高中英语 词汇详解（Module6 The World’s Cultural Heritage）教学素材 外研版选修7

1 知识感悟知识感悟 一 词汇详解一 词汇详解 1 agree1 agree vi vi 同意 赞成 同意 赞成 同同 一致 一致 食物 气候食物 气候 适合适合 典型例句典型例句 I don t agree with your words 我不同意你的话 His story agrees with the facts 他的陈述和事实相符 The wet weather doesn t agree with me 这潮湿的天气不适合我 Eggs don t agree with me 鸡蛋不适合我 的体质 相关链接相关链接 1 agree with 后跟 某人 或 某人的话 例如 She didn t agree with me what I said 她不同意我 我所说的话 2 agree to do sth 同意做某事 例如 He agreed to go with me 他同意和我一起去 3 agree on 就 某一点 达成协议 一致看法 根据此意义 其主语应该是复数 例 如 We agreed on a date 我们决定了日期 4 agree to a plan proposal suggestion 同意 计划 提议 建议 表达此意时 agree to 相当于 accept 接受 5 名词形式为 agreement 一致 同意 协议 2 remain2 remain vi vi 停留 保持 仍然停留 保持 仍然 典型例句典型例句 I went to the city but my brother remained at home 我去了城市 可弟弟留在了家里 Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman 彼得当了法官 但约翰仍然是个渔民 He s determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way 他决心不管发生什么事都忠心于球队 The death of the innkeeper still remains a mystery 客栈老板之死仍然是一个谜 It still remains to be seen 情形还需拭目以待 知识归纳知识归纳 1 remain 没有被动语态用法 2 remain 后可接不同的成分来表示某一状态 如 remain 介词短语 名词 或短语 形容词 不定式短语 3 contribute3 contribute vt 维修维修 坚持坚持 供给供给 典型例句典型例句 I maintain friendly relations with my neighbors 我和邻居保持友好 The thief maintained that he was looking for his own property 那贼一口咬定他是在找他自己的财物 Before liberation he couldn t maintain his family 解放前他不能养家 相关链接相关链接 辨析 maintain hold keep stay remain 这五个动词都有 停留 保持 这一含义 不同之处在于 1 maintain 与 hold 比较接近 一般都用作及物动词 接名词作宾语 例如 To maintain his health he takes a walk in the morning 为了保持健康 他每天早上散步 2 stay 与 remain 比较相似 多用作不及物动词或系动词 后接形容词作表语 例如 Stay still a minute I want to take your photograph 站着别动 我要给你照张相 3 keep 则比较全面 既可以充当及物动词 又可以作不及物动词 可以指 钟 表 走得准 例如 I kept myself warm by walking up and down 我踱来踱去以暖和身子 5 recommend5 recommend vt vt 推荐 介绍推荐 介绍 典型例句典型例句 Can you recommend them a good novel 你能介绍他们一本好小说吗 We recommended a hard working girl as a typist of your office 我们推荐一位能干的女孩作为你办公室的打字员 My parents recommended that we should go home earlier after school 父母劝我放学后早点回家 I recommend you not to disobey your officer 我建议你不要反对你的长官 知识归纳知识归纳 1 recommend 作 推荐 介绍 时 用 recommend sb as for 还可以作 建议 劝告 讲 2 这里 recommend 带宾语从句 从句常用 should 动词原形 的谓语形式 3 recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 6 apart6 apart fromfrom 除了除了 典型例句典型例句 Apart from a few faults he is a trustworthy teacher 除了两三个缺点外 他是个值得信赖的老师 The boy hardly sees anyone apart from his parents 除了父母外 小男孩几乎看不到任何人 相关链接相关链接 apart from 有两种意义 1 除了 以外 别无 相当于 except for 2 除了 外 尚有 相当于 besides 7 enlarge7 enlarge vt vt 扩大 扩展 扩充 放大扩大 扩展 扩充 放大 典型例句典型例句 Can you enlarge this photograph for me 你能帮我把这张照片放大吗 The professor enlarged on or upon this subject 教授就这个题目详述自己的见解 相关链接相关链接 注意 enlarge 这个单词的构成 词缀为 en 表示 放进 变成 变得 使成为 用 来做某事 饰以 配以 英语意思是 put into on using for doing sth make into cause to be 8 go8 go throughthrough 通过 穿过 透过 受苦通过 穿过 透过 受苦 仔细检查 仔细检查 典型例句典型例句 It took us a whole week to go through one of the great forests 我们花了整整一星期才穿过那一个大森林 She went through a lot of suffering when she was ill 她生病时受了不少罪 The policeman went through the thief s pockets 警察搜查了小偷的衣袋 相关链接相关链接 get through go through 辨析 1 都可表示 通过 用完 例如 The man was