not be allowed in after 11 p m 8 should ought to 1 应该 应当 表推测 I think I ll give Bob a ring You should You haven t been in touch with him for ages 2 应该 必须 表示给出指示或公布官方命令 Margaret should not stay at home all day long in front of the TV 3 应该 可能 表示预期或可能性 There should not be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot 4 将要 假定要 用在虚拟条件从句中表示事件发生的可能性 If you should be fired your health and pension benefits will not be automatically cut off 5 应该 用在某些动词 名词之后 that 引导的虚拟语气从句中 I insisted that we should have a look at every car 6 should have done 与 should not have done 注 注 ought to 与与 should 的用法区别如下的用法区别如下 1 一般说来 两者可替换 只是 ought to 语气稍重 如 You ought to should go and see Mary 你应该去看看玛丽 2 表示出于法令规则 行为准则 道德责任等客观情况而 应该 做某事时 一般应用 ought to 若用 should 则强调个人意见 主观看法 如 We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow but I don t think we will 明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽 但是我认为我们去不了 此句不宜用 should 3 在公告 须知或条例中 出于礼貌 常用 should 如 You should not run alongside the swimming pool 不准在游泳池边奔跑 9 Must have to 1 两词都是 必须 的意思 have to 表示客观的需要 must 表示说话人主观上 的看法 既主观上的必要 My brother was very ill so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night 我弟弟病得很厉害 我只得半夜里把医生请来 客观上需要做这件事 He said that they must work hard 他说他们必须努力工作 主观上要做这件事 2 have to 有人称 数 时态的变化 而 must 只有一种形式 但 must 可用于间接 引语中表示过去的必要或义务 He had to look after his sister yesterday 3 在否定结构中 don t have to 表示 不必 mustn t 表示 禁止 You don t have to tell him about it 你不一定要把此事告诉他 You mustn t tell him about it 你一定不要把这件事告诉他 10 Need dare 1 必要 need 作为情态动词只用于否定句和疑问句中 needn t have done 表示 过去本不必做的事却做了 Catherine I have cleaned the room for you Thanks You needn t have done it I could manage it myself 2 可能 大概 想必 我想 固定搭配 I dare say you are British but you still need a passport to prove it 3 敢 dare 作为情态动词只用于否定句和疑问句中 The government dare not raise interest rates again 解析 1 need dare 作情态动词无人称或数的变化 后接动词原形 多用于否 定句和疑问句中 但 I dare say 例外 2 need 作为行为动词有人称和数的变化 后面可接名词 代词 动名词及带 to 的动词不定式 可用于肯定句 疑问句和否定句中 3 dare 用作实义动词 其后可带动词不定式 否定句中也可带省 to 不定式 且 有人称和数以及时态的变化 Section 3 情态动词重点用法小结情态动词重点用法小结 1 表示推测 可能性 词形含义 must必然 必定 should按说应该 ought to按说应该 can 不可能 有可能吗 could微弱的可能 不可能 语气比 can 弱 may或许 也许 可能不 might比 may 还弱比 may not 还弱 所以 表示肯定推测时语气强弱为 Must should ought can could may might 对现在或者将来可能发生事情的猜测的结构为 情态动词 V 原形 对过去可能发生事情的猜测的结构为 情态动词 have done 例如 He may might must should be on his way home now 现在 I did not hear the phone I must have been asleep 过去 2 情态动词 have done 除表示正常推测之外 还引申出了其他含义 短语含义 must have done 过去 想必 准是 一定做了 could have done过去本可以做而未做 can t couldn t have done 过去不可能做了 may might not have done 过去 本可以做到而没做到 should ought to have done 过去 本该做某事 而实际上未做 should not ought not to have done 过去 本不该做某事 而实际上做了 needn t have done 过去 本不必做某事而做了 had better not have done 过去 最好 没 做了 would rather not have done宁愿 过去 没 做了 would like love not to have done 过去 本 不 打算做但未做成 Section 4 情态动词解题技巧情态动词解题技巧 关键词 一情 二境 三时 1 认真审题 结合所给出的语境 正确把握说话者的语气 情感 态度 观点等 2 认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法 并结合语境推敲答案 3 要注意把握时间概念 情态动词经典考题 1 I m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I find the money A can B might C would D need 2 The new law states that people drive after drinking alcohol A wouldn t B needn t C won t D mustn t 3 Sorry I am too busy now If I time I would certainly go for an outing with you A have hadB had had C have D had 4 We last night but we went to the concert instead A must have studied B might study C should have studied D would study 虚拟语气虚拟语气 Section 1 认识虚拟语气认识虚拟语气 虚拟语气又叫第二条件句 是相对于第一条件句而言 所谓第一条件句指的是 主句的发生以从句为条件 叫常见的引导词有 if unless once 等 多符合主将 从现原则 而第二条件句 虚拟语气 多指一种假设 或者美好的愿望 按虚 拟时间划分 可分为三类 对过去情况的假设 对现在情况的假设 对将来情 况的假设 练习 判断下列句子类型 1 If we spend all of