2012届高考二轮专题复习 语法资料精品集之虚拟语气

用心 爱心 专心 1 20122012 届高考二轮专题复习英语语法资料精品集之虚拟语气届高考二轮专题复习英语语法资料精品集之虚拟语气 1 虚拟语气的重点是 1 一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构 2 虚拟语气的特殊形式 即用来表示要求 建议 命令 提议 意愿等的主语从句 宾语 从句 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式 3 主从句表示不同的时间概念 事实或假设情况 从而交错成为复合虚拟语气 4 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式 2 虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 1 由 wish 引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A 用 wish 表示对现在的愿望时 它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为 过去式 be 动词 用 were B 用 wish 表示对将来的愿望时 它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为 would could might 动词原形 C wish 用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时 宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为 had 动词过去分词或 could would have 动词过去分词 The picture exhibition bored me to death I wish I had not gone to it 2 would had rather would as soon would sooner 和 would prefer 所引起的从句 中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况 用过去完成时表示过去的情况 表示希望或婉转的 责备 I d rather you posted the letter right away 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去 3 由连接词 in case so that unless lest for fear that 引起的状语从句中 谓 语动词要用虚拟形式 即 should might would 动词原形 She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉 The bad man was put in the soft padded cell lest he injure himself 4 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 表示与现在事实相反 If 从句主语 动词的过去式 主语 should would could might 动词原形 be 一般用 were 表示与过去事实相反 If 从句主语 had 过去分词 主语 should would could might have 过去分词 表示与将来事实可能相反 If 从句主语 动词的过去式 should 动词原 形 were to 动词原形 主语 should would could might 动词原形 If it had not been for his help but for his help we would not have succeeded 5 虚拟语气用于 as if though 引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中 其动词形式与 wish 宾语从句的形式相同 She often laughs spontaneously and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above 她常常发出发自内心的微笑 而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样 常常流露出 来 They talked as if they had been friends for years 他们交谈着 就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样 6 其它各种句型 as though suppose had rather supposing if only 等等 用心 爱心 专心 2 If I were in a movie then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry 二 特殊形式的虚拟语气 虚拟语气的特殊形式 即用来表示要求 建议 命令 提议 意愿等的主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式 其虚拟语气的构成往往是由 should 可省略 动词原 形 that 从句 A 用于表示意愿 建议 命令 提议 请求等动词后的 that 宾语从句中 这类动词有 ask 要求 advise 建议 arrange 安排 beg 请求 command 命令 decide 决定 demand 要求 desire 渴望 determine 决定 insist 坚持 intend 打算 maintain 坚持主张 move 建议 动员 propose 提 议 object 反对 order 命令 prefer 建议 require 需要 request 要求 resolve 下决心 recommend 推荐 suggest 建议 stipulate 约定 规定 urge 强调 促进 vote 公认 提议 decree 颁布 法令 pray 请求 注意 这类动词后面除了可接 that 虚拟句以外 也可以接 doing 或者 to do 来表达 一般 情况下 意思没有什么差别 She advised that we should keep the gate locked 书面体 She advised us to keep the gate locked 口语 She advised keeping the gate locked 较随便 B 用于 It is 形容词或过去分词 主语从句中 这类形容词或分词有 advisable 合理的 decided 决定的 crucial 关键的 appropriate 恰当的 determined 决定的 commanded 命令的 arranged 安排的 essential 紧要的 基本的 complied 遵照 anxious 焦 急的 imperative 迫切的 important 重要的 desirable 合意的 better 较好的 更好 insistent 坚持的 desired 想要 asked 请求 keen 渴望的 incredible 难以置信的 adamant 坚定不移的 natural 自然的 insisted 坚持 necessary 必要的 suggested 建议 urgent 紧迫 的 ordered 命令 shocked 震惊的 vital 极其重要的 possible 可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable 好一点 proposed 提议 requested 要求的 required 要求的 recommended 推荐 resolved 决定的 probable 可能的 pity 可惜 憾事 shame 遗憾 注意 这类形容词后面除了可接 that 虚拟句以外 也可以 for to do 来表达 一般情况 下 意思没有什么差别 It is essential that he should be prepared for this It is essential for him to be prepared for this C 用于由表示建议 要求 命令 请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中 这 类名词常见的有 advice 忠告 decision 决定 demand 要求 desire 要求 愿望 insistence 坚持 motion 提议 necessity 必要性 order 命令 preference 偏爱 proposal 提议 pray 恳求 recommendation 推荐 request 要求 requirement 要求 resolution 决心 suggestion 劝告 忠告 This is their resolution that extra curriculum activities be made part of their school life 这是他们的决议 要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分 The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record 该提 议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉 三 