人教版英语八年级下册Unit-2教育机构讲义

第 1 页 共 19 页 人教版英语八年级下册人教版英语八年级下册 Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks 知识点总结及单元测试卷 附答案 知识点总结及单元测试卷 附答案 教材内容解析教材内容解析 Section A 1 You could help to clean up the city parks P 9 1 help sb with sth 帮助某人某事 Can you help me with my homework help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 He often helps his mother clean do housework 2 clean up 意为 打扫干净 Nancy please clean up your room 2 The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up P 9 cheer up 意为 使开心 代词用作宾语时 要当在 cheer 和 up 之间 Cheer up Everything will be OK 3 The boy could give out food at the food bank P 9 give out 意为 分发 散发 相当于 hand out Here are some toys Please give them out to the children 4 The girl could volunteer in an after school study program to teach kids P 9 第 2 页 共 19 页 volunteer 用作动词 表示 义务做 自愿做 后接不定式作宾语 volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事 Tom volunteered to help us 5 Let s make some notices too P 10 also too as well 与 either 都可以表示 也 但是用法不同 also 放在句中行为动词前 be 动词 助动词和情态动词之后 He also wants to go too用于肯定句中 放在句尾 前面用逗号隔开 He wants to go either as well用于肯定句中 放在句尾 前面不用逗号隔开 He wants to go as well either用于否定句句末 He doesn t want to go either 6 We need to come up with a plan for the City park Clean Up Day P 10 come up with 表示 相出 提出 主意或者想法 Maybe she can come up with a good idea 7 Oh what did they ask you to help out with P 10 help out 意为 帮忙分担 帮 一把 Bill helped me out when I was in trouble 8 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be P 10 辨析 辨析 be get used to doing sth used to do sth 与与 be used to do sth be get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事His father is used to watching TV before going to bed used to do sth 过去经常做某事The boy used to play computer games be used to do sth 被用来做某事More and more wood is used to make paper 9 Yeah a lot of old people are lonely P 10 第 3 页 共 19 页 lonely 作形容词表示 孤独的 荒凉的 偏僻的 alone 既可以作形容词也可以作副词 作形容词时 只能作表语 不能作定语 He feels lonely at home himself It is a lonely mountain His grandfather was alone Mr Smith lives alone 10 We should listen to them and care for them P 10 care for 意为 照顾 照料 后接名词或者代词作宾语 相当于 look after 或者 take care of She cares for her little brother after school 11 I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces P 11 such 用作形容词 表示 这样 如此 用来修饰名词 可以修饰可数名词单数 也可以修饰可数名 词复数或者不可数名词 It s such a nice day I hope to have such delicious food every day 12 She could read by herself at the age of four P 11 at the age of 表示 在 岁时 表示年龄 He started school at the age of six 13 Last year she decided to try out for a volunteer after school reading program P 11 try out for 意为 参加 选拔 争取成为 Many boys tried out for the football team 第 4 页 共 19 页 14 I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time P 12 at the same time 意为 同时 You can not do your homework and watch TV at the same time 15 Our class is trying to P 12 try to do sth 尽力做某事 The doctor tries to save the sick girl try doing sth 尝试做某事 The boy tried playing the piano Section B 1 I take after my mother P 13 take after 意为 长得像 Mary takes after her father 2 I fixed it up P 13 fix up 意为 修理 代词作宾语时 放在 fix 和 up 中间 My computer doesn t work Can you fix it up for me 3 I gave it away P 13 give away 意为 捐赠 赠送 还可以表示 泄露 秘密 My sister gave away her toys to the poor children Don t give away the secret 4 I m similar to her P 13 第 5 页 共 19 页 be similar to 意为 与 相似 be similar in 在 方面类似 Her ideas are similar to mine The twins are similar in appearances 5 I didn t keep it P 13 keep sth 保留某物 You can keep the book until the next weekend keep doing sth 一直做某事 The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison keep adj 保持 The girl eats a little to keep slim keep sb sth adj 介词短语 保持某人 某物 We should keep the window open while we are asleep My mother keeps the vegetables in the fridge keep sb doing sth 保持某人做某事 The mother kept the baby crying on the bed 6 Who wrote the letter to Miss Li P 14 write a letter to sb write sb a letter write to sb 给某人写信 He is writing a letter to his parents 7 You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky P 14 有些动词后面接复合宾语时 常用 it 作形式宾语 而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担当 并位于宾 语补足语之后 常见的这样的动词有 find think feel make 等 I find it interesting