so fat that he couldn t get go through the door 那人胖得连那扇门都过不去 2 又各有其含义 go through 检查 看一遍 经历 痛苦 困难 get through 通过考 试 接通电话 例如 I got through everything except English 除英语外我别的都及格了 I went through my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed 我将作业检查了一遍 以确定什么都没有漏掉 9 remind9 remind vt vt 提醒 使记起提醒 使记起 典型例句典型例句 She reminds me of someone I used to know 看到她使我想起以前认识的某个人 He reminded me to study hard 4 他提醒我要用功 She reminded me that I hadn t cleaned the blackboard 她提醒我还没有擦黑板 要点归纳要点归纳 remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事 使某人想起某事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人要做某事 动词不定式表将来 remind sb of doing sth 提醒某人已做了某事 remind sb that clause 提醒 10 at10 at thethe mercymercy ofof 任任 摆布摆布 典型例句典型例句 His life shall be at the mercy of the Duke 他的生命将由公爵处置 The ship was at the mercy of the storm 那只船在暴风雨中失去控制 相关链接相关链接 ill judged mercy 判断错误而给予的宽恕 tender mercy 仁慈的宽恕 without mercy 毫不容情地 无情地 残忍地 beg the mercy of 恳求得到 的宽恕 intellectual mercy 明智的同情 spare sb out of mercy 出于仁慈饶了某人 allow no mercy 不能宽恕 have show mercy on 对 表示同情 11 in11 in returnreturn 作为回报作为回报 典型例句典型例句 He helped me a lot In return I treated him to hamburgers 他帮了我很大的忙 作为回报 我请他吃汉堡 The boy carried bag for me I tipped him 1 in return 这个男孩帮我提包 我给了他 1 美元的小费作为回报 知识归纳知识归纳 in return 可以单独使用 置于句首或句中 也可置于句末 in return 还可以与介词 for 连用 构成介词短语表条件 12 be12 be honoredhonored for for 因因 而受到尊敬而受到尊敬 典型例句典型例句 The teacher was honored for his excellent work 这位老师因为他的出色工作受到表彰 相关链接相关链接 1 be honored as 作为 而受到尊敬 例如 They were honored as national heroes 他们作为国家英雄而受到尊重 2 be honored to do have the honor to do 有幸 3 in honor of 为了纪念 13 ignore13 ignore vt vt 不理睬 忽视不理睬 忽视 典型例句典型例句 5 Ignore the child if he misbehaves and he will soon stop 孩子胡闹时 别去理他 不久他就会不闹了 He ignored the doctor s advice 他不顾医生的忠告 相关链接相关链接 ignorance n 无知 不知 be in ignorance of sth 不知某事 from ignorance 出于无知 14 undertake14 undertake 从事 负责从事 负责 某事某事 典型例句典型例句 We shall undertake the construction of this bridge 我们将负责这座桥的修建工作 相关链接相关链接 undertake responsibility 承担责任 undertake a patient 接收病人 15 become be15 become be awareaware ofof 察觉到 感觉到的 知悉的察觉到 感觉到的 知悉的 典型例句典型例句 Emotion eaters must become aware of their motivations for wanting to eat 依照情绪就餐者应该注意他们想吃的动机是什么 He wasn t aware of the danger 他没有觉察到危险 Are you aware of the time 你知道是什么时候吗 Smokers are well aware of the danger to their own health 吸烟者很清楚吸烟会对他们的健康造成危害 要点归纳要点归纳 be aware that 意识到的 知道的 例如 He must have been aware that my parents marriage was breaking up 他一定意识到了我父母的婚姻正在破裂 16 affect16 affect vt vt 影响影响 对对 有坏影响有坏影响 典型例句典型例句 The change in climate may affect your health 气候的变化可能影响你的健康 We were deeply affected by the news of her death 她死亡的噩耗使我们深为感伤 The amount of rain affects the growth of crops 雨量影响作物的生长 相关链接相关链接 1 affective adj 情感的 表达感情的 affection n 喜爱 爱 affectionate adj 爱的 2 affect 和 effect 辨析 effect 是名词 意为 结果 效力 影响 常用在 have an effect on 词组中 动词 affect 作 影响 解 通常指对身体 思想或情绪带来不良影响 二 句型剖析二 句型剖析 6 1 in1 in casecase 以防以防 万一万一 典型例句典型例句 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot 倘若太阳很毒 你就把帽子戴上 In case of rain they can t go 万一下雨 他们就不能去了 相关链接相关链接 as is often the case 这是常有的事 be the case with 的情况是 Such is the case with me 