混合虚拟语气 有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间 这时需要用混合虚拟语气 一般来说 在这种情 况下 主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同 所以我们又可以错综时间条件句 在这种虚拟情况 用心 爱心 专心 3 动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用 在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语 时间 状语 绝大多数情况下 从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语 这是我解题的关键 If you that late movie last night you wouldn t be so sleepy A haven t watched B didn t watch C hadn t watched D wouldn t have watched 答案选 C Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something Had Paul received six more votes in the last election he would be our chairman now 混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句 这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同 而重要是事实和假设的混合 I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible but I was fully occupied the whole of last week 该句前半部分是假设虚拟 而后半部分是事实的陈述 Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time 该句前半句用的是假设虚拟 后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟 如果你去并且解释的话 但 是后半句的从句用的是事实语气 因为 父母病了 是客观事实 故不需要用虚拟形式 had been 四 含蓄虚拟条件句 含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句 而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件 但是 这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为 if 引导的条件句 常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段 有 1 介词或介词短语 如 but for but that without in case of under more favorable condition 等 the leadership of the party we could not be living a happy today If there hadn t been the leadership of the party we could not be living a happy today A In spite of B But for C Because of D As for 答案选 B But that she was afraid she would have said no 2 连词 如 so that unless in case supposing lest provided 倘若 for fear that 唯恐 in order that on condition that if only 要是 就好了 等 She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted if she listened carefully she might discover exactly what he wanted If only I had more money I could buy a car 注 lest for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用 should 动词原形 但 可以不用虚拟语气 而用动词的陈述语气形式 例如 The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him 这位外籍教师说得 很慢以免我们听不懂 Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur 在使用此法时 要小心谨慎 以免会发生溢流现象 3 通过上下文及内在含义 句中往往有 but otherwise unfortunately 等类似转折词 I thought the children when we returned home but they were still awake A were sleeping B would be sleeping C had been sleeping D would sleep 选择 B 用心 爱心 专心 4 4 形容词及其比较级 A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes A less conscientious man wouldn t have tried so hard to get this job done 5 分词短语 Having known in time we might have prevented the accident Born ten days earlier the boy could have seen his late father 6 动词不定式短语 一般 intended meant hoped wished planned 或 was were 不定式完 成式或 had intended meant planned hoped wished 不定式一般式表示虚拟 I intended I should call on you but I was busy at that time To hear him speak French you would take him for an Englishman 巩固练习 1 Are you in a hurry No in fact I ve got plenty of time I wait A must B need C may D should 2 Someone is knocking at the door it be Venis No it be her she left for New York this morning A Can mustn t B Might can t C May doesn t D Can can t 3 He didn t agree with me at first but I persuade him to sign the agreement later A could B might C should D was able to 4 Is there a movie on in the cinema tonight There be I will phone the cinema and find it out A might B should C can D could 5 You be careful when you cross here the traffic lights aren t working A can B ought to C might D may 6 You out last night I called you several times but nobody answered A must have been B must be C might have been D could be 7 You fail to pass the entrance examination if you don t study harder A shall B could C must D should 8 When I was studying at Beijing University I take a walk along the lake every evening A will B would C could D shall 9 The party turned out to be a failure I would rather it A not have attended B not attend C not to attend D not to have attended 10 Sir you be sitting in this seat It is for women or children only A can t B oughtn t to C won t D needn t 11 Shall I tell Li Ming about the matter No you He has known about it already A oughtn t