2012年高考英语 试题分项版解析Ⅲ专题05 新题型阅读理解（教师版）

1 20122012 年全国及各地高考英语分类精品解析系列简介年全国及各地高考英语分类精品解析系列简介 单项选择题分类解析系列单项选择题分类解析系列 专题 01 单项选择题分类解析 冠词 名词和主谓一致 专题 02 单项选择题分类解析 代词 专题 03 单项选择题分类解析 介词和介词短语 专题 04 单项选择题分类解析 形容词和副词 专题 05 单项选择题分类解析 动词和动词短语 专题 06 单项选择题分类解析 动词的时态和语态 专题 07 单项选择题分类解析 情态动词和虚拟语气 专题 08 单项选择题分类解析 非谓语动词 专题 09 单项选择题分类解析 定语从句 专题 10 单项选择题分类解析 连词和状语从句 专题 11 单项选择题分类解析 名词性从句 专题 12 单项选择题分类解析 特殊句式 专题 13 单项选择题分类解析 交际用语 完形填空题分类解析系列 专题 01 记叙文完形填空 专题 02 夹叙夹议完形填空 阅读理解题分类解析系列 专题 01 人物传记 故事类阅读理解 专题 02 新闻报道 广告类阅读理解 专题 03 社会生活 说理议论类阅读理解 专题 04 科普类阅读理解 专题 05 新题型阅读理解 书面表达题分类及选择讲评 专题 01 书面表达题分类及选择讲评 文字提纲式 专题 02 书面表达题分类及选择讲评 图画式 专题 03 书面表达题分类及选择讲评 开放式 一 2012 课标卷 第二节第二节 共共 5 5 小题小题 每小题每小题 2 2 分分 满分满分 1010 分分 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余 选项 2 Kids Kids health health FourFour stepssteps forfor fightingfighting stressstress Everybody gets stressed from time to time 71 Some ways of dealing with stress like screaming or hitting someone don t solve 解决 much But other ways like talking to someone you trust can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed 1 1 GetGet support support When you need help reach out to the people who care about you Talk to a trusted adult such as a parent or other relatives 72 They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test or the death of a beloved pet 2 2 Don tDon t taketake itit outout onon yourself yourself Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves Oh dear that s not a good idea Remember that there are always people to help you Don t take it out on yourself 73 3 3 TryTry toto solvesolve thethe problem problem After you re calm and you have support from adults and friends it s time to get down to business 74 Even if you can t solve it all you can solve a piece of it 4 4 BeBe positive positive Most stress is temporary 暂时的 Remember stress does go away especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it These steps aren t magic but they do work And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time you ll help yourself feel better even faster 75 A Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation B Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them C Different people feel stress in different ways D Ah it feels so good when the stress is gone E You need to figure out what the problem is F And don t forget about your friends G Then find a way to calm down 3 二 2012 大纲卷 第二节 根据对话内容 从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑 选项中有两项为多余选项 每小题 1 分 Daughter Dad You love me don t you Father Of course I do 61 Daughter Well I saw this great offer for a free phone here in the newspaper and Father 62 Daughter Well the phone is free after the 50 I pay is returned to me Father Ah so that s the catch 63 Daughter Dad All my friends have one Father Ah I don t know 64 Daughter But the monthly charge for this service is only 29 99 with 1 000 free weekday minutes nationwide and unlimited weekend minutes Father I don t know Daughter Please Dad With the new phone you won t have to worry about me while I m driving the new car Father 65 Daughter The new car you ll need to buy so I can use the phone A Ah what s on your mind B New car What new car C Free Nothing s ever free D What did you do to the new car E And why on earth do you need a phone F They always charge a lot for the service G But what is the term of the service agreement 这类题型都考的是语境理解 解析解析 根据下文女儿的话语 根据下文女儿的话语 thethe monthlymonthly chargecharge forfor thisthis serviceservice isis onlyonly 29 99 29 99 可知上文应该是手机使用费的问题 可知上文应该是手机使用费的问题 三 2012 北京卷 第二节 共 5 小题 每小题 2 分 共 10 分 4 根据短文内容 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项 为多余选项 EmpathyEmpathy Last year researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy the ability to understand other people among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years 71 Today people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs Jennifer Freed a co director of a teen program has another explanation Turn on the TV and you re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting competing and generally treating one another with no respect 72 There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples Humans are socially related by nature 73 Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self respect Besides empathy can be a cure for loneliness sadness anxiety and fear Empathy is also an indication of a good leader In fact Freed says many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers 74 Academics are important But if you don t have emotional 情感的 intelligence you won t be as successful in work or in your love life she says What s the best way to up your EQ 情商 For starters let down your guard and really listen to others 75 To really develop empathy you d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital join a club or a team that has a diverse membership have a sharing circle with your family or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter A Everyone is different and levels of empathy differ from person to person B That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time the researchers said C One doesn t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking Freed says D Humans learn by example and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic E Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else both what they think and how they feel F Good social skills including empathy are a kind of emotional intelligence that will help you succeed in many areas of life G Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human