our time playing games we will fail the exams 2 Study hard and you will succeed sooner or later 3 If I were you I would listen to his advice 4 If you had followed my advice just now you would be better now 6 If it should rain tomorrow we would not go climbing Section 2 虚拟语气用法详解虚拟语气用法详解 一 条件句中的虚拟语气 1 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 主从符合条件句 有从句有主句 可以互相作为 判断依据 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件 主句会产生的一 种不可能获得的结果 条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式 时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式 过去had 动词过去分词 would should might could have done 现在动词过去式 be 用 were would should might could do 将来 动词过去式 be 用 were should do were to 动词原形 would should might could do 2 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 If he should go to Qing Hua University he make full use of his time If he were to come here he would tell us about it If he free he would help us If he study at this school he would know you well If I see the film I would have told you about it If I had got there earlier I would have met Mr Li 3 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时 须注意的几个问题 1 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时第三人称单数时 谓语动词若是系动词 be 时 可用 was 代 替 were 但在倒装虚拟结构及 if I were you as it were 中 只能用 were 如 Were I ten years younger I would study abroad 要是我还年轻十岁的话 我会去 国外学习 If I were you I would try my best to grasp the chance 要是我是你的话 我要尽力 抓住这次机会 2 有时 虚拟条件句中 主 从句的动作若不是同时发生时 须区别对待 这 种情况叫做混合虚拟语气 例如 If they had informed us we would not come here now If he were free today we would have sent him to Beijing If it had not been raining too much the crops would be growing much better If he had been working hard he would be working in the office now 3 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were should had 时 if 可省略 而将可省略 而将 were should had 等词置于句首等词置于句首 如 Should he agree to go there we would send him there Were she here she would agree with us Had he learnt about computers we would have hired him to work here 4 有时 句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件 而须通过上下文或其他方式来判 断 如 I would have come to see you but I was too busy 我本该来看你了 然而我太忙了 But for his help we would be working now 要不是他的帮助 我们还会在工作呢 Without your instruction I would not have made such great progress 要是没有你的 指导 我不会取得如此大的进步 5 有时 虚拟条件句中 主 从句可以省略其中的一个 来表示说话人的一种 强烈的感情 省略从句 He would have finished it 他本该完成了 You could have passed this exam 你应该会通过这次考试了 省略主句 If I were at home now 要是我现在在家里该多好啊 If only I had got it 要是我得到它了该多好啊 二 其他状语从句的虚拟语气 1 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气 1 在 for fear that in case lest 以防 万一 引导的目的状语从句中 若用虚 拟语气时 从句谓语为 should 动词原形 并且 should 不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in 2 在 so that in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中 从句中的谓语为 can may could might will would should 动词原形 如 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer 2 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气 1 在 even if even though 所引导的让步状语从句中 可用虚拟语气 主句 从 句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同 如 Even if he were here himself he should not know what to do 3 英语中 wish 之后的宾语从句 表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望 常用虚拟语气 其虚拟语气的结构为与主从复合句中从句的谓语动词一致 例如 I wish she were not married 我真希望她没结婚 I wish the bus went to the university 我希望公共汽车能通到大学 I wish I hadn t wasted so much money 但愿我没浪费这么多钱 注意 从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关 而与 wish 的时态无关 比较 I wish I were rich 要是我现在有钱就好了 I wish I had been rich 要是那时我有钱就好了 4 英语中 would rather had rather would sooner 等之后的宾语从句常表示与客 观事实不相符的一种愿望 故使用虚拟语气 其虚拟语气的结构为 过去 had 过去分词 现在 过去时 be 用 were 将来 过去时 be 用 were 例如 