2012高考英语考前冲刺Ⅲ专题01 冠词和名词

用心 爱心 专心1 20122012 考前冲刺英语考前冲刺英语 专题专题 0101 冠词和名词冠词和名词 高考预测高考预测 1 名词词组以及普通名词在具体语境中的运用 2 名词的可数和不可数 3 名词作定语和在一些固定短语中的用法 4 冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和部分物质名词 抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法 5 名词作直接定语与名词所有格作定语的区别 6 名词作定语和其同根的形容词作定语的区别 7 冠词在固定短语中的有无问题 易错点点睛易错点点睛 易错点点睛 1 名词词组以及普通名词在具体语境中的运用 1 2012 精选模拟 The head office of the bank is in Beijing but it has all over the country A companies B branches C organizations D businesses 错误解答 A 或 D 正确解答 B 3 2012 精选模拟 The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles A length B distance C way D space 错误解答 A 或 D 错解分析 名词按意义可划分为普通名词和专有名词 这道题主要是要辨清四个名 用心 爱心 专心2 词的具体含义 length 长度 distance 距离 way 道路 方法 space 空间 太空 结构 a distance of 数字 来表示 有 的距离 正确解答 B 4 2012 精选模拟 In dealing with public relations we should make every effort to prevent the in personality A contact B contrast C connection D conflict 错误解答 B 天才 才能 character 品性 性格 品度 根据句意应该是指和别人共同工作时的 性格 因此填 Characler 正确解答 D 特别提醒 1 英语中专有名词是指个人 国家 地方 机构 组织等所有的名称 如 Asiathe Nile China THE Great Wall 普通名词 一般可为数 表示一类的人或物的个体 如 car book student 等 集体名词 一般为不可数 表示一群人或一类物的集合体 如 jewelry class majority 等 抽象名词 一般为不可数 表示品质 行为 状态 感情 或其他抽象 概念如 danger anger friendship encouragement 等 物质名词 一般为 不可数 表示无法分为个体的实物 如 salt water coffee silk 等 2 名词词组一般由一个中心名词来构成 如 the World Cup a woman teacher thje blind 等 也可台是 限定词 前置修饰词中心词 后置修饰语 来构成 如 a four miles trip 或 a four mile trip a son in law 等 变式探究 1 Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at 用心 爱心 专心3 A Gate 21 B 21st Gate C the Gate 21 D 21 Gate 答案 A 解析 Gate 21 指 21 号门 也可说 the 21st Gate 2 Hi this way please OK I sometimes have no sense of when I arrive at the cross road A position B direction C situation D condition 答案 B 解析 强调不是天然生长的 而是 人工的 人 造的 易错点点睛易错点点睛 2 2 名词的可数和不可数名词的可数和不可数 1 2012 精选模拟 The young dancers looked so channing in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them A many of B masses of C the number of D a large number of 用心 爱心 专心4 错误解答 A 3 I have done much of the work Could you please finish in two days A the rest B the other C another D the others 错误解答 B 或 D 错解分析 根据语境要取代的是前文的不可数名词 work 当 工作 讲时 是不可 数名词 但当 著作 讲时 是可数名词 在此句中要用复数形式 正确解答 A 特别提醒 变式探究 用心 爱心 专心5 易错点点睛易错点点睛 3 3 名作定语和在一些固定短语中的用法名作定语和在一些固定短语中的用法 1 2012精选模拟 Your fluency in Chinese gives you an advantage the other candidates for the job A for B with C than D over 错误解答 C 错解分析 此题看上去是介词或连词的选择 实际是对名词 advantage 用法的考 查 如果单纯从汉语思维角度来理解 很可能认为 比别人怎么样 用 than 实际上短语 have an advantage over 是 比 具有优势 的意思 是固定搭配 正确解答 D 2 2012 精选模拟 He got to the station early missing his train A in case of B instead of C for fear of D in search of 错误解答 A 用心 爱心 专心6 have more students A for the moment B on the moment C in a moment D for a moment 错误解答 C 错解分析 本题考查短语的意义和用法 For the moment 目前 暂时 in a moment 马上 立刻 for a moment 片刻 一会儿 根据题意 应该填 for the moment 正确解答 A 特别提醒 1 作直接定语的中词一般是表示 时间 地点 材料和类别的名词 如 summer school streer lights paper money coffee cup women doctors 当名词作直接定语时应该注意 以下几个问题 1 名词作直接定语时一般 用单数 例如 a book srore a traffic light a ticket office a bus driver aboy friend 它们的复数形式分别是 book stores traffic lights ticket offices bus drivers boy friends 但是 man woman 作定语时 要与所修 饰的名词汇的数保持一致 例如 a man teacher 这绵复数形式是 men teachers 2 某些常有用复数形工的名词作直接定语旱也用复数 例如 a goods train a cloths shop a sales department a sports field a news reporter 等 3 名词固定短语常有出现在英语考试试题如单选 完形填空 单词拼写和短文改错中 尤其是一些动宾关系的固定搭配 在复习中要注意积累 例如 You can take as many as you