to B needn t 用心 爱心 专心 5 C shouldn t D mustn t 12 Must I take a bus No you You can walk there A must not B don t C don t have to D had better not to 13 Why do you make me do so I am sorry that you do such a thing A would B can C should D may 14 Will you stay for lunch Sorry I My brother is coming to see me A mustn t B can t C needn t D won t 15 What would have happened as far as the riverbank A if Bob has walked farther B if Bob should walk farther C had Bob walked farther D should Bob walk farther 16 Oh Jane you ve broken another glass You ought when you washed it A be careful B to care C have cared D to have been careful 17 It s high time we to the theater A will go B shall go C are going to D went 18 Could I use your telephone Yes of course you A could B will C can D might 19 It s strange that they nothing about this matter A should know B would know C had known D knew 20 Do you still remember the day when we went to the Great Wall I can t remember it well but sometime last autumn A might it be B could it have been C could it be D must it have been 21 I can t get through to the general manager s office anyhow The line is busy Someone the telephone A must use B uses C must have been using D must be using 22 He suggests we to the cinema at once otherwise we will be late A must go B go C will go D would go 23 If only he me yesterday A had seen B would see C should see D saw 24 If you wait a moment I ll go and find our manager A can B should C will D must 25 It is rather cold here Shall we light a fire No we because things are easy to catch fire 用心 爱心 专心 6 A won t B can t C mustn t D needn t 26 If I you I more attention to English idioms and phrases A was shall pay B am will pay C would be would pay D were would pay 27 Would you have told him the answer had it been possible I would have but I so busy then A had been B were C was D would be 28 Can children swim in this pool Yes However at no time they do so by themselves A dare B should C need D could 29 Kunming is called Spring City but it snow in winter A shall B can C must D might 30 What s the matter with you Oh I m not feeling well in the stomach I so much fried fish just now A shouldn t eat B mustn t have eaten C shouldn t have eaten D mustn t eat 31 You look so upset What s wrong with you The door Can you help me A won t open B won t be opened C can t open D can t be opened 32 Mum I climbed to get the Teddy Bear from the top of the shelf My goodness You yourself You mustn t do that next time A must have hurt B should have hurt C may have hurt D can have hurt 33 Children under 12 years of age in that country be under adult supervision when he is in a public library A must B may C can D need 34 The interest be divided into five parts according to the agreement made by both sides declared the judge A may B should C must D shall 35 I don t mind telling you what I know You I m not asking you for it A mustn t B may not C can t D needn t 36 Mum I ve been studying English since 8 o clock I go out and play with Tom for a while No I m afraid not Besides it s raining outside now A Can t B Wouldn t C Dare not D Won t 37 Who is the girl standing over there Well if you know her name is Mabel A may B can C must D shall 用心 爱心 专心 7 38 The driver has drunk too much wine and dangerous things happen at any time A should B can C must D need 39 We booked Look this restaurant is almost empty A must have B can t have C should have D needn t have 40 Listen The fire engine is roaring There be a fire somewhere A should B must C will D ought to 答案及部分解析 1 5 CDDAB 6 10 AABAB 11 15 BCCBC 16 20 DDCAB 21 25 DBACC 26 30 DCBBC 31 35 ACADD 36 40 ACADB 1 may 表示 可以 2 can 用在疑问句和否定句中 表示可能性的推测 can t 表示 不可能 3 情态动词 can 和 be able to 都可表示能力 当表示 过去成功地做了某事 时 常 用 was were able to 4 由下文的 I will phone the cinema and find it out 可知此处应用 might may 或 might 用在肯定句中 表示可能性的推测 5 ought to 表示劝告 6 题意为 我昨天晚上打了几次电话都没有人接 你一定是出去了 must have done 常用来表示对过去发生情况的肯定推测 7 shall 用于第二人称或第三人称 表示说话者的意愿 有命令 警告 威胁 强制 允诺和决心之意 此题用 shall 表示 警告 8 情态动词 would 可以表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作 与 used to 相比 would 不含 有 现在已无此习惯 的意义 9 题意为 那次聚会以失败告终 我宁愿没参加 would rather not have done 表示的是过去发生的情况 10 由题意可知 此处应用 oughtn t to 表示 不应该 11 由 he has known about it