I would rather you had seen the film yesterday 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影 I would rather you were here now 我倒想你现在在这儿 We would rather you went here tomorrow 我么倒想你明天去那儿 5 主语从句中的虚拟语气 在表达惊异 惋惜 遗憾 理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气 其 虚拟语其的结构为 should 动词原形 主句中的谓语动词形式不限 1 It is admirable dreadful extraordinary odd remarkable sad advisable anno ying disappointing surprising upsetting frightening better best curious desir able important strange peculiar proper necessary natural that 2 It is a pity a shame no wonder that 3 It is suggested requested desired proposed that 4 It worries me that 例如 It is important that we should do well in our lessons first It is strange that he should not come It is a pity that we should not meet last night It worries me that we should be blamed for that 6 表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气 英语中 表示请求 要求 命令 建议等名词 advice desire decision idea instruction order plan proposal r ecommendation request requirement suggestion wish 充当句子的主语 而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时 表语从表面上看及同位语从句都须 用虚拟语气 should 动词原形 如 We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help He told us his idea that he should go to university His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully 六 定语从句中的虚拟语气 英语中 表示 早该做某事了 时 定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气 其虚拟语气的结构为 It is high about time that 主语 动词的过去式 should 动词原形 如 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school 七 简单句中的虚拟语气 1 说话时 为了表示客气 谦虚 委婉而有礼貌 言语常使用虚拟语气 其虚 拟语气的结构形式常为 would could might should 原形动词 如 Would you mind my shutting the door 我把门关起来你介意吗 You should always learn this lesson by heart 2 表示 祝愿 时 常用 may 主语 动词原形 其他 如 May you have a good journey 祝你一路顺风 May your youth last for ever 祝你 青春永驻 3 表示强烈的 愿望 祝愿 时 常用动词原形 如 Long live the Communist Party of China 3 提出劝告或建议 如 You d better ask your father first 你最好先问一问你的父亲 You should make a full investigation of it first 你应该先全面调查一番 练习 1 If only he quietly as the doctor instructed he would not suffer so much now A lies B lay C had lain D should lie 2 You did not let me drive If we in turn you so tired A drove didn t get B drove wouldn t get C were driving wouldn t get D had driven wouldn t have got 3 I was ill that day otherwise I the sports meet A would have taken part in B took part in C had taken part in D would take part in 4 it rain tomorrow we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A Were B Should C Would D Will 5 I suggested the person to be put into prison A refers B referring C referred D refer 6 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water it looks as if it A breaks B has broken C were broken D had been broken 7 hard he would have passed the exam A If he were to work B Had he worked C Should he work D Were he to work 8 Had you listened to the doctor you all right now A are B were C would be D would have been 9 I did not see your sister at the meeting If she she would have met my brother A has come B did come C come D had come 10 If it for the snow we the mountain yesterday A were not could have climb B were not could climb C had not been could have climbed D hadn t been could climb 11 Without electricity human life quite difficult today A is B will be C would have been D would be 12 It was requested that the play again A should put on B would put on C be put on D put on 13 But for water it impossible to live in the earth A is B would be C were D wouldn t be 14 The kind hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he their own son A is B were C had been D should be 15 It is high time that we a meeting to discuss th