辽宁省营口市2014高考英语 阅读理解、短文填单词类训练题（7）VIP

1 辽宁营口市辽宁营口市 20142014 高考英语阅读理解 短文填单词类训练题 高考英语阅读理解 短文填单词类训练题 7 7 及答 及答 案案 阅读下列短文 按要求完成读写任务 江苏卷 Usually when your teacher asks a question there is only one correct answer But there is one question that has millions of correct answers That question is What s your name Everyone gives a different answer but everyone is correct Have you ever wondered about people s names Where do they come from What do they mean People s first names or given names are chosen by their parents Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used Some parents choose the name of a well known person A boy could be named George Washington Smith a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones Some people give their children names that mean good things Clara means bright Beatrice means one who gives happiness Donald means world ruler Leonard means as brave as a lion The earliest last names or surnames were taken from place names A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook 小溪 someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long paved road The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest Other early surnames came from people s occupations The most common occupational name is Smith which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals In the past smiths were very important workers in every town and village Some other occupational names are Carter a person who owned or drove a cart Potter a person who made pots and pans The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village The Carpenter s great great great grandfather probably built houses and furniture Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin or their size or their special abilities When there were two men who were named John in the same village the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer 2 Some family names were made by adding something to the father s name English speaking people added s or son The Johnsons are descendants of John the Roberts family s ancestor was Robert Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell 以约 30 词概括文章大意 根据短文内容选择最佳答案 1 Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover A Places where people lived B People s characters C Talents that people possessed D People s occupations 2 According to the passage the ancestors of the Potter family most probably A owned or drove a cart B made things with metals C made kitchen tools or contains D built houses and furniture 3 Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new born son to become a world leader the baby might be named A Beatrice Smith B Leonard Carter C George Longstreet D Donald Greenwood 4 The underlined word descendants in the last paragraph means a person s A later generations B friends and relatives C colleagues and partners D later sponsors 参考答案 部分 3 People s first names usually have special meanings and their last names always have something to do with their occupations the places where they live their ancestors or even their appearance 30 words 部分 1 B 2 解析 从Potter答案 C 3 解析 从Donald答案 D 4 解析 词义推测题 由 Some family names were made by adding something to the father s name English speaking people added s son 答案 A 结束 阅读文章简答题阅读文章简答题 解题步骤解题步骤 一 浏览试题 画出试题关键词 通过读题 画出题目所需信息的关键词 一可预测文章内容 二便于在阅读文章时有的 放矢地查读有效信息 节省阅读时间 可结合四个小题所涉及的内容来预测文章内容 如此 带着预测 再结合寻找问题关键词的目的去阅读 自然就提高了阅读效率 二 带着问题速读文章 根据试题关键词定位答题信息 在浏览试题 预测文章内容的基础上速读文章 其主要目的是为了找到答题所需信息 而所需信息肯定与试题关键词有关 故可采用略读阅读法 即 紧扣关键词 浏览全文 找 出信息句 阅读时 与关键词无关的句子或段落要速读 而与关键词相关处要细读 因为试 题关键词处不仅仅是答题的关键之处 也是揭示全文主题所在 三 推敲理解信息句 遣词组句答问题 做好阅读简答题此步是关键 因为受词数限制 不能全部用原文信息句作答 而要深层 次地推敲理解信息句 提炼概括出有针对性的语句作答 其主要方法有三 一是采用转换词 性 采用代词 单词代短语 语句转换 提炼主要信息舍弃次要信息等方法精简语句 二是 用概括性的语句归纳信息句 三是采用文章上下文中的有关提示语或信息句中的关键词作答 即 尽量用短文中出现的词组或短语 句子的用词也应以短文中出现的关键词为先 若必须 要用自己的语言组织表达时 则要注意句子结构的精炼 完整和时态的正确 阅读文章简答题阅读文章简答题 解题技巧解题技巧 一 词汇语义题 词汇语义题目的在于考查考生转述 paraphrase 或解释 explain 某个词或短语在特定 场合下的特定含义的能力 其出题方式为 Find in the passage a word closest in 4 meaning to the underlined word 重点考查动词 名词 形容词 副词等实词或 动词短语 回答该题时所用词必须与问题中的原词在词性和词的形式上均一致 如 要么都 是动词 且都为动词过去式或动词现在分词形式 要么都是名词 且都用名词复数形式 解题时 要找出原词在文章中的同义词或近义代换词 一要注意理解原词在所在句的逻 辑意义 如 解释什么与什么之间的关系 修饰什么事物等 二要注意破折号 同位语从句 定语从句 插入语等具有解释 说明作用的语言成分 以此推敲猜测原词的意义 借此帮助 寻找文中的代换词 例如 2007 年湖南高考英语卷第 73 题 Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word angling 分析画线词所在句 It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia 可知 angling 在此 陈述北磁极的现状 说明北磁极与西伯利亚之间的关系 即 北磁极正朝西伯利亚方向 angling 借此分析给予的提示 不难找到信息句 the north magnetic pole is moving due to natural changes in the Earth s magnetic field 和 the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year 由此推断 angling 意为 moving migrating 二 细节设问题 这类题所占比重最大 以 how what why 提问的问题为主 一般说来考生在文章中找 到答案出处并不太难 难的是如何处理 转换信息 从而归纳出问题的答案 因为简答题要 求考生既要用最简短的语言 又不能原封不动地照搬原文的整句话 此外 在回答细节题时 一定要注意提问方式和答案的协调性 不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答 