初中英语总复习资料七年级(人教版)

初中英语总复习资料 七年级 人教版 一 知识网络 重点内容概要 1 元音字母在重读开音节 闭音节中的读音 2 常用的日常交际用语 3 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词及基数词 4 动词 be am is are 的用法及人称代词 名词的数的一致性 5 一些表示方位 地点介词的用法 6 名词所有格 My father s watch the pic of Billy billy s pictures 7 冠词 a an the 的基本用法 8 以 What Where Who Whose Which How 等引导的疑问句和一般疑问句以及它们 的回答 9 能灵活运用人称代词的主格和宾格 10 掌握可数名词和不可数名词的用法 以及与其搭配使用的相关修饰词 11 There be 句型以及与 have has 的运用及区别 12 动词的现在进行时和一般现在时的运用 13 祈使句的肯定 否定形式 14 常用的句型及交际用语 15 人称代词主格和宾格的使用 16 可数名词和不可数名词的运用 17 常用的句型 18 现在进行时和一般现在时的使用 句型 词组精讲 Words and Expressions 1 Excuse me I m sorry 这两个句子是会话时常用客套语 1 Excuse me 表示 劳驾 请问 请原谅 对不起 打扰一下 等意思 多用于 句首 主要用于在请求别人帮忙时用 如 Excuse me is this watch yours Excuse me How can I get to the station 2 I m sorry 或 Sorry 一般用于听到别人的不幸或做了对不起别人的事情表示遗憾或向 其道歉 或不能够给对方提供信息或帮助时的场合 如 I m sorry I m late I m sorry to hear your mother is ill Sorry I can t go with you Sorry I won t do that again 2 it s its 1 it s 是 it is 的缩写形式 意思是 那是 2 its 是 it 的物主代词 具有形容词的性质 作定语 意思是 它的 如 This is a bird Its name is Polly 这是一只鸟 它的名字叫波莉 It s a cat Can you spell its name 那是一只 猫 你能拼出它的名字吗 3 listen hear 1 listen 意为 听 强调听的动作 当后接听的对象时要加 to 如 Listen Who is talking 听 谁在讲话 We re listening to the teacher 我们正在听老师讲课 2 hear 意为 听到 强调听的结果 如 I m listening to the teacher but I can t hear him 我正在听老师讲课 但我听不见他讲的话 4 not at all Not at all 1 not at all 意为 根本不 一点也不 not 放在助动词之后 如 He doesn t study hard at all 他学习一点也不认真 2 Not at all 意为 不用谢 没关系 回答对方的感谢 道歉时用语 如 Thank you very much Not at all 非常感谢 不用谢 5 speak say tell talk 这四个词都有 说 之意 1 speak 强调说话的能力和方式 后常接说的某种语言 如 Do you speak English 你讲 英语 2 say 强调说的内容 如 What is he saying 他在说什么 3 tell 意为 告诉 后常接双宾语或复合宾语 如 Let me tell you a story 让我给你们讲 个故事吧 The teacher often tells us to study hard 老师经常叫我们努力学习 4 talk 为不及物动词 构成短语 talk with talk to talk about 等 如 What are they talking about 他们正在谈论什么 6 old age old 指年龄 表示 岁的 意思 常和 how 一起构成疑问句 如 How old are you 你多大 age 是 年龄 的意思 通常和 what 一起构成特殊疑问句 如 What age is he 或 What s his age 他多大了 Old people aged people 介词 名词归纳 1 in 语言 表示用什么语言或用什么语言说 或写 如 What s this in English He is writing a letter to his father in Chinese 2 in pairs 意为 成双地 成对地 两人一组 如 Please ask and answer in pairs 3 in the wall 表示在墙里面 如 There is a hole in the wall 如果表示在墙的表面或墙上 用 on the wall 如 She put a map of China on the wall 4 at work 意为 在工作 work 前不加 the 类似这样的词组还有 at home 在家 at school 上学 at table 就餐 等 5 by 交通工具 表示 乘 如 by bike on the bike by train on the train by boat on the boat by plane air on the plane by ship sea on the ship by car in the car by bus in the bus 等 但 步行则用 on foot 来表达 6 on one s way 表示 在去 的途中 如 He found a dog walking in the street on his way home on one s way to school 在某人上学的途中 on one s way back 在某人返回的途中 7 on duty 表示 值日 如 Who s on duty today 今天谁值日 I am on duty 我值日 动词 介词 副词结构 1 动词 介词结构 这类词组无论其宾语是名词还是代词 都要放在介词之后 如 look after take care of 照看 照料 look like 看上去像 look at 看 be worried about 对 担忧 come from be from 来自 get to 到达 work on 从事 操作 turn on off 打开 关掉 come into 进入 2 动词 副词结构 这类词组后接宾语时 宾语如果是名词既可放在动词与副词之间 也可放在副词之后 如 果是人称代词 多放在动词和副词之间 如 hand up 举起手来 put on 穿上 挂上 贴上 take off 脱掉 put away 把 放好 把 收起来 There be 和 to have 句型 这两个句型都表示 有 的意思 There be 表示 存在 的关系 to have 侧重 所属关系 如 There are forty students in our class We have a happy family 使用 There be 和 to have 句型时还应注意以下几点 1 There be 