期刊：中西家庭教育的比较

英语毕业论文 中美家庭教育的比较 Abstract In the last few years with the development of diathetic education ha s stricken root into the hearts of the people the family education has been a h ot spot of society in which tens of thousands of families vital benefits and urg ent need lie Because good family education is closely related to children s quali ty and behavior and related to the future of our country At present the situati on of family education is good large number of parents and schools have creat ed successful experience even many parents study the family education knowled ge initiatively the educational idea has undergone the profound change Neverth eless the family education is still a weak link particularly As the Western educa tional thought is penetrating through the East and facing the traditional and mo dern thought about family education the Chinese parents are torn between the t wo choices Therefore developing family education is either an opportunity or a challenge Moreover Chinese and the Western family education each has its own good points but in different aspects the educational methods are different so we need to understand the differences between Chinese and Western family educ ation make up for one s deficiency by learning from others strong points and push forward the family educational modernization instantaneously in that case China will have the inestimable prospects key words familyfamily educationeducation chinachina andand thethe westwest traditiontradition differencedifference compcomp arisonarison 中西家庭教育的比较 提纲 中西家庭教育的比较 中文翻译版 摘要 近几年来 随着素质教育的深入人心 家庭教育已经成为当今社会关注的一个热 点 是千万家庭的切身利益和迫切需求所在 因为 良好的家庭教育直接关系到了孩子的素质 和品行 更关系到祖国的未来 就中国目前来看 家庭教育的发展态势良好 一大批家长 学 校创造了成功的经验 更有许多学生家长主动学习家庭教育知识 教育观念发生了深刻变化 但是尽管如此 家庭教育仍是一个薄弱环节 尤其是随着西方教育思想的传入 中国家长面对 传统与现代家教思想 表现出无所适从的无奈 因此 对于开展家庭教育 既是机遇 又是挑 战 而且 中西家庭教育各有千秋 在不同方面 教育方法也不同 所以我们就需要深刻了解 中西家庭教育的差异 取长补短 并且不失时机地推进家庭教育现代化 这样中国的未来才具 有不可估量的发展前景 关键词 家庭教育 中西 传统家庭教育 中西 传统 差异 差异 比较比较 From ancient times to modern times family education has been playing an i mportant role in the national educational cause A great man Xiaoping Deng sai d The basis of a country s modernization lies in talents the basis of talents lie s in education and the basis of education lies in family China is a country with emphasis on the home education The outstanding home education in the deep education culture The family education the school education and the social ed ucation are the three big props of education They are indispensable Nowadays increasing attention has been paid to family education by the modern society a nd it gets a hot spot of society which is closely related to tens of thousands of families vital benefits and urgent need At present family education maintains a good momentum of growth in China It gets more and more important to Chinese families Throughout the ages man y men of insight work delightly in the field of home education and accumulate quite substantial achievements And China is an oriental country with a long hist ory its deep educational culture includes the elements of excellent family educat ion As we all know China s ancient educatinal thought want through the ancie nt family educational field Family Instruction of Yan Zhitui Yan Southern an d Northern Dynasties For example moral instructions first the respect for old t he care for the young the cultivation of moral character example setting the d etermination of being strong learned profound knowledge careful consideration and so on These outstanding thoughts are go back to ancient times Nevertheless there are still a lot of problems emerging out in that family educ ation which is still weak The education expert concerned who made the long t erm pursuit of investigations thought that 2 3 family education is improper All the analysis justifies the conclusion the first malignant events erupt unceasingl y It not only indicates the importance of family education but indicates the imp ortance and necessity of carrying on scientific family education the second in c urrent home education there is still erroneous zone It may be summarized as three excess and one excessive height that is quite some parents are exces sively concerned with the children excessively reatrain and nosed into the childr en s affairs excessively chatter and criticize the children and something excessiv e is expected of the childern These problems are in need of immediate solution The third under the market economy condition there is the multiple concept of value the only c hild community grows as well as the divorce families increase and so on all this brings about many unprecedented new situations and new problems The fourth rural population account for 80 the countryside housing disperses the conditio n is bad guardian s cultural quality is somewhat low the countryside s family ed ucation has become the key and difficult point n developing family education And at the same time with the development of educational cause Western educ ational thoughts penetrate slowly through the East When facing the traditional a nd modern thoughts chinese parents are at a loss as to what to choose Theref ore directing at some bad phenomena we regard it as necessary to make a co mparison between chinese family education and western family education But before the comparison we need to know about the social background of C hina and Western Countries As we all know China is a socialist country and mo st Western countries belong to capitalist countries And they have different histo ry and cultures China advocates Confucianism and the western countries advoca te the revival of literature and art But the most important point is that their atti tude towards the position of family institution s position is also different In chin a s traditional family parents authoritative consciousness plays a leading role wh ile western civilizations mainly emphasize struggle equality democracy and hum an rights if the child has not been matriculated in a famous