and having empathy is decisive to those relationships 5 四 2012 上海卷 SectionSection C C DirectDirections ions Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A F for each paragraph There is one extra heading which you do not need A When a child should learn to read B Why it is fun to teach a child reading C What if a child has reading problems D How you prepare a young child for reading E What is the best way to teach a child reading F Whether reading early promises later achievements 该题型都是考查考生归纳段落主旨大意的能力的 该题型都是考查考生归纳段落主旨大意的能力的 76 Learning to read early has become one of those indicators in parents minds at least that their child is smart In fact reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically Research has shown that 6 difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child In some cases there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training 77 Traditionally American schools teach children at age six but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre kindergarten If parents start too early to encourage reading and a child does not immediately succeed the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace 答案答案 A A 解析解析 根据结合第一句和最后一句话根据结合第一句和最后一句话 让孩子按照自己的步伐去学习让孩子按照自己的步伐去学习 可知讨论的是何可知讨论的是何 时让孩子学习 时让孩子学习 78 Over the years research has proved that the use of both the whole language method and the phonic method works best for a child to master reading While the whole language approach which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading is helpful phonics must be taught Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a p and another a b Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written 答案答案 E E 解析解析 根据第一句话根据第一句话 全语法全语法 和和 语音法语音法 是让孩子掌握阅读的最好方法是让孩子掌握阅读的最好方法 可知讨可知讨 论的是教孩子阅读的最好方法 论的是教孩子阅读的最好方法 79 You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children Besides reading to them parents can start ear training their child by playing rhyme games This develops the child s ability to recognize different sounds In reading to children parents also can point to words as they go teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying All this should be a fun activity 80 Once a child is in school the learning of reading is inevitably more serious For children who have some kind of reading difficulty you must get a professional diagnosis While the teacher might say the child is merely 7 disinterested but will get over it disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child s learning disabilities 答案答案 C C 解析解析 根据本段第二句根据本段第二句 孩子一旦在阅读上出现了困难 你就得找专家诊断孩子一旦在阅读上出现了困难 你就得找专家诊断 可知讨论可知讨论 的是孩子出现阅读问题 你该怎么办的问题 的是孩子出现阅读问题 你该怎么办的问题 五 2012 辽宁卷 第二节 共 5 小题 每小题 2 分 满分 10 分 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑 选项中有两项为多余选项 How to Make Friends Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends Good friendship has many benefits It offers companionship improves self worth and promotes good health There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town or changed our jobs or schools Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71 But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends 1 Associate with others The first step to making friends is associating with other people You can go to public places to meet new people Besides you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places 2 Start a conversation Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends 72 You can always start the conversation Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people 3 73 Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience 4 Let it grow It is a good thing to stay in touch However try not to press your new friend with calls messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend 74 The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally 5 Enjoy your friendship The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves 75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you A Be cheerful B Do things together C Do not wait to be spoken to D Try not to find fault with your friends 8 E Making new friends comes easy for some people F For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch G So you will need to give your friend time to react to you 解析解析 由后面由后面 You You cancan alwaysalways startstart thethe conversation conversation 可知 你要开可知 你要开 始一个对话 所以前面应该是不要等着别人先和你说话 始一个对话 所以前面应该是不要等着别人先和你说话 六 2012 陕西卷 第二节 共 5 小题 毎小题 2 分 满分 10 分 根据短文内容 从下框的 A F 选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项 并在答题卡 上将该选项涂黑 选项中有一项为多余项 A Be well organized B Close with a Q crossing the road But life doesn t consist entirely of these things In among them there is a lot of room for small and large mistakes 答案答案 F F 解析解析 关键词关键词 StopStop ExpectingExpecting 和和文中的文中的 dreamdream 65 Successful people all have their own places where they can withdraw in order to work Find out which places improve your creativity For me it s the train When I know that I m going to be traveling for four hours without phone calls and people knocking on my door I find my mind is free and I can read or write complex articles There can be problems working on the train of course if the person sitting opposite you keeps talking away or if train traps make you tired some people fall asleep after a few miles 答案答案 B B 解析解析 关键词关键词 escapeescape 和文中的和文中的 withdrawwithdraw 十 2012 安徽卷 第一节 任务型读写 共 10 小题 每小题 1 分 满分 10 分 阅读下面短文 根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词 注意 每个空格只填一个单词 Traveling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier We live in a global village but this doesn t mean that we all behave in the same way How should we behave when you meet someone for the first time An American shakes your hand firmly while looking you straight in the eye In many part of Asia there is no physical contact 接触 at all In Japan you should bow and the more respect you want to show the deeper you should bow In Thailand 15 people greet each other by pressing both hands together at the chest In both countries eye contact is avoided as a sign of respect Many countries have rules about what you should and shouldn t wear In Muslim countries you shouldn t reveal 显露 the body especially women who Should wear long blouses and skirts In Korea you should take off your shoes when entering a house Remember to place then neatly together where you came in In Spain lunch is often the biggest meal of the day and can last two or three hours For this reason many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner In Mexico lunch is the time to relax and many people prefer not to discuss business as they eat In Britain it s not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast In most countries an exchange of business cards is necessary for all introductions You should include your company name and your position If you are going to a country where your language is not widely spoken you can get the back side of your card printed in the local language In China you may present your card with the writing facing the person you are giving it to Title good 76 AspectCountryCustom 77 America Japan Thailand Shaking hands firmly 78 to show respect Pressing both hands together at the chest Dressing 79 Countries Korea Wearing long blouses and skirts Taking off your shoes at the 80 Eating Spain Mexico 82 Having a light breakfast and a late dinner Relaxing while having 81 Holding a business meeting over breakfast Doing business Most countries China Exchanging business cards when 83 yourself Presenting a card to a person 84 it s front facing him Conclusion Conclusion When traveling 85 we should follow local customs 16 十一 2012 湖南卷 Section A 10 marks Directions Read the following passage Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer Since the earliest civilizations people have controlled rivers to meet society s demands Today rivers are controlled for many reasons primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily agricultural and industrial needs for power generation for navigation 航行 and to prevent flooding River control is achieved by channelization a term that covers a range of river engineering works including widening deepening straightening and stabilization of banks and by the construction of dams An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the l9 th century when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River a branch of the Danube 17 that flows through Hungary The controlling of the Tisza designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture included cutting off more than 100 meanders 河曲 shortening the river s length by nearly 400 kilometers One of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them The past 50 years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide and at the beginning of the 21st century there were about 800 000 dams globally some towering more than 200 meters in height Despite their successes many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful Some particularly deep reservoirs 水库 can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water Downstream of a reservoir the river is certainly influenced in many ways water volume speed and quality are all affected leading to changes in the landscape and among plants and animals 要点综述要点综述 本文是一篇说明文 介绍了人们控制河流的原因及方式 本文是一篇说明文 介绍了人们控制河流的原因及方式 18 十二 2012 江苏卷 第四部分 任务型阅读 共 10 小题 每小题 1 分 满分 10 分 请认真阅读下列短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入了个最恰当的单词 注意 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上 每个空格只填一个单词 Happiness Happiness Advantage Advantage EffectEffect In July 2010 Burt s Bees a personal care products company was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries In this kind of high pressure situation many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in boxes with urgent demands In doing so managers lift everyone s anxiety level which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex 大脑皮 层 which is responsible for effective problem solving Burt s Bees s then CEO John Wolfgang took a different approach Each day he d send out an e mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing He d interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company s values He asked me to further a three hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort 19 As one member of the senior team told me a year later Wolfgang s emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one That outcome shouldn t surprise us Research shows that when people work with a positive mind set 思维模式 performance on nearly every level productivity creativity involvement improves Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance For one most people believe that success comes before happiness Once I get a promotion 111 be happy they think Or Once I hit my sales target IH feel great But because success is a moving target as soon as you hit your target you raise it again the happiness that results from success does not last long In fact it works the other way around People who have a positive mind set perform better in the face of challenge I cal