句型中的就近一致原则 即 be 的形式与靠近它的主语一致 如 There is a table and two chairs in the room There are four chairs and a table in the room 2 就 There be 句型中的主语提问时 往往把 there 这个引导词省掉 如 There is a book on the desk 就划线部分提问 What s on the desk 3 当表示某物属于另一物中不可分割的一部分时 往往用 to have 句型 如 桌子有四条 腿 The table has four legs 4 美国英语常用 have got 表示 有 如 They have got an English Chinese dictionary 二 考试热点 1 人称代词和物主代词的运用 2 疑问词的正确运用 3 be 与主语的数的一致性 4 介词的常见用法 5 人称代词的主格和宾格 6 现在进行时和一般现在时 主要题型有用所给词的适当形式填空 交际运用 7 交际运用 三 重 难点突破 1 代词的正确运用 疑问词的运用及 be 的使用 在运用代词时 我们应从所替代名词的 数 性别着手 并根据它在句中的位置来确定是主格还是宾格 是用名词性物主代词还是 形容词性物主代词 具体来说 在主语的位置用主格 在动词 介词或副词后作宾语时 要用宾格 而形容词性物主代词后面要带名词 2 疑问词的使用则要根据疑问词能作什么成分 是问时间 地点 颜色 人还是物等以及 其答语来做出选择 3 be 的使用要看主语是单数名词 不可数名词 还是复数名词来确定 主要题型有用所 给词的适当形式填空 交际运用 4 正确区分可数名词和不可数名词十分重要 不可数名词作主语时 谓语要用单数 而可 数名词又有单复数之分 一般地 many a few few 只修饰可数名词 much a little little 只修饰不可数名词 而 some any a lot of lots 两者均可修饰 5 现在进行时的使用关键在于其构成和依其常用的时态标志词 如 look listen now 等 来判断 一般现在时的难点在其疑问 否定的变化和当主语为单数第三人称时其谓语动词 的变化 现在以 work 为例来看看一般现在时的句式变化规律 He works every day He doesn t work every day Does he work every day 即一般变化规律 注意 谓语动词为行为动词或连系动词时 be 型不在此例 主语 谓语十其他 否定 主语 don t doesn t 谓语动词原形 其他 疑问 Do Does 主语 谓语动词原形 其他 总之 这两种时态的正确使用关键在于用法和常用时间状语 四 典型例题 考题导析 例 1 语音题 选出划线部分的读音与其他三个划线部分读音不同的单词 1 A lake B cat C take D cake 2 A bed B desk C she D let 3 A fish B fine C nice D time 4 A box B hot C shop D home 分析 此题考查元音字母在重读开音节 闭音节中的读音 关键之处是学生对重读开音节 闭音节要了解 1 小题的 A B C D 中只有 B 是闭音节 a 发 音 其余都是开音节 a 发 ei 音 2 小题 C 为开音节 e 发 i 音 其余都是闭音节 e 发 e 音 3 小题 A 为闭音节 i 发 i 音 其余都是开音节 i 发 ai 音 4 小题 D 为开音节 o 发 音 其余都是闭音节 发 音 例 2 选择填空 A pencil box is this Patrick B It s A Whose mine B Who s mine C Whose my D Who s my 分析 此题考查疑问词的正确使用及两种物主代词的用法 首先要分清 Whose 与 Who s 的读音相同 但含义不同 Whose 谁的 Who 是谁 谁是 根据题意 询问 铅 笔盒是谁的 那么答案从 A 和 C 中选择 而形容词性的物主代词要用于名词之前 名词 性物主代词相当于一个形容词性的物主代词和名词 故此题答案为 A 例 3 I found the bottle in room A Sara and Kate B Sara s and Kate s C Sara s and Kate D Sara and Kate s 分析 此题考查名词所有格 英语中表示所属 在人名后加上 s 但两人共有一物 只在 最后一人名后加 s 故此题答案为 D 例 4 Jack and Tom are A good friends B good friend C a good friend D good a friend 分析 此题考查名词的数与 be 动词的一致性 Jack 和 Tom 是两人 谓语是 are 故朋友 friend 一词应加 s 所以答案为 A 例 5 1 Who s that A I m Tom speaking B My name is Tom C Tom speak D This is Tom speaking 2 This is Mr Smith speaking now A Who are you B Who s that C Who are you calling D What do you want to say 分析 此两题考查英语打电话的交际用语 打电话中问对方是谁 要说 Who s that 不能说 Who are you 而回答 我是 要说 This is 不能说 I am 故答案为 1 D 2 B 例 6 Lily it s Linda s birthday tomorrow Oh yes I will buy a big birthday cake A him B you C her D it 分析 此题考查人称代词的正确使用 根据语境分析 准备给 Linda 买蛋糕 由于 Linda 是 女孩的名字 故要用 她 一词来代替 而用于动词后的人称代词要用宾格 所以正确答 案为 C 例 7 Is this cake for A I B my C me D mine 分析 此题同样考查人称代词用于介词之后应用宾格这一用法 所以 C 答案为正确的 例 8 Listen Someone in the next room A cry B is crying C are crying D crying 分析 此题有一关键词 listen 提示此处应用现在进行时态填空 而 Someone 作主语时 谓语用单数形式 故答案为 B 例 9 How many do you want A glasses of milk B glass of milks C glasses of milks D milks 分析 此题有两处应该注意 一是不可数名词无复数形式 二是 How many 与可数名词的 复数形式搭配 所以此题正确答案为 A 例 10 There pencil box two books and some flowers on the desk A is a B are some C has a D have some 分析 英语中 有 可以用 there be 结构和 have has 但两者用法不同 there be 表示存 在有 即 某地有 而 have has 表示所有 即 某人 物 有 此题的 on the desk 表明某地有 C D 则不能选 而根据 there be 句型中主谓一致 就近的原则 pencil box 没有用复数形式 