university the parents will feel sad and ashamed of facing relatives Above all we can know Chinese parents pu t their faces in the first place And in the western countries these things never happen An American friend who is only graduated from a specialized middle sc hool works in a small store In my opinion he is almost below the life s the sa fety line and has little to be proud of But his parents appreciate actually him much more Why Because he takes part in the piano performance in the commu nity frequently and obtains the reward many times The main difference is that the college chosen by the Chinese children is usually famous one and the Weste rn children choose the college according to their own likes instead of taking fa mous or top college as the decision factor gj htm All this shows that the comparison of the Chinese family is often again studies the aspect is unitary and the comparison of the Western family often pays great attention to the comprehensive quality The Chinese family likes to compare thei r own child s merits with other child s shortcomings in which the parents may s eek self consolation The western family often introspect their own child s merits and success is not accustomed to seeking to do others down To summarize C hina s family often wants to highlight own image disparages others unintentiona lly in the comparison the western family often pays great attention to his own s elf respect self possession own happy In fact Western family does not make the comparison painstakingly but the C hinese family s comparison has brought about a serious problem Competing Thirdly the view of who is the main body of the family and the reciprocity of education are different The Chinese traditional family culture is following the dominant pattern display s the family s internal authority consciousness It emphasis obedience and respec ts takes the external control serious The chief educator is parents in china s tr aditional culture The Chinese parents guardian consciousness is extremely inten se They regard the child as their own private property regard him as their acce ssory Therefore the parents think highly of shaping the child unlaterally affects the child s individuality construction They pay attention to their own image has neglected the child and adult s interaction its process and comprehensiveness s o it causes the child to be in the passive position disregard of the child s indivi dual existence Whereas the western civilization takes the child as the main body emphasizes individual struggle emphasizes equality democracy and respects the individual ri ght The western parents think of the child as an equal member in the family r espect the child s personality and dignity can let the child think independently a nd choose freely They respect the child s right do not do the compulsory educa tion They respect the child s self respect advocate child s instinct development and the natural development Parents responsibility only lies in discovering and guiding the child s interests and potential ties creating the advantageous environ ment for the child paying attention the communication with the child and the e ducational reciprocity In the western home education the parents are not child s dominations but his friends Fourthly the focal point of education is different What the China s traditional culture grasps is life and morals so the Chinese v alue life and the human relations extremely Therefore the Chinese parents have regarded the morals as the highest value orientation in the education Especially in the Chinese mind the good child is a child who is obedient and sensible at first aims at the community liked at first sight In that case the guardian train s the child to practice the moral culture cultivates mental poise self restraining emphasizes reservation and the idea of social rank The main connotation of Ch inese family education is the mercy righteousness the ritual the wisdom the honesty loyalty forgiveness and the Chinese child was taught by historical stor y ethics loyalty filial piety and integrity when he was young The child was infl uenced by the ice cold moral law and the rules and regulations and studied 3 character classic and Younger brother Cuckoo since childhood Yet what the western culture grasps is knowledge the family mainly arouses th e child s the curiosity about and the imagination of nature As we all know kno wledge creation comes from curiosity So parents by making children interested i n the nature and fairy stories let the children have a broader imagination space so as to help the knowledge creation In addition they regard the psychological development as the highest direction so the cultivation of child s interest and th e creativity is the main point of Western family education Fifthly the difference in proportion between family and the individual The China s traditional culture takes the family as the focus pays great attenti on to individual responsibility and duty This is performed in the value orientatio n 1 family education function is strengthened In the Chinese tradition of socie ty family shoulders many kinds of social functions It has the bright characterist ics of building the country and family with concerted efforts But the children ed ucation is a part of family life s extension so the home education s vital role als o lies in achieving the goal the family education is lasting It is a tool with whic h the positions of family and social politics are maintained and developed famil y culture is presented and carried forward 2 Education takes family benefit as the main value orientation Bring honor to ancestors the illustrious family stat us are scholar s goal to pursue The personal interest and the family benefit ar e merging into one organic whole It is closely related to the view of immotality of Chinese traditional culture The western culture takes individual as a focus paying great attention to indivi dual freedom and right And