to play computer games 第 6 页 共 19 页 We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour 8 Lucky makes a big difference to my life P 14 make a difference to 意为 对 有影响 对 起作用 后接名词 代词 动名词作宾语 Changing schools made a difference to my life The rain made no difference to the game 9 Or imagine you can t walk or use your hands easily P 14 imagine 表示 想象 时 后常接动名词或者从句作宾语 He often imagines having a big house You can t imagine how fast the player ran 10 I can t use my arms or legs well so normal things like answering the telephone opening and closing doors or carrying things are difficult for me P 14 bring 表示 带来 强调从别的地方带到说话的地方 常与副词 here 连用 take 表示 带走 强调从 说话的地方带去别的地方 常与副词 there 连用 carry 表示 搬 抬 没有方向性 The students brought their homework to school in the morning and take them home after school 11 She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog P 14 train 用作及物动词 表示 训练 培训 train sb sth to do sth 训练某人 某物做某事 They train the dogs to keep the door 12 After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers I was able to bring him home P 14 be able to 意为 能 会 表示能力 与 can 同义 In the future students will be able to study at home with the help of computers 第 7 页 共 19 页 拓展拓展 辨析 辨析 be able to 与与 can be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力 而 can 强调自身已具有的能力 She can sing the song in English He will be able to sing this song in English too 重点短语和句型归纳重点短语和句型归纳 重点短语重点短语 1 Clean Up Day 清洁日 2 an old people s home 养老院 3 help out with sth 帮助解决困难 4 used to 曾经 过去 5 care for 关心 照顾 6 the look of joy 快乐的表情 7 at the age of 在 岁时 8 clean up 打扫 或清除 干净 9 cheer up 使 变得更高兴 振奋起来 10 give out 分发 散发 11 come up with 想出 提出 12 make a plan 制订计划 13 make some notices 做些公告牌 14 try out 试用 试行 15 work for 为 工作 为 效力 第 8 页 共 19 页 16 put up 建造 举起 张贴 17 hand out 分发 散发 发给 18 call up 打电话 召集 19 put off 推迟 延迟 20 for example 比如 例如 21 raise money 筹钱 募捐 22 take after 与 相像 像 23 give away 赠送 捐赠 24 fix up 修理 修补 解决 25 be similar to 与 相似 26 set up 建立 设立 27 disabled people 残疾人 28 make a difference 影响 有作用 29 be able to 能够 30 after school reading program 课外阅读项目 重点句型重点句型 1 制订计划做某事 make plans to do sth 2 要求某人 不要 做某事 ask sb not to do sth 3 过去常常做某事 used to do sth 4 决定做某事 decide to do sth 5 有 感觉 get a feeling of 6 对 产生影响 make a difference to 第 9 页 共 19 页 7 自愿花时间某事 volunteer one s time to do sth 8 放弃时间去做某事 give up 时间 to do sth 9 使得做某事对某人来说是可能的 make it possible for sb to do sth 语法讲解语法讲解 动词不定式动词不定式 A 作主语 为避免句子的头重脚轻 常用 it 作为形式主语 而真正的主语动词不定式后置 常用句型 It be adj n for of sb to do sth It takes sb some time to do sth B 作宾语 动词 want decide hope ask agree choose learn plan need teach prepare 常接动词不定 式作宾语 C 作 后置 定语 常用于 have has sth to do 或 enough 名 to do It s time to do sth 等结 构中 D 作宾语补足语 tell ask want invite teach like call 等可接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语 构成 tell ask want call invite sb to do sth 结构 注意 动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去 to 一感 feel 二听 listen to hear 三让 let make have 四看 look at see watch notice 半帮助 help E 动词不定式作状语 主要用来修饰动词 表示目的 结果或原因 为了强调目的 有时可以把动词不定式放在句首 或 在不定式前加 in order to 或 so as to 为了 目的是 常用结构有 too adj adv to do sth 等 F 固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有 had better not do sth Would you like to do sth Why not do sth Would you please not do sth 等 单元测试卷单元测试卷 单项选择单项选择 每小题每小题 1 分 分 共共 15 分分 从 A B C D 四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案 第 10 页 共 19 页 21 Changing schools made a big difference his life A on B at C to D for 22 Mary s uncle made possible for her to travel around the world A it B that C this D one 23 The girl is so she needs a guide dog to help her A sick B blind C tired D sad 24 My friend Tom volunteered in the countryside two years ago A to work B work C working D works 25 Excuse me I find my hotel You could ask the policeman A can t B mustn t C needn t D shouldn t 26 She used to a bike to school but now she is used to to school A ride walk B riding walking C riding walk D ride walking 27 He is very so he can carry the heavy box A clever B strong C quiet D excited 28 Who is the of the house Mr Black He bought it last year A passenger B guest C visitor D owner 29 vacations by the sea is Dale s dream A Spend B Spending C Spends D Spent 30 They