故答案选 A 例 11 That s coat It s A yours Tom s B your Tom x C your Tom D yours Tom 分析 此题考查代词和名词所有格的用法 名词性物主代词相当于一个形容词性物主代词 加上一个名词 故由第一空可排除 A D 两项 又由句竟 它是汤姆的上衣 知 应选 B 解后反思 根据句意和所处位置来确定代词是解题的关键 例 12 一 This is a photo of when they were young 一 OK how happy they both looked A my father and mother B my mother and father s C my mother s and father s D my father s and my mother 分析 此题考查名词的所有格 A D 不合所有格用法 故可以排除 又由题意可知这张相 片是共有的 故选 B 解后反思 英语中名词表示所属 在人名后加 s 如两人共有一物 则在最后一人名后 加 s 若为两人各自所有的 则在两人名后分别加 s 例 13 Where my money I can t find it Look some money under your chair A There has B There are C There is D lt s 分析 此题显然考查 there be 句型 there be 句型中 be 的数要采取就近原则 即 be 的效由 离它最近的主语来决定 本题主语 some money 是不可数名词 故谓语要用单数 所以选 C 解后反思 在 there be 句型中不会出现 have 的各种形式 例 14 Can I get you a drink That s very nice of you I ve already got A it B one C that D this 分析 此题考查这四个指示代词的用法 当被替代的名词前有修饰语时 要用 one 或 ones 当替代不可数名词时不能用 one 只用 that 而 it 替代同类事物中的同一件事物 this 是近指 往往替代即将要说的 且 that this it 前均不带修饰语 故此题选 B 例 15 I m thirsty I want to buy A two bottles of oranges B two bottles of orange C two bottle of oranges D two bottle of orange 分析 此题考查不可敷名词的计量表达法 oranges 是橘子之意 显然与 thirsty 不符 故 A C 可排除 D 也不行 选 B 解后反思 orange 是多义词 当 橘汁 讲时 是不可数名词 当 橘子 讲是可数名 词 不可数名词的量化常用 数词 量词 of 不可数名词 结构 当数量超过一时 量词应 用复数 如本题 B 例 16 Look The boys happily in the river A swim B swam C will swim D are swimming 分析 此题考查谓语的时态 由 look 这一关键词可知 此处应用现在进行时 故答案为 D 解后反思 谓语动词的时态是由时间状语 暗示词或上下文来确定的 它的数由主语决定 所以 做这种题 要纵观全局 例 17 Kate has lost keys so she asks for help A her mine B hers me C hers I D her me 分析 此题考查代词的用法 由前空所处位置知该空应填形容词性物主代词 而后句意为 她向 寻求帮助 即 asks sb for help 故后空应填代词宾格 故选 D 解后反思 作宾语的代词要用宾格 而作定语的代词要用形容词性物主代词 正误例析 1 那个男孩是谁 误 Whose that boy 正 Who s that boy 析 whose 和 who s 虽然发音一样 但在句子中的功能却大不相同 前者表示 谁的 作定语用 后者表示 是谁 是系表结构 有时 who s 也可作主谓结构 如 Whose book is this Who s that girl over there Who s talking in the next room 2 这条裤子是我的 误 This trouser is mine 正 This pair of trousers is mine The trousers are mine 析 某物如果是由两个对称的部分组成的 该物应用复数形式 如 shoes glasses compasses 圆规 等 如果表示 一条 一双 一副 等时 往往用 a this that pair of 该物 这一结构作主语时谓语动词用单数 如果前面与物主代词或名词所有格 连用作主语时 谓语动词用复数 如 That pair of glasses is hers My shoes are black 3 请把你的自行车借给我 误 Please borrow your bike to me 正 Please lend your bike to me Please lend me your bike 析 lend sth to sb lend sb sth 意为 把某物借给某人 即从物主那儿借出去 borrow sth from sb 意为 从某人那儿借来某物 五 强化训练 I 单词拼写 A 按要求写出下列单词的适当形式 1 family 复数 2 my 名词性物主代词 3 swim 现在分词 4 meet 同音词 5 short 反义词 6 study 第三人称单数 7 friend 形容词 8 question 同义词 9 they 宾格 10 boys 所有格形式 B 根据句意及首字母提示 补全单词 11 The bottle is e I want a full one 12 In the classroom there are many pictures on the t desk 13 May I borrow your dictionary Of c Here you are 14 He likes t by train because it s cheap and safe 15 Tom is at the door of the classroom But it is l He can t open it C 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 16 Li Ning can speak English 17 There are three knife on the table 18 We re doing we homework at home 19 The school gate is close now 20 You can eat difference kinds of food in that restaurant II 选择填空 21 girl has apple apple is big and red A An an The B The an The C A a An D The an An 22 These are cups are over there A our Yours B yours Mine C his Our D Their Your 23 I often go to school What about you I often to school