like because they are free of A charge B fare C money D pay 此题的答案选 A be free of charge 是固定用法 意思是 免费 变式探究 1 Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give out oxygen to ns 用心 爱心 专心7 A in case B in turn C in return D in addition 易错点点睛易错点点睛 4 4 冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和部分物质名词 抽象名词具体化之后的冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和部分物质名词 抽象名词具体化之后的 冠词用法冠词用法 1 After dinner he gave Mr Richardson ride to Capital Airport A the a B a the C a D the 错误解答 D 错解分析 本题是考查冠词的基本用法 名词 ride 这里是表示 搭乘 的含义 是可数名词 后者是由普通名词 通常有定冠词 正确解答 B 2 2012 精选模拟 It is world of wonders world where anything can happen A a the B a a C the a D 错误解答 A 错解分析 一般来说 第二次出现的名词前用定冠词 所以会错选 A 但这里 world 都是泛指 根据语境 这是一个充满奇迹的世界 一个任何事情都可能发生的世界 应该 用不定冠词 正确解答 B 3 2012 精选模拟 The most important thing about cotton in history is part that it played in Industrial Revolution 用心 爱心 专心8 A B the C the the D a the 错误解答 A 错解分析 本题考查冠词的用法 Leave the ciry 离开了他所住的那座城市 是 特指 星期前还常不用冠词 但本题中 a mondqy 表示统指 表示某个星期一 正确解答 D 特别提醒 1 不定冠词一般有 any 或 one 的意思 但不强调数目概念 只用来指事物 说明其名 称或种类 1 泛指人 事 物的类别 例如 A plane is a machine than can fly 泛指飞机 2 泛指某人或某物 例如 Mary was a teacher in our school 泛指教师 3 表示 one every 或 per 的意义 例如 My father studies Japanese four hours a day 相当于 per 4 在某些固定短语中 例如 A have a swim walk talk dance look quarrel B have a cold have a good time keep a diary in a hurry once in a while at a loss for a while once up on a time all of a sudden tell a lie do sb a favor at a mouthful at a distance 用心 爱心 专心9 2 定冠词的习惯用法 1 用在姓氏复数形式前表示一家人 例如 The Greens are at table 格林一家人 2 用在年代 朝代 时代名词前 例如 the Tang Dynasty the Spring and Autumn Period in the 2010s 3 用在作为课程或演奏等的乐器名称前 例如 注意 play the piano 和 have a piano 4 用在表示计量单位的名词前 例如 by the hour 按小时 by the dozen 论打 by the yard 按码 5 用在方向名词和某些表示时间的名词前 例如 on the left fight in the east west in the evening on the other hand in the end in the daytime 3 使用冠词的注意事项 1 专有名词 物质名词 抽象名词 人名 称呼语 头衔 职务 季节 月份 B Chinese s French 但 the Chinese language 4 注意有些短语没有冠词时在意义上的区别 sit at table 吃饭 sit at the table 坐在桌旁 be in charge of 负责 be in charge of 在 掌管之下 take place 发生 take the plac 代替 用心 爱心 专心10 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 为 所有 in the sight of 看得见 in the sight of 据 的见解 in place of 代替 in place of 在 的地方 be of age 成年 be of an age take advice 同龄 take the advice 征求意见 take the advice 听从劝告 out of question 不成问题 out of the question 根本不可能 make beds 制作床 make the bed 整理床铺 in the eyes of sb 在某人韵心目中 在某人看来 变式探究 1 He has great interest in history especially in history of Tang Dynasty A a the B a C the D a 答案 A 解析 前者 a most beautiful 相当于 very 后者 a second 表示 又一次 4 After the 1980s the west be came Godlike to many Chinese be cause of Westermers wealth and freedom to do A B the the C the D the 用心 爱心 专心11 答案 D 解析 表示类别时用名词直接作定语还是用名词所有格作定语 要遵循英语习惯 这要靠平时的积累 例如 a peasant family peasant 习惯用名词直接作定语 农民家庭 a worker s family worker 习惯用名词所有格作定语 工人家庭 有些是可以并存的 但 含义不同 例如 the woman teacher 这位女教师 the woman s teacher 这位妇女的老师 the boyfnend 男朋友 the boy s friend 这个男孩的朋友 答案 B 难点 2 名词作定语和其同根的形容词作定语的区别 2 When we are in France China is an country A east B easter C eastward D eastern 解析 east 东方 东部 eastern country 指东方国家 名词作定语强调被修饰成 分的内容或功能 但其同根的形容词作定语主要用来说明所修饰的名词的性质 状态或特 征 例如 a Wood shed 木料棚 用来放木料的棚子 Gold ring 金戒指 表示戒的内容 golden sun 金色的太阳 表示太阳的特征 答案 D 难点 3 冠词在固定短语中的有无问题 3 I didn t expect that Tom would my failure to a chieve his own goal A make use of B make the most of C take advantage of D