often help sick children in the children s hospital A cheer up B clean up C set up D make up 第 11 页 共 19 页 31 My cousin has difficulty English newspapers A read B reads C reading D to read 32 My computer doesn t work Could you help it A repair B buy C raise D open 33 How nice these pictures are Please on the wall A put it up B put up it C put up them D put them up 34 I can help my mother do some things like the rooms A cleans B cleaning C clean D to clean 35 We shouldn t read in the sun It s bad for our eyes A Sorry to hear that B That sounds great C You re right D I don t think so 完形填空完形填空 每小题每小题 1 分 共分 共 10 分分 先通读下面的短文 掌握其大意 然后从 A B C D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案 易读度易读度 A few months ago I learned that the city food bank needed some volunteers I used to be the 36 in my group of friends So I sent letters to 10 friends I d like to 37 a group that would volunteer to make and serve dinner for the disabled people I wanted to 38 my friends to be part of the group Almost all of my friends 39 One day several of my friends brought some food and helped prepare the 40 I got such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I saw the 41 people get the food said one friend Later another friend made a list 清单 about serving 42 we could do quickly and easily Now each month there are new faces that join the group One woman 43 invited another group of her friends to serve 第 12 页 共 19 页 It s hard to imagine that simple 44 asking friends to help have made a great difference At first I just wanted to be an organizer Now I 45 my idea I also love to work as a volunteer because I can get more joy from the happy faces of the disabled people 36 A volunteer B organizer C singer D nurse 37 A set up B cheer up C give up D clean up 38 A take B move C invite D teach 39 A refused B agreed C stayed D left 40 A training B journey C party D meal 41 A disabled B strong C clever D kind 42 A but B so C because D or 43 A still B hardly C only D even 44 A words B visits C letters D e mails 45 A keep B get C change D open 阅读理解阅读理解 每小题每小题 2 分 共分 共 20 分分 A Ann wanted to play in the city orchestra 管弦乐队 but she was nervous 紧张的 She thought it might be too difficult The first day she was so nervous and she could hardly breathe After a few rehearsals 排练 she could comfortably play along with everyone else She found that there was no reason to be nervous and began to enjoy herself In rehearsals Ann became friends with Danny Danny sat next to her and always helped her Ann often asked him questions about music Danny s parents were musicians They started teaching Danny music when he was only five years old Ann couldn t imagine playing the violin at that age Ann s another friend in the orchestra was Marie After rehearsal Marie would tell Ann funny stories Though Marie was much older than Ann the two became good friends 第 13 页 共 19 页 The orchestra was rehearsing music for a concert Ann invited some of her friends at school to come Though they didn t understand music they promised to come They all liked Ann and wanted to cheer her Ann s family also planned to go to the concert Ann looked forward to the event and she hoped it would not rain on the night of the concert On the night of the concert Ann was excited Danny and Marie both told her that the concert would be fun Ann knew that she would enjoy it The conductor 指挥 Mike was nervous Ann was surprised because she knew that he conducted many big concerts all over the world After the concert was over the conductor seemed happy He said the orchestra gave a fine performance 根据材料内容选择最佳答案 46 From the first paragraph we can learn that Ann A didn t want to learn music B was excited to try new things C thought there was no reason to be nervous D wasn t interested in playing in the orchestra 47 Ann made friends in the orchestra A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 48 Some of Ann s friends promised to come to the concert because A they enjoyed the music B they wanted to cheer her C they wanted to learn to play D they wanted to make new friends 49 How did Ann feel on the night of the concert A Excited B Tired C Nervous D Sad 50 