牛津高中英语模块一定语从句详解_附习题

定语从句 定义 an exciting match 形容词可以放在名词之前作定语 来修饰名词 the book in my hand 介词短语可以放在名词之后作定语 来修饰名词 但如果修饰名词的定语不是某一个词或短语 而是一个句子时 我们就要使用定语 从句 定语从句通常跟在所要修饰的中心名词 先行词 之后 由关系代词或关系副词引 导 定语从句相当于形容词或者介词短语的作用 注意 1 从句相当于整个句子的一个成分 因此 从句不能单独使用 She saw that he was sleeping 宾语从句 I am reading the article which is about your experience in the UK 定语从句 2 先行词 定语从句所修饰的词叫 先行词 因为它总是处在定语从句的前头 比定语从句先 行一步 先行词通常为人 物或者是事情 e g I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK 3 关系词 从意义上说 先行词定语从句的组成部分从结构上说 先行词不在从句中出现 引导定语从句 并取代先行词在从句中的成分 e g I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK 关系词的功能 1 关系词作主语 动作发出者 The trees are on the school campus They have lost their leaves The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves 2 关系词作宾语 动作接受者 We saw the student just now He is the best runner in our school The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school 3 关系词作表语 Jack used to be a lazy boy He is no longer a lazy boy Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be 4 关系词作定语 通常为所有格 She has a brother I can t remember his name She has a brother whose name I can t remember 5 关系词作状语 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 The school is in Shenzhen He studies in the school The school where he studies is in Shenzhen 4 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 关系词 关系代词 relative pronouns who whom which that as whose 等跟在先行词的后面 指代先行词 引出定语 从句 在从句中充当主语 宾语 表语 定语的作用 先行词 人 事物 人 事物 主语 who that which that that 宾语whom who that which that that 表语 that that that 定语whosewhose of which who 的用法 先行词必须是人 作主语和宾语 e g The man who spoke at the meeting this morning is a famous lawyer The girl who you saw just now is Jane 作宾语时 可用 whom that 替换 可以省略 whom 的用法 先行词必须是人 作宾语 通常可以省略 e g The girl whom who that you saw just now is Jane which 的用法 先行词必须是事物 作主语和宾语 e g This is the book which that was written in easy English by our English teacher 作主语时 关系词不可省略 The pictures which that he drew in the 1980s are on show 作宾语时 关系词可以省略 注意 whom are are are is a m that 使用时候出现的矛盾 1 The very chair on she is sitting is made of plastics 2 My sister is a nurse I am not Keys which who 请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正 1 This is the factory where we visited last week 2 This is the watch for which Tom is looking 3 The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two 4 The house in that we live is very small 5 The sun gives off light and warmth that makes it possible for plants to grow 6 I ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library 7 This is the best film which I have ever seen 8 My father and Mr Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country 9 Everything which we saw was of great interest 10 His dog that was now very old became ill and died 11 The reason which he didn t go to school is that he was ill 12 Those who wants to go with me put up your hands 13 The boy his mother died last year studies very hard 14 I have two sisters both of them are doctors 15 We re going to visit the school where your brother works there 16 He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening 17 That is the way which they work 18 Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice 19 Who is the man who has white hairs 20 I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea 答案与部分解析 1 where that which 或去掉 where 2 把 for 放在 looking 之后 英语中 有些短语动词 介词或副词不可与动词相分离 又如 look after run into 等 3 who whom 尽管在口语中 who whom 都能作宾语 但在介词后只能用 whom 4 that which 5 that which that 不可以引导非限制性定语从句 6 which that 或去掉 which 当先行词被 all every no some any little 等修 饰时 常用 that 引导定语从句 7 which that 或去掉 which 当先行词被序数词 形容词的最高级或 the only the very 等所修饰时 常用 that 引导定语从句 8 who that 如果先行词既指人又指物时 常用 that 引导定语从句 9 which that 或去掉 which 当先行词为 something anything everything nothing all 等时 常由 that 引导定语从句 10 that which 11 which why which 前加 for 或去掉 which 12 wants want 定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词一致 13 his whose 14 them whom 或 both 前加 and 15 去掉 there 16 have has 当 one of 名词复数作先行词时 从句的谓语用复数 但是当 one 前有 the only 时 从句谓语要用单数 17 which that which 前加 in 或去掉 which 18 Those 后加 who 19 第二个 who that 当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的疑问句时 定语从句 常用 that 引导 以避免重复 20 which when 或 which 前加 in 选择题 1 This is the best factory we visited last year A where B which C in which D that 2 Is this the factory computers are built A that B which C in which D in that 3 please pass me the dictionary cover is red A whose B its C which D which of 4 The man has arrived A whom I told you B that I told you C whom I told you about him D I told you about 5 Do you know the comrade we are talking A to whom B to who C whom D to that 6 They visited the house the great writer was born A from where B in which C which D in where 7 The comrade is speaking at the meeting is my teacher A whom B which C who D whose 8 He asked us to watch carefully everything he did in class A who B that C what D where 9 I ll visit the professor tomorrow he will be back from Shanghai A who B that C when D which 10 The school I study is a new one A on which B at where C on that D at which 11 China has many islands the largest is Taiwan A in which B at which C which D of which 12 The city my mother grew up is not far from here A what b where C that D which 13 Our teacher lives in the house door facts to the north A which B his C that D whose 14 Do you know the man your father nodded A whom B to whom C to who D about whom 15 Wresting is a sport in people easily get hurt A that B when C which D what 16 I told you I know A all that B all which C all what D all whom 17 China has a lot of famous writers one is Lu Xun A of which B of whom C of who D of them 18 Is this factory we visited last year A in which B around that C whom D the one 19 Who is the man was there A who B which C that D whom 20 Is there anything I can do for you sir A that B which C whose D who 21 I