我的情况也是这样 in any case 无论如何 总之 in nine cases out of ten 十之八九 in no case 决不 例如 In no case should you forget your task 你决不能忘记自己的任务 in this that case 如果是这样 那样的话 in the case of 就 来说 关于 It That This is not the case 情况不是这样 并非事实 just in case 以防 万一 2 as2 as longlong asas 只要 如果只要 如果 的话的话 典型例句典型例句 You can go out to play as long as you stay in the back yard 只要不出后院 你可以在外面玩 I ll lend it to you as long as you handle it with care 只要你小心使用 我可以借给你 相关链接相关链接 as long as 只要 如果 的话 相当于 if 也可以用 so long as as long as 还 有 在 的期间 时间长达 等意思 例如 You can stay as long as ten days 你在这儿可以待 10 天 She lived abroad as long as five years 她住在国外长达 5 年之久 3 3 疑问词疑问词 ever ever 和和 no no matter matter 疑问词疑问词 典型例句典型例句 No matter where you are I will miss you Wherever you are I ll miss you 不论你到哪里 我都会想你的 Don t trust him no matter what he says Don t trust him whatever he says 不管他说什么 都别相信他 Whatever you say is always true 不能换成 No matter what 无论你说什么都是对的 要点归纳要点归纳 疑问词 ever 和 no matter 疑问词 都引导让步状语从句 此外 疑问词 ever 还可 引导名词性从句 相关链接相关链接 1 who 和 whoever 的区别 7 who 引导名词性从句时 意为 谁 有疑问语气 whoever 相当于 anyone who 意 为 无论是谁 的任何一个人 例如 Who has taken away my bag is unknown 谁拿走了我的包还不知道 用 Whoever 句意不通 Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight 无论谁想看这部电影 今晚可以和我们一起去 whoever wants 相当于 anybody who wants 意为 凡是想 的人 这里不可换为 who 2 what 和 whatever 的区别 what the thing which whatever anything 例如 What you want has been sent here 你要的东西都送来了 Whatever you want makes no difference to me 不管你要什么 跟我没什么关系 三 语法解读三 语法解读 虚拟语气虚拟语气 虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握 虚拟条件句 名词性虚拟语气 虚拟语气的其他用语 1 1 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 条件状语从句是非真实情况 在这种情况下要用虚拟语气 1 与现在事实相反 其句型为 If 主语 过去时 主语 should could would 或 might 动词原 形 例如 If I were you I would study hard If it rained I would not be here now 2 与过去事实相反 句型为 If 主语 had 过去分词 主语 should could would 或 might have 过去分词 例如 If the doctor had come last night the boy would have saved If I had not studied hard I would have failed in the exam last term 3 与将来事实相反 句型为 towere shouldif 主语 do 主语 should could 原形 do 例如 If it should rain tomorrow we would stay at home If I were to go to the moon one day I could see it with my own eyes If you missed the film tonight you would feel sorry 注意问题 1 If 条件句中绝对不可以出现 would 2 根据句中的时间状语 有时可能出现 混合虚拟 的情况 即主句可能是现在的情况 条件句也许是发生在过去的情况 但都是遵守上述句型 3 在条件句中如果出现 were had should 可省去 if 将主语与这些词倒装 例如 Had the doctor come last night the boy would have saved Were I to go to the moon one day I would see it with my own eyes Should it rain tomorrow we would stay at home 2 2 名词性虚拟语气名词性虚拟语气 在表示命令 建议 要求 惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气 基本 句型 8 主语 should 动词原形 例如 Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o clock 宾语从句 We suggested that the meeting should not be held It was required that the crops should be harvested at once 主语 从句 The suggestion that he be invited was rejected 同位语从句 That is their demand that their wages be increased 表语从句 注意 在这种句子中绝不出现 would must could 等 3 3 虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或应用于含蓄条件句 虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或应用于含蓄条件句 1 wish 后的宾语从句 与现在愿望不一致 主语 过去时 与过去愿望不一致 主语 had 