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage 第 14 页 共 19 页 A Ann s parents were musicians B Marie was two years older than Ann C Danny started playing the piano at age 5 D Mike had much experience in conducting concerts B Here are some ideas for you on how to help others through volunteering 51 When people get older it becomes harder to do many things from walking to the store to doing the housework Old people living alone can also feel lonely As a volunteer you can do a lot to help the old in your neighborhood You could visit them and help them with their housework 52 Many people with disabilities need help You could volunteer to read books to the blind or deliver 递送 something for people who can t get around too well 53 There are lots of volunteer jobs to do in hospitals and health care centers As a volunteer you can make beds deliver flowers and gifts help serve meals and do lots of other important jobs 54 Some families don t have enough money to buy food and clothes for their kids Some people don t have place to live at all To help these people as a volunteer you can give clothes food or money to or raise money for a charity 慈善机构 55 Sometimes people need more help when the holidays come Holidays are happy but for people who are alone or unlucky they can be a lonely hard time As a volunteer you can deliver holiday dinners to less lucky people visit the lonely old people and serve food to the homeless 第 15 页 共 19 页 根据材料内容 从 A E 中选出与各段落相对应的标题 并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上 A Helping poor families B Helping the disabled C Helping during holidays D Helping your old neighbors E Doing the hospital work 51 52 53 54 55 情景交际情景交际 每小题每小题 1 分 共分 共 10 分分 根据对话内容及所给首字母提示 补全所缺单词 含缩略形式 使对话完整 通顺 A Hello can I help you B Yes please I d like to b 56 a volunteer A What k 57 of volunteer work would you like to do B Any work is OK A Oh we need someone t 58 help teach kids basketball B Sorry I can t play basketball Is there anything e 59 A There is a job cleaning up the parks It s every Sunday B That s n 60 good I have to help look after my grandmother on Sundays A Oh I see Here is another job Do you know h 61 to repair bicycles B Sorry I c 62 even repair my own bicycle A OK M 63 this is a good one Would you like to read to sick people in the hospital You can d 64 it any day you like B That sounds good W 65 could I start 第 16 页 共 19 页 A How about today B OK no problem 词汇运用词汇运用 每小题每小题 0 5 分 共分 共 5 分分 A 根据句意及所给汉语提示 写出句中所缺单词 66 We are making some 通知 for Clean Up Day 67 She is 聋的 She can t hear anything 68 At last I 理解 what she said 69 We should help 有残疾的 people 70 They had to 扛 their boxes to the village B 根据句意 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 71 Don t hurt others feel It s not good 72 The car has six wheel It s very interesting 73 You can t imagine how I missed the bird 74 After ten days of train now I can drive a car 75 I got out of trouble because of your kind 完成句子完成句子 每小题每小题 2 分 共分 共 10 分分 根据各题后括号内的要求完成下列各题 每空一词 含缩略形式 76 Susan would like to help her friend out 改为一般疑问句 Susan to help her friend out 77 Jet helped give out food at the food bank 改为一般疑问句 Jet give out food at the food bank 第 17 页 共 19 页 78 My grandfather used to walk a dog after dinner 改为否定句 My grandfather to walk a dog after dinner 79 I hope you can repair my blender in time 改为同义句 I hope you can my blender in time 80 You could help buy some flowers 对划线部分提问 could I 综合填空综合填空 每小题每小题 1 分 共分 共 10 分分 阅读短文 从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空 使短文通顺 意思完整 每词限用一次 其中有两个词是多余的 week he what idea why refuse dog daughter start do hope read Jennifer and her sister Katie learned in Sunday School how they should care about others This gave them a great idea Let s 81 a new club at school We can call it THE CARE CLUB said Katie CARE means Caring and Respecting 尊重 Everybody Jennifer agreed it was a wonderful 82 Every night they planned 83 they would do the next day to show love to others One day they helped a boy with 84 homework after school Another day they stayed after school to help a little girl learn to 85 On the weekend they walked a neighbor s 86 and even gave the dog a good shower Katie and Jennifer s parents u