A by bus ride a bike B by a bus ride a bike C by a bus by a bike D by bus ride bike 24 This is Lucy s pen Please A give her to it B give her it C give it to her D give it her 25 that I think Han Mei A Who s it s B Whose its C Who s its D Whose it s 26 I have two pens One is blue is black A other B others C the other D another 27 Your English is very good A Yes you re right B Thank you C That s right D No it s not good 28 Your coat is here Please A put on them B put them on C put on it D put it on 29 do you like about Beijing The people and the food A How B Where C Which D What 30 she a computer A Is have B Is has C Does has D Does have 31 Let s go and A play football B play the football C play a football D to play football 32 Nice to meet you A Nice to see you B Hello how are you C Nice to meet you too D Thank you very much 33 What s wrong your bike It s broken A with B on C for D about 34 It s seven o clock Kate supper now A have B has C are having D is having 35 Who is the woman in the car She is mother A Kate s and Mary s B Kate and Mary s C Kate and Mary D Kate s and Mary 36 You like basketball Would you like a new one A play buying B to play buy C to play buying D playing to buy 37 I d like a pair of shoes Please show me the white pair A Can I help you B What do you do C What are you doing D Will you please help me 38 Very nice to you A talk B talking C talks D to talk 39 What does he at the meeting A say B tell C talk D speak 40 It s five o clock A What day is it please B What s the name please C What s the time please D What s this please III 动词应用 41 My father get up at 5 30 every morning 42 It s time have classes Let s go 43 not be late for school again 44 Would you like something eat 45 I can help you carry the heavy box 46 Look They play games over there 47 What Wang Fang do She is a teacher 48 What about watch TV now 49 There be an English book and two Chinese books on the desk 50 How long it take you to get to your home IV 句型转换 51 She does her homework in the evening 改为一般疑问句 she her homework in the evening 52 There is some milk in the bottle 改为否定句 There milk in the bottle 53 Do they work in a factory 改为现在进行时 they in a factory 54 She often goes to school by bike 对划线部分提问 she often go to school 55 You can t take off your coat 改为祈使句 your coat off 56 What s your father Lucy 改为同义句 What your father Lucy 57 The girl behind the house is my sister 对划线部分提问 the girl behind the house 58 I d like an apple 用 an orange 改为选择疑问句 you like an apple an orange 59 There are some trees near the school 对划线部分提问 near the school 60 Why don t you get up at six in the morning 改为同义句 get up at six in the morning V 补全对话 A What are you doing B I m looking for my pen But I 61 find it A You can borrow mine B Thanks a lot But I must 62 one in the shop A 63 shop B The one over there Could you go with 64 A Certainly B 65 can I do for you A I want a pen please B OK 66 you 67 A Thank you 68 69 is it B It s four yuan Is that 70 A Yes Thank you Good bye B Bye VI 完形填空 Mike and Jack are monks 和尚 Mike is short and fat Jack is tall and thin They 71 brothers but they live 72 same room Every morning they go out 73 food One day they go out for food very 74 They are on a road to a village There aren t any men on the road