过去分词 与未来愿望不一致 主语 would could 原形 I wish I were you I wish I had visited the White House when I was in the States I wish I would meet you tomorrow at the party 2 It s time 句型 当 It s time 后用 that 从句时应该为 主语 should 动词原形 或 主语 过去时 例如 It s time that you went to school 或 It s time that you should go to school 3 If only 引起的感叹句相当于 How I wish 宾语从句 例如 If only he could come 他要能来就好了 If only I had known the answer 我要早知答案就好了 4 would rather as if though 引导的句子也需使用虚拟 表示过去的情况用过去完成 时 表示现在与将来的情况用过去时 例如 I d rather you posted the letter right away I d rather you had returned the book yesterday She loves the children as if they were hers Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there 5 without but but for otherwise 引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件 例如 Without you I would never know him But for your cooperation we wouldn t have done the work so well But that she was afraid she would have said no I would be most glad to help you but I am busy now I would have come to the party yesterday but I was working I am busy now otherwise I would do you the favor 地点 条件 让步状语从句地点 条件 让步状语从句 1 1 地点状语从句地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由 where wherever 引导 例如 Where I live there are plenty of trees 我住的地方树很多 Wherever I am I will be thinking of you 不管我在哪里我都会想到你 2 2 条件状语从句条件状语从句 连接词主要有 if unless as so long as on condition that 等 if 引导的条件句有真 9 实条件句和非真实条件句两种 非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述 unless if not 例如 Let s go out for a walk unless you are too tired If you are not too tired let s go out for a walk 如果不太累 我们去散散步 3 3 让步状语从句让步状语从句 1 though although 引导的让步状语从句 后面的从句不能有 but 但是 though 和 yet 可连用 例如 Although it s raining they are still working in the field 虽然在下雨 但他们仍在地里干活 He is very old but he still works very hard 虽然他很老了 但仍然努力地工作 Though the sore is healed yet a scar may remain 伤口虽愈合 但伤疤留下了 谚语 2 as 引导的让步从句必须把表语或状语提前 形容词 副词 分词 实义动词提前 例 如 Child as he was he knew what was the right thing to do 虽然是个小孩 该做什么不做什么 他全知道 3 ever if even though 即使 例如 We ll make a trip even though the weather is bad 即使天气不好 我们也要去远足 4 whether or 不管 都 例如 Whether you believe it or not it is true 信不信由你 这确实是真的 5 no matter 疑问词 或 疑问词 后缀 ever 例如 No matter what happened he would not mind Whatever happened he would not mind 不管发生什么 他不在意 替换 no matter what whatever no matter who whoever no matter when whenever no matter where wherever no matter which whichever no matter how however 注意 no matter 疑问词 不能引导名词性从句 错 No matter what you say is of no use now 对 Whatever you say is of no use now 你现在说什么也没用了 Whatever you say 是主语从句 错 Prisoners have to eat no matter what they re given 对 Prisoners have to eat whatever they re given 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么 活学巧用活学巧用 选择选择 1 I agree most of what you said 10 A with B on C to D in 提示 提示 我同意你所说的大部分话 答案 答案 A 2 He didn t agree my suggestion A for B to C with D on 提示 提示 他不同意我的建议 答案 答案 B 3 How do you deal with the between the company and the customers The key to solving the problem is to meet the demand made by the customers A agree B disagree C agreement D disagreement 提示 提示 disagreement 意见不一 不一致 答案 答案 D 选择选择 1 Why do