山东省青岛市城阳区第七中学初中英语 定语从句学案（无答案） 人教新目标版

用心 爱心 专心1 山东省青岛市城阳区第七中学初中英语山东省青岛市城阳区第七中学初中英语 定语从句学案 无答案 定语从句学案 无答案 人教新目标版人教新目标版 一一 定语从句的理解 定语从句的理解 A A matchingmatching gamegame 1 I m reading a book The book is about Bill Gates 2 He is a teacher The teacher teaches us Chinese 3 I don t like the man He is smoking 4 Where is the picture You bought it last week UnderlineUnderline thethe attributiveattributive clausesclauses Don t forget the things that once you owned Treasure the things that you can t get Don t give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory EnjoyEnjoy somesome proverbs proverbs 带定语从句的谚语 带定语从句的谚语 1 God helps those who help themselves 自助者天助之 2 He who laughs last laughs best 谁笑到最后 谁笑的最好 3 Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it 世上无难事 只怕有心人 用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语定语 a talltall building the book onon thethe deskdesk anything importantimportant the girl inin redred 如果定语是句子 便称为定语从句 定语从句 I know the girl The girl is in red 两个简单句 I know the girl who is in red 定语从句 被修饰的词是 这个词就称为先行词先行词 其中连接两个句子的是 称为关系词关系词 关系词在从句中指代先行词 并在从句中充当一定的 成分 观察上句 关系词在从句中充当 附 关系词与先行词的关系 附 关系词与先行词的关系 关系词和先行词密切相关 因为关系词用来指代先行词指代先行词 并且在从句中充当一定的成分并且在从句中充当一定的成分 定语从句中常用的关系词有 关系代词关系代词 who whom 先行词表示人 which 先行词表示物 that whose 先行词表示人或物 关系代词在从句中可充当主语 宾语或定语 可以和介词连用的关系代词 whom which on which with whom for which 关系副词关系副词 when 表示时间 where 表示地点 why 表示原因 关系副词在从句中充当状语 二 按关系词种类学习二 按关系词种类学习 1 1 由 由 thatthat 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 一般情况下一般情况下 thatthat 可指人或物 可以代替可指人或物 可以代替 whowho whomwhom 和和 whichwhich 但不能置于介词之后 但不能置于介词之后 如 The man that who is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker 正在会上讲话的那个人是个先进工人 Is this the doctor that whom you talked about yesterday 这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗 The letter that which I received yesterday was from my father 昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的 2 2 由 由 whowho whomwhom 和和 whosewhose 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 whowho 在从句中作主语在从句中作主语 有时也可以代替有时也可以代替 whomwhom 做宾语 做宾语 whomwhom 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作宾语 whosewhose 在从句中作定语 在从句中作定语 如 This is the thief who stole my bike 这就是偷我自行车的那个贼 He is the boy whom you wanted to find 他就是你想要找的那个男孩 The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside 妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等 用心 爱心 专心2 你 3 3 由 由 whichwhich 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 whichwhich 指物 在从句中作主语或作谓语动词的宾语 指物 在从句中作主语或作谓语动词的宾语 如 The book which Mum bought me last week is very good 妈妈上周买给我的那本书很好 The house which was built last year belongs to them 这个去年建的房子属于他们 4 4 由 由 wherewhere whenwhen 和和 whywhy 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 wherewhere 在从句中作地点状语 在从句中作地点状语 whenwhen 在从句中作时间状语 在从句中作时间状语 whywhy 在从句中作原因状语 在从句中作原因状语 如 I will never forget the day when on which I joined the League 我永远忘不了我入团的那一天 He will go back to the school where in which he studied next week 下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校 I don t know the reason why for which he quarreled with Zhang Lin 我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因 三 注意点三 注意点 1 1 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时 关系代词常省去 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时 关系代词常省去 如 The play which I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3 我刚才看的那个戏剧在 3 频道上已上演了两次 2 2 当定语从句中含有介词 介词放在句末时 当定语从句中含有介词 介词放在句末时 whowho thatthat whichwhich 可省略 但介词在关系代词前时 只能可省略 但介词在关系代词前时 只能 用用 介词介词 which whom which whom 结构 结构 如 This is the house that which we lived in last year This is the house in which