湖南省长沙县实验中学2013届高三英语 阅读专题 细节理解题学案

1 湖南省长沙县实验中学湖南省长沙县实验中学 20132013 届高三英语阅读专题 细节理解题学案届高三英语阅读专题 细节理解题学案 常见的几种命题形式 1 Which of the following statements is True Not True 2 Which of the questions has not been mentioned or discussed in the passage 3 What is the reason that 4 What do we know about 5 What does the writer pay least attention to 6 Which of the following is not the result of 细节理解题大致有如下几种常考题型 1 1 直接信息题直接信息题 直接信息题能直接从原文中找到信息 而且选项和原文在语言表述上也没有大的变化或有 时候仅仅在表达方式上稍作转化 典例 Lipitor is a prescription medicine Along with diet and exercise it lowers bad cholesterol 胆固醇 in your blood It can also raise good cholesterol Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors including family history of early heart disease high blood pressure age and smoking 1 What s the major function of Lipitor A To help quit smoking B To control blood pressure C To improve unhealthy diet D To lower bad cholesterol 2 2 间接信息题间接信息题 这类题目我们能够从文章中找到信息 但原文信息又不是解题所直接需要的 需要我们对 原文信息进行合理地加工处理 根据信息作简单推理或鉴别 它是介于直接信息题和推理 判断题之间的一种题型 典例 To you the most important decision you ll make is to choose the school that real ly fits you best not the one that is the most competitive or the one has the best equipped rooms 1 The author thinks you should choose the college that is A wellequipped B competitive C suitable D famous 典例 The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map nearest is Windsor Street 3 minutes walk The House may present difficulties but the Visitors Centre its exhibition and the garden are accessible to wheelchair user 1 A wheelchair user may need help to enter A the House B the garden C the Visitor s Centre D the exhibition hall 典例 According to Dr Wendy Gamble of the university of Arizona kids don t need any instructions in lying It comes naturally to them 1 How do children learn how to lie A Instructions from parents B School education C Social experiences D Basic instinct 3 3 综合信息题综合信息题 这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话 还可能涉及文章的几句话 而且有时可能散 落在文章的不同地方 因此要求考生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析 而不能 断章取 义 也不能张冠李戴 典例 Third needing to be right it doesn t matter what the topic is 2 politics the laws of physics or the proper way to break an egg the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong for both wish to be considered an authority someone who actually knows something and therefore to command respect Unfortunately as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other they ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress 1 Parents and teens want to be right because they want to A give orders to the other B know more than the other C gain respect from the other D get the other to behave properly 典例 Sally arrived early As she walked around the old house she couldn t help feeling sad because of what was about to happen It was almost a year since her dear grandmother had passed away in this house at the age of ninety two The family had very much wanted to keep all her things Unfortunately the family business had failed and left them with heavy debts The bank now forced them to have an auction sale to repay their debts The auction was to be held today 1 Why did Sally feel sad when she came to the old house A Because her grandmother had died B Because her family were in heavy debts C Because she knew she could pay for the debts D Because her family had to sell her grandma s belongings 4 4 数字计算题数字计算题 这是细节题的一种 要求考生根据阅读材料中给出的信息和有关的数据 通过计算 得出 正确的结论 解答此类题的关键是要弄清各个数据间的关系 确定计算方法 弄清众多信 息中哪些属于有用信息 哪些属于干扰信息 不要孤立看待数字信息 而要抓住一些关键 用语的意义 典例 The film Titanic received 14 nominations for the 70th Academy Award and it is not the only one that has been given such an honor The following is a list of films receiving 12 or more Academy Award nominations and the number of Oscars they ended up winning Titanic 1997 14 nominations 11awards All About Eve 1950 14 nominations 6 awards Gone with the Wind 1939 13 nominations 8awards Mary Poppins 1964 13nominations 5 awards Who s Afraid of Virginia Woolf 1966 13 nominations 5 awards 1 From this passage we learn that the Academy Award came into being in A 1928 B 1919 C 1927 D 1898 典例 2008 年全国高考 安徽卷 D 篇 Tuition Fees 学费 Tuition fees are different from department to department generally from 5 000 to 6 000 a year For further information tui waikato ac nz Accommodation 住宿 You can have a room in a 4 bedroom flat which will cost about 100 a month with other regular living costs of about 150 a month for one person For further information acc waikato ac nz 69 You have to pay at least a year if you study at the University of Waikato A 5 250 B 8 000 C 9 000 D 11 000 3 典例 2010 年 江苏卷 BORDER CROSSINGS While there are no restrictions on the amount of money that you can bring across the border you must report to both the US and Canadian border services amounts equal to or greater than 10 000 PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS 免税 ON PURCHASES AMERICANS RETURNING TO THE US Less than 48 hours 200 US 48 hours or more 800 US duty free personal exemption next 1 000 US at 3 Including up to 100 cigars and 100 cigarettes CANADIANS RETURNING TO CANADA Less than 24 hours 50 CAN 48 hours or more 400 CAN Including up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes 7 days or more 750 CAN Including up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes 64 If a Canadian who is on a 7 day trip to New York buys 800 CAN worth of goods how much should he pay tax on when returning home A 800 CAN B 750 CAN C 400 CAN D 50 CAN 65 For an American citizen on a 2 day tour of Canada how much tax does he have to pay on 1 600 US worth of purchases when returning to the US A 24 US B 48 US C 52 US D 200 US 典例 2010 年 全国卷 Ariau Amazon Towers Prices starting at 300 one night for each person for a regular room and going all the way up to 3 000 for the Tarzan Suite The Ice Hotel Prices starting at 318 one night for each person for either a cold room or a warm one Propeller Island Prices starting at just 91 a night and an additional person for only 20 extra dollars 55 For two persons spending a night in one of these hotels they have to pay at least A 111 B 182 C 600 D 636 5 5 排序题 排序题 这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系 找出事件的正确 顺序 做此类试题时可采用 首尾法定位法 即找出事件发展的首与尾 迅速缩小范围 从而快速选出正确选项 或直接逐一 用排除法按顺序排除 得出正确选项 典例 2008 年全国高考 浙江卷 D 篇 People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists Once at the store a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system 系统 4 that will organize the trip around the store If you re looking for toothpicks you type in the word or pick it from a list and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them 54 Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts a Start the system b