in education the westerners place the educated in prominent status with the emphasis of the cultivation of individuality The Indivi duals standard and family transforms are closely correlative This educational tra dition was established which experienced Renaissance movements from the 14t h to the 16th centuries Franch bourgeois ideology Enlightenment in the 18th c entury as well as the ideological trends and so on at the beginning of 20th ce ntury Then Rousseau initiated the natural and free education Dewey proposed that education is growth education is life individual is the main body who gras ps his own experience construction But the individual standard is not equal to i ndividualism does not equate itself to taking the child as the center The family needs the individual of rich individuality who can tame himself control himself surpass himself a modern man with perfect moral quality healthy individuality Instead of a selfish and dependent utilitarian Sixthly the cultivation of independent consciousness is different The Chinese guardians think the value of education is studying for entering a higher school they only ask the child to study attentively without bothering abo ut other things So the children s consciousness of all round development is fain t So the child has no opportunity to develop and enhance his qualities in many aspects The Chinese parents place their hopes on the children the sense of re sponsibility for education is overloaded The unsuitable extending of guardian ro le the replacements of the child to arrange everything in daily life to stipulate t he study content and to settle the development direction Therefore the child b ecomes all dependent individual lacks independent character It causes the child to be able to do nothing but knowledge study The meticulous concern helps to form the habit of relying on others So when facing the storm he is unable to do anything Being unable to get the help he will blame everyone and everythin g but himself The western parents pay great attention to raising children s independent consc iousness since childhood In the Western family you may see the child addresse s his visit relatives and friend by name bolds expresses his own opinion partici pates in family discussion as adults do He solves some problems all by himself The parents do not reprove the child casually They leave the child an opportuni ty of undergoing a process of tempering All this enables the child to dare to ru sh dare to do dare to take a risk dare to display himself Let the child learn h ow to make a living since childhood have the strong physique the quality of bea ring hardships and standing hard work and good psychological quality thus mo ves towards life with perfect composure Such independent individuality causes t he child to pay great attention to individual ability and the struggle when he mo ves towards the society Seventhly the difference in emotional education and corporal punishment Why family education is different from school education An important characte ristic is that family education is love education However maybe he Chinese trad itional culture emphasizes reserve the Chinese family is not good at expressin g love and the emotional education is very weak The communication between C hinese parents and the child is characteristic of China And in the Chinese famil y such characters as no cannot won t do do not appear repeatedly the Chinese collective education is accustomed to saying to the child should beside s using the negative term to instruct the child s behavior This is the manifeslati on of guardian authoritative colouring Such raw and cold order phrases cause t he emotional education to be blocked But one can not become a useful person without being beaten the club helps the child to be loyal son bring about the difficulty in strengthening the emotional education According to the investigation in the Western family parents show their appre ciation to the children by using the encouraging language The western parents pay great attention to individual quality and the emotional communication The f amily lays emphasis on the construction and the cultivation of emotion They ca n vacate their time to talk with the child listen attentively to the child s aspirati ons and emphasize heart to heart communication In Western countries the cor poral punishment also offends the law Moreover the Western parents are very h appy praising their own child in front of others they think that this may raise c hild s self confidence But the Chinese modest attitude causes the guardian not t o be glad to do this because they think that it can cause the child to be arroga nt they like nitpicking and strengthening child s weakness Eighthly education method is different The Chinese traditional education method is a type of education in which peo ple repeat what the book says and imbue the child with it It emphasizes mecha nical memorizing That is to say the child receives the study There is an ancien t proverb If the book is read hundreds of times its meaning is shown naturally Zhu Xi also said read frequently then read again if you can t recite until you c an Therefore the Chinese guardians most like seeing the child sit in front of t he desk either reciting with his head wagging or bending over the desk doing exercises The eyes do not leave the books the hands do not leave the books Dig into books of saints oblivious of what is happening outside Load the stom ach with ancient s knowledge and sage s experience without knowing whether th ey can be digested or not The west emphasizes the child s power of understanding They like letting th e child practise by himself going to the nature seeking the knowledge from life Their study resides in many kinds of forms The western family has the special cooking class the hardwork class and the playroom They do not think that play and study are conflicting with each other and encourage the child to study outs ide pay great atte