不能仅仅为 了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形式上的对应 例如 就目的提问 就应该用表示目的的用语作答 例如使用 for 短语 不定式短语 就原因提问 答案就应当用 because of 短语或 because 从句 也可用不定式短语作答 就 事件的可能性提问 答案通常用简短而完整的简单句 提问词是 what 多用名词或名词性短 语 名词性从句来回答 提问词是 how 则多用 by doing sth by means of sth 的形 式回答 例如 2009 年湖南高考英语卷第 73 题 What did Grandfather do in Hershey s factory 回答词数不超过 12 个 是就事件的可能性提问 故可用简单句作答为 He pushed the vats of warm chocolate to a storage area 2008 年湖南高考英语卷第 73 题 What kind of tools are the sculptors Not permitted to use 回答词数不超过 6 个 根据第二段的有效信息句 The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on hard iced snow but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity 用名词性短语作答为 The tools 5 that use electricity 2010 年湖南高考英语卷第 81 题 What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have No more than 5 words 根据第一段 Linda wakes up and tries to imagine the wide eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them 可用简单句作答为 They will feel greatly surprised 2011 湖南高考英语卷第 83 题 What excuses did the author keep giving herself to stop No more than 9 words 可根据第四段 I kept giving myself the excuse to stop No one would be disappointed No one would even know 来确定答案为 No one would be disappointed or even know 2012 年湖南高考英语卷第 81 题 Why did the author apply everywhere that summer No more than 12 words 根据第二段第二句 I wanted to save up money and buy my own car so I applied everywhere I could that summer 可知答案为 He wanted to save up money and buy his own car 湖南省 2007 年高考考试大纲英语科补充说明 提供的阅读简答题样题的 75 题 What is the villagers main purpose to rebuild their community 回答词数不超过 6 个 此题提问目的 可用不定式短语回答 To keep their culture alive To save their way of life 三 主旨大意题 此类题常见的提问方式有 What is the main idea of the passage text What is the passage text mainly about What is the best title for this passage text 回 答这类题的关键是要抓住文章的主旨句 而文章的主旨句大多出现在三个位置 文章首句 一段末二段首转折后的信息 文章末句 但考生应注意不可照抄原句 而需重新归纳 组织 概括 有的只需稍作归纳或对主题句作适当改写即可 主旨句为判断句式 具有高度概括性 其答案形式有两种 简单句式和词组式 多为名词词组或动词词组 例如 2007 年湖南 高考英语卷第 75 题 全文主题句为首段中的 It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia 由下文语义逻辑关系可以推断 angling 即 为 移动 之意 再结合全文内容稍加归纳 可以判断答案为 The north magnetic pole is moving faster 答题形式为简单句式 再如 请根据某文首句 One thing Britain is famous for is pubs and no trip to the UK would be complete without a visit to one of the thousands of pubs across the country 回答问题 What is the best title of the passage 回答词 数不超过 5 个 问题明显是主旨题 直接对应首句 该句是由系动词 is 构成的判断句 6 具有高度概括性 告诉读者整篇文章在围绕英国的 pub 进行论述 由此判断最佳标题为 Pubs in the UK 答案形式为名词词组式 四 逻辑推理题 逻辑推理题旨在考查考生根据已知信息进行合理推断的逻辑思维能力 要求根据字面意 思 通过语篇逻辑关系 研究细节暗示 推敲作者态度 理解文章寓意后再作回答 提问方 式通常为 Why What can be inferred concluded from What is the author s attitude toward What does the author use the examples of to show 逻辑推理题要求考生在理解整体语篇的基础上 掌握文章的真正内涵 进行合理的推断 具体地说 要注意 要吃透文章的字面意思 从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索 这是推 理的前提和基础 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工 通过分析 综合 判断等 进行深 层处理 符合逻辑地推理 要忠实于原文 以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行推断 切 忌主观臆想 凭空想象 随意揣测 要把握句 段之间的逻辑关系 了解语篇的结构 把 握作者的写作思路 例如 2008 年湖南高考阅读简答题的 75 小题 Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006 回答词数不超过 15 个 文章只是在倒数第二段提到美国队在 2006 年冰雕锦标赛上荣获冠军 但未直接提到获奖原因 而需考生作一定的逻辑思维推理 既然美国队的冰雕作品能获奖 自然是因为评委们认为他们的作品是最好的 评委们又是根 据什么确认他们的作品是最好的呢 自然就想到了评奖细则 而文章第四段的 The judges then vote on creativity technical skills and visual impact of the designs 就 提到了评奖细则 由此可判断作答为 Because its sculpture was judged the best for creativity technical skills and visual impact 再如 2009 年湖南高考阅读简答题的 74 小题 Why didn t Hershey fire Grandfather 回答词数不超过 10 个 文中没有直接用 一个句子说出我爷爷保住工作的原因 而是通过最后一段 Hershey 所说的话 It s not your fault son I need to watch where I m going 来暗示 Hershey 没有解雇我爷爷 的原因是因为他意识到错在自己而不是爷爷 由此可判断作答为 Because he realized it was his own fault Because he realized it was not Grandfather s fault mistake 结束 阅读文章简答题阅读文章简答题 四 2012 湖南浏阳一中模拟 You have often heard it said Don t sweat the small stuff When it comes to unnecessary worry everything is small stuff however when it comes to paying attention to details in your business or personal life there are no small things 7 One of my favorite titles for a book is Elephants Don t Bite which describes how big things are rarely what you have to worry about It s the small details that trick us into making a mistake Elephants don t bite but mosquitoes always do Think of your last good experience in a restaurant or on a flight If you really examine what made this a good experience you will discover that it was quite likely a series of small things or even one small extra detail The unexpected kind greeting or warm thank you makes all the difference in the world When I look at the list of my favorite restaurants one of the details that will get an establishment on the list is to know and remember my name The waiter or host may have simply checked the notebook before greeting me by name However it really doesn t matter as much th