Make a shopping list c Find the things you want D Go to a self checkout stand A abdcB bacd C acbd D bcad 典例 2010 年 福建卷 F Scott Fitzgerald born on September 24 1896 an American novelist was once a student of St Paul Academy the Newman School and attended Princeton University for a short while In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre Then he had to make some money to impress her This Side of Paradise his first novel was published in 1920 Then he continued with a play The Vegetable 1923 But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby published in 1925 which quick brought him praise from the literary world Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security However Fitzgerald s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life but failed While his wife was in hospital in the United States he got totally addicted to alcohol 57 Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald s life according to the passage a He became addicted to drinking b He studied at St Paul Academy c He published his first novel This Side of Paradise d The Great Gatsby won high praise e He failed to reorder his life f He joined the army and met Zelda A f c e a b d B b e a f c d C f d e c b a D b f c d e a 6 6 代词指代题解题技能 代词指代题解题技能 代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义 此类题一般是在人物或事物 关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型 所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在 典例 2008 年全国卷 C 篇 The theory is supported by the facts that so far none of the stolen cars have been returned Also the amount of money demanded under 3 000 Taiwanese dollars seems too little for a car worth many times more Demands for pigeon delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story And even if they start again Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal We have more important things to do he said 52 The underlined word they in the last paragraph refers to A criminals B pigeons C the stolen cars D demands for money 5 典例 2008 年全国高考 天津卷 E 篇 Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem often over fairly long periods of time Indeed it would be strange if they had not done this Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society The act of discovery even in the relatively predictable 可以预见的 sense that it occurs in everyday learning involves 涉及 a sudden insight which changes the problem situation into a solution situation As we have seen everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past which is involved in the solution 54 What does the underlined word this refer to A Great contributions to the society B Long time study of the subject matter C Various statements about problem solving D Complete devotion to artistic creation 课后练习 一 2008 年全国高考 上海卷 A 篇 You either have it or you don t a sense of direction that is But why is it that some people could find their way across the Sahara without a map while others can lose themselves in the next street Scientists say we re all born with a sense of direction but it is not properly understood how it works One theory is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it Research being carried out at Liverpool University supports this idea and suggests that if we don t use is we lose it Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around says Jim Martland Research Director of the project However if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car they never develop the skills Jim Martland also emphasizes that young people should be taught certain skills to improve their sense of direction He makes the following suggestions If you are using a map turn it so it relates to the way you are facing If you leave your bike in a strange place put it near something like a big stone or a tree Note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike When you return go back along the same route Simplify the way of finding your direction by using lines such as streets in a town streams or walls in the countryside to guide you Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any landmarks such as tower blocks or hi lls which can help to find out where you are Now you need never get lost again 65 Scientists believe that A some babies are born with a sense of direction B people learn a sense of direction as they grow older 6 C people never lose their sense of direction D everybody possesses a sense of direction from birth 66 What is true of seven year old children according to the passage A They never have a sense of dire ction without maps B They should never be allowed out alone if they lack a sense of direction C They have a sense of direction and can find their way around D They can develop a good sense of direction if they are driven around in a car 68 According to the passage the best way to find your way around is to A ask policemen for directions B use walls streams and streets to guide yourself C remember your route by looking out for steps and stairs D count the number of landmarks that you see 二 2008 年全国卷 I II C 篇 Welcome to Adventureland Everyone loves Adventureland The Parks and Exhibitions were built for you to explore 探索 enjoy and admire their wonders Every visit will be an unforgettable experience You will go away enriched longing to come back What are you going to do this time The Travel Pavilion Explore places you have never been to before and experience different ways of life Visit the Amazon jungle village the Turkish market the Tai floating market the Berber mountain house and others Talk to the people there who will tell you about their lives and things they make You can try making a carpet making nets fishing The Future Tower This exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives It allows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way we ll be living then Spend some time in our space station climb into our simulator 模拟装置 for the Journey to Mars The Nature Park This is not really one park but several In the Safari Park you can drive among African animals in one of our Range Cruisers see lions giraffes elephants in the wild Move on to the Ocean Park to watch the dolphins and whales And then there is still the Aviary to see The Pyramid This is the center of Adventureland Run out of film need some postcards and stamps For all these things and many more visit our underground shopping centre Come here for information and ideas too 63 The Travel Pavilion is built to help visitors A realize the importance of traveling B become familiar with mountain countries 7 C learn how to make things such as fishing nets D learn something about different places in the world 64 If you are interested in knowing about what people s life wil