you look so upset There are so many troublesome problems A remaining to settle B remained settled C remaining to be settled D remained to be settled 提示 提示 现在分词作定语 且 settle 与 problem 为动宾关系 答案 答案 C 2 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple but it remains whether they will enjoy it A to seeB to be seen C seeing D seen 提示 提示 remain to be seen 尚待分晓 答案 答案 B 选择选择 1 As is known fresh air health A contributes B contributes to C helps D affects 提示 提示 help 也表示 有助于 但后面要加 with affect 用于不好的结果 答案 答案 B 2 It s said that driving after drinking thousands of traffic accidents every year A results from B contributes to C devotes to D lies in 提示 提示 句意 据说 酒后驾驶每年导致成千上万起交通事故 results from 由于 来自 contributes to 为 作出贡献 引起 devoted to 致力于 专注于 lies in 在于 答案 答案 B 11 选择选择 1 Houses belonging to the government are always well A stayed B maintained C remained D kept 提示 提示 maintain 保护 保养 句意为 属于政府的房子都保护得很好 答案 答案 B 2 She stand up and out her hand A maintained B held C kept D stayed 提示 提示 hold out 伸出 答案 答案 B 3 Although it is a cheap one this watch good time A maintains B holds C keeps D remains 提示 提示 keep 保持 句意为 这块表时间跑得很准 答案 答案 C 完成句子完成句子 1 My secretary 推荐给我 me by a clerk in my office 2 Your classmates will you 推荐你做 the job which is suitable for you 3 My teacher recommended us to read this short story My teacher recommended that this short story 答案 答案 1 was recommended to 2 recommend for 3 we read 选择选择 There can be no knowledge or theory without practice Which word or phrase has the same meaning as that of the word underlined A besides B except C apart from D except for 提示 提示 apart from 有 脱离开 之意 答案 答案 C 翻译翻译 1 我不需要详述此事 你们都知道我的意见 2 警方把失踪姑娘的照片放大了 答案 答案 1 I needn t enlarge upon this matter you all know my views 2 The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged 选择选择 1 I couldn t The line was busy A go by B go around C get in D get through 提示 提示 get through 这里表示 接通电话 答案 答案 D 完成句子完成句子 2 当我们穿过山谷的时候 we saw many beautiful birds 3 He 经历了很多困难 during World War 4 搜遍了所有的房间 by the police 答案 答案 2 When we went through the valley 12 3 went through a lot of difficulties 4 All the rooms have been gone through 选择选择 1 What he said just now me of that American professor A mentioned B informed C reminded D memorized 提示 提示 remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事 答案 答案 C 2 Tom has always thought of himself as a good cook and never failed to everyone of it A remind B remember C know D introduce 提示 提示 remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事 只有 remind 与 of 连用 答案 答案 A 选择选择 It was clear that the small grocer was people the boss owed money to A at the expense of B at the risk of C in the way of D at the mercy of 提示 提示 at the mercy of 在 支配下 答案 答案 D 选词填空选词填空 in return as a return by return 1 Give him something valuable of his help 2 I saved him while he cheated me 答案 答案 1 as a return 2 in return 选择选择 1 Washington a state in the United States was named one of the greatest American presidents A in honor ofB instead of C in favor of D by means of 提示 提示 in honor of 为了纪念 答案 答案 A 英译汉英译汉 2 I m honored to be with you 答案 答案 和你在一起我感到荣幸 选择选择 I tried to persuade him not