we lived last year 这是我们去年居住的房子 Please tell me the person who whom you borrowed the English novel from Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说 3 3 关系词只能用 关系词只能用 whwhichich 而不用 而不用 thatthat 的情况 的情况 a a 先行词为先行词为 thatthat thosethose 时 用时 用 whichwhich 而不用 而不用 thatthat 例如 What s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 b b 关系代词前有介词时 一般用关系代词前有介词时 一般用 whichwhich 而不用 而不用 thatthat 例如 This is the room in which he lives 这是他居住的房间 c c 引导非限引导非限制性定语从句 用制性定语从句 用 whichwhich 而不用而不用 thatthat 例如 The necklace which you gave me as a present was lost yesterday 你送给我做礼物的项链昨天丢了 Tom came back which made us happy 汤姆回来了 这使我们很高兴 He told the secret to others which annoyed us 他把秘密告诉了其他人 这惹怒了我们 4 4 关系词只能用 关系词只能用 who who 而不用而不用 thatthat 的情况的情况 a a 当先行词是泛指代词当先行词是泛指代词 hehe theythey peoplepeople 或指示代词或指示代词 thosethose 等时 常用等时 常用 whowho 如 如 He who does no work gets no pay 不工作的人是没有报酬的 We are in need of those who can work hard 我们需要那些努力工作的人 b b 不定代词不定代词 oneone onesones anyoneanyone 等作先行词时 多用等作先行词时 多用 whowho 如 如 One who works without complain is welcome here 那些工作没有抱怨的人在这受欢迎 c c 在非限制性定语从句中 一般要用在非限制性定语从句中 一般要用 whowho 不用 不用 thatthat 如 如 The man who comes from France helped us at last 那个来自法国的人最终帮助了我们 5 5 关系词只能用 关系词只能用 that that 不用不用 whowho 或或 whichwhich 的情况 的情况 a a 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 或本身是序数词 形容词最高级时 只能用先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 或本身是序数词 形容词最高级时 只能用 thatthat 而不用 而不用 whichwhich 例如 He was the first person that passed the exam 他是第一个通过考试的人 This is the best book that I have ever read 这是我读过的最好的书 用心 爱心 专心3 b b 被修饰的先行词为被修饰的先行词为 all all few few little little much much everything everything anything anything nothing nothing nonenone 等不定代词时 等不定代词时 只能用只能用 thatthat 而不用 而不用 whichwhich 例如 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗 c c 先行词被先行词被 all all every every thethe onlyonly thethe veryvery thethe samesame thethe lastlast littlelittle few few any any nono 等词修饰等词修饰 时 只能用时 只能用 thatthat 而不用 而不用 whichwhich 例如 This is the same bike that I lost 这就是我丢的那辆自行车 d d 先行词里同时含有人或物时 只能用先行词里同时含有人或物时 只能用 thatthat 而不用而不用 whichwhich 例如 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room 我能清楚记得我在那 个房间所见到的人和一些照片 e e 以以 whowho 或或 whichwhich 引导的特殊疑问句 为避免重复 只能用引导的特殊疑问句 为避免重复 只能用 thatthat 例如 Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 6 6 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 例如 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 7 7 注意定语从句中 先行词与关系代词可合成 注意定语从句中 先行词与关系代词可合成 whatwhat 的用法的用法 Please tell me whatwhat you said just now Please tell me thethe wordswords thatthat you said just now He showed me whatwhat he had written He showed me thethe thingsthings thatthat he had written 可以看到部分定语从句中 先行词先行词 关系词关系词 可以换作 whatwhat 课堂检测 ExerciseExercise 1 1 用关系代词填空用关系代词填空 1 The boy is playing ping pong is my classmate 2 The e mail I received yesterday was from my sister 3 I hate people talk much but do little 4 The car my father bought last month is very beautiful 5 The man hair is white is his grandfather 6 Is there a student father is a business man 7 This is the house in we have lived for 10 years 8 I ve never heard of the people and things you talked about just now ExerciseExercise 2 2 1 My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things they couldn t remember 2 Say all you know 3 Is there anything I can do for you 4 This is the first play I have seen since I came here 5 This is the best novel I have read 6 Who is the girl is standing under the tree 7 Which is the machine we used last Sunday ExerciseExercise 3 3 1 October 1 1949 is the day the PRC was founded A which B wh