still remember the day she first wore that green dress A which B in which C on that D on which 22 The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp A with which B with it C with that D which 23 The games the young men competed in were difficult A in which B which C it D who Key 1 5DCCDA 6 10 BCBCD 11 15 DBDBC 16 20 ABDCA 21 23 DAB 定语从句练习 1 The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp A whichB withC with itD with which 2 The brave man the tiger was shot is a good hunter A of whomB by thatC by whomD by which 3 The clever boy made a hole in the wall he could see what it was going on inside the house A on whichB at whichC through whichD in which 4 The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers A in whichB worn byC through whichD on which 5 During the days he worked as a servant at the Browns A that followedB to follow C followingD followed 6 You may take anything useful A which you wantB you want them C what you wantD you want 7 My hometown is no longer the same it used to be A like B thatC as D which 8 The old woman has two sons one is a teacher A of whoB of whomC of whichD of them 9 You can take any seat is free A in which B thatC where D which 10 Is there anything to you A that belongB which belongs C that belongsD that is belonged 11 We hope to get such a tool he is using A whereB thatC as D which 12 Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term A tillB thatC since D which 13 She hasn t got enough money she buys the rings A for which B with whichC that D which 14 I ve read all the books were borrowed from the library A theyB whichC D that 15 This is the best hotel in the city I know A itB whereC that D which 16 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn A itB whichC D that 17 The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945 A on whichB whereC in that D during which 18 The train she was traveling was late A on thatB for which C on whichD which 19 Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long A on whichB thatC when D where 20 I ll show you a store you may buy all you need A that thatB which thatC where which D in which 21 I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress A on whichB on thatC in which D which 22 Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday A whyB whichC for that D for why 23 Is some German friends visited last week A this school whereB this school one C this the schoolD this school 24 Is there any one in your class family is in the city A whoseB whichC who sD who 25 Can you lend me the book the other day A which you talkedB that you talked C about that you talkedD you talked about 26 This is one of the best films this year A which has been shownB that have been shown C that have shownD have been shown 27 Do you know the man A that I spokeB I spoke to C to who I spokeD whom I spoke 28 There are two thousand students in our school are girls A two thirds in whichB two thirds in them C two thirds of them D of whom two thirds 29 I have bought two ball pens writes well A neither of themB none of them C neither of whichD none of which 30 He built a telescope he could study the skies A by itB through whichC with that D in which 31 Do you know the reason he was late A for which B for whatC whichD that 32 has been said above grammar is a set of dead rules A AsB ThatC What D Which 33 John got beaten in the game had been expected A whoB whatC that D as 34 They re invented me to their party is kind of them A thisB thatC which D as 35 Crusoe s dog became ill and died made him very lonely A thisB thatC which D as 36 There isn t so much noise in the country in big cities A asB whereC whichD that 37 I often thought of my childhood I lived on a farm A whoB whenC where D which 38 Next month you ll be in your hometown is coming A whereB whenC that D which 39 The next thing must be done is to make a plan A whichB thatC when D 40 He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school A thatB whenC who D which Fill in the blanks 1 This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980 2 The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized 3 This is the boy father died three years ago 4 The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting 5 Do you know the student was praised at the meeting 6 1949 is the year the People s Republic of China was founded 7 They work in a factory makes radio parts 8 They work in a factory radio parts are made 9 This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends 10 Here are players from Japan some of are our old friends 11 She lives in a small village is only three miles from here 12 She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai she has some friends 13 We ll put off the meeting till next week we won t be so busy 14 The sun gives the earth light and heat is very important to the living things 15 Those want to go to the computer room write your names here 16 He was often late made his teacher very angry 17 Who is the person is standing at the gate 18 He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited Correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any 1 He told us about the countries where he had visited 2 Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids 3 China is the country where he spent the best part of his life 4 The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten 5 The house stands at the place that the two roads meet 6 We shall visit the college where his father teaches there 7 I know the reason that she looks so worried 8 He left me the book that is very useful for me 9 This is the room which food is kept 10 April 15 1976 is the day when we ll never forget 11 The man came yesterday is our English teacher 12 The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two 13 This is all which I can do for you 1