to keep in touch with her but what I said was 13 always A acceptedB received C ignoredD noticed 提示 提示 题意是 我尽力劝说他不要与她保持联系 但是我说的话总是不被理睬 accept 主观接受 receive 客观收到 ignore 不理睬 忽视 notice 注意 由转折词 but 可排 除 A 项 答案答案 C 英汉互译英汉互译 1 他负责对各种变化作出安排 2 At first we could only undertake repair jobs 答案 答案 1 He undertook the responsibility for changes 2 起初我们只能干修理的活 完成句子完成句子 1 It happened without my of it 事情在我不知不觉中发生了 2 I don t think you how much this means to me 我想你还不知道这对我多么重要 3 Is he the threat 他意识到威胁了吗 4 He that something was burning 他发觉有东西烧着了 答案 答案 1 being aware 2 are aware of 3 aware of 4 became aware 选词填空选词填空 affect effect 1 Some plants are quickly by cold 2 He was much by the sad news 3 Our arguments had some on them 4 Music some people very strongly 5 Punishment almost had no on the naughty boy 答案 答案 1 affected 2 affected 3 effects 4 affects 5 effect 选择选择 1 I hear some scientists are afraid that computers will take the place of man having humans as their slaves What if that is the A result B end C thing D case 提示 提示 that is the case 的意思是 情况是这样 答案答案 D 2 I ve just painted the door I ll put a WET PAINT notice next to it somebody doesn t realize it s just been painted A while B if C as long as D in case 提示 提示 此句用 in case 表示 以防 as long as 表示条件 意为 只要 答案答案 D 选择选择 I can see we will carry out the plan they declare themselves for the plan at the meeting A As far as as far as 14 B As long as as long as C As long as as far as D As far as as long as 提示 提示 as far as 表示 到 的程度 as long as 表示 只要 如果 的话 答案答案 D 选择选择 1 If we work with a strong will we can overcome any difficulty great it is A what B how C however D whatever 提示 提示 however great it is 为让步状语从句 意义相当于 no matter how great it is D 项 whatever 不能修饰形容词 great 答案 答案 C 2 his mother will wait for him to have dinner together A However late is he B However he is late C However is he late D However late he is 提示 提示 However late he is 为让步状语从句 不可倒装 答案 答案 D 3 leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights A Anyone B The person C Whoever D Who 提示 提示 Whoever 引导主语从句 意义相当于 Anybody who 答案 答案 C 4 We agreed to accept they thought was not the best tourist guide A whatever B whomever C whichever D whoever 提示 提示 whoever 指人 既为宾语从句的引导词 又在从句中作主语 答案 答案 D 选择选择 1 It is necessary that everyone here for his own experiment A must get ready B get ready C gets ready D must get prepared 提示 提示 It be necessary essential important that It is suggested ordered demanded that 后接虚拟语气 从句谓语用 should do sth It is a pity shame strange no wonder unfair surprising that 后接 should 虚拟语气或陈述语气 答案 答案 B 2 If only my grandpa this together with us now A had seen B could see C must see D shall see 提示 提示 if only 表示 要是 就好了 但愿 接虚拟语气 答案 答案 B 15 3 How dangerous it was Yes but for the policeman s quick action the old man by the car A would be knocked down B should be knocked down C could have been knocked down D was knocked down 提示 提示 but for 这一介词短语相当于与过去事实相反的条件状语 因而主句的谓语 用过去完成时 答案 答案 C 4 The paper model if you had been more careful A would not burn B would not have burnt C would not be burnt D would not have been burnt 提示 提示 从从句来判断本句表示与过去相反 且主语为动作的承受者 答案 答案 D 5 Yesterday Jane wa