take the advantage of 解析 英语中有些短语中没有冠词 如选项 A 利用 有些须有定冠词 如选项 B 最大程度的利用 而短语 takeadvantage f 为了自己的利益而对某人或某事加以利用 是 没有冠词的 需要在学习中注意积累 用心 爱心 专心12 答案 C 变式探究 1 This set of golf clubs was sent by A a friend of my father B my father s friend C my father friend s D a friend of my father s 答案 D 典型习题导练典型习题导练 I 单项选择 1 Man s first walk on the moon was a staring technological A success B achievement C succession D accomplishment 答案 B 解析 success 指通过努力取得令人满意的 成就 achievement 不顾困难 连续努力 所取得的 成就 2 Everyone s application for the job must be sent in one week A beforehand B ahead of time C in advance D as early as possible 答案 C 解析 in advance 预先 含超前的意思 ahead of time 提前 beforehand 预先 强 调事前 选项 D 表示 尽早 的意思 3 When he was a student his father gave him a monthly towards his expense 用心 爱心 专心13 A salary B allowance C wage D money 答案 B 解析 allowance 津贴 4 You have the of working hard and being successful or not working hard and being unsuccessful A selection B choice C alternative D option 8 Who is the author ity to the subject A in B of C over D on 答案 D 解析 固定搭配 9 I m in my that he is a good manager A behavior B believe C beloved D belief 答案 D 解析 in one s belief 相信某物某人 10 I had no choice but to receive part of my previous lecture those who had been absent from some classes A for the benefit of B on purpose 用心 爱心 专心14 C in return for D on the pretext of 答案 A 解析 意思是 为了 选项 B 故意地 选项 C 作为 的报答 选项 D 以 为借口 11 Now we can pick up weather information from new type of weather satellite A the a B the the C a D a a 答案 C 15 The radiation of uranium was then regarded as secret of nature A a the B a a C the the D a 答案 D 解析 前者表示某种 泛指 nature 大自然 不可数名词 16 Some of the passengers told the reporters about their in the burning train A details B trips C events D experiences 答案 D 解析 这里 experience 是指 经历 可数名词 17 It is great pleasure to go to cinema after a week s hard work 用心 爱心 专心15 A a the B the a C a a D the the 答案 A 解析 前者抽象名词具体化 后者 go to the cinema 是习惯说法 18 Thank you for sending us fresh vegetables of many kinds You have done us great service A a B the a C D the 答案 A 8 A 解析 复数名词 vegetables 泛指 不用冠词 do sb a service 是固定搭配 意 为 对 有帮助 好处 19 We stood at the top of the mountain east of the city watching burning sun rising A a B the a C the the D the 答案 A 23 As a result of the heavy snow the highway has been closed up until further A news B information C notice D message 答案 C 24 500 but that is my last offer OK it is a A cost B price C reward D deal 答案 D 用心 爱心 专心16 解析 It s a deal I agree to your terms 25 These boxes are too heavy for me to move Here I ll give you a hand them A for B to C with D by 答案 C 解析 短语 give a hand to sb give sb a hand 表示 给某人帮助 的意思 26 Those football players had no strict until they joined our club A practice B education C training D exercise 答案 C 29 The building of that school was completed in August of 典型例题 t in September A the B the the C D the 答案 D 30 He walked up to cupboard near the wall and reached out for second tube A the B the a C a a D a 答案 B 解析 后者是 又一支试管 的意思 31 Excuse me are you going to buy book Well I need it for class but it is too expensive 用心 爱心 专心17 A the a B a the C a D the 答案 A 解析 前者是特指双方都知道的书 32 way to understands of new words is to gain good knowledge of basic word formation A The the B One a C A the D The 答案 B 解析 后者抽象名词 knowledge 具体化 33 What did you think of president I didn t care for him at first but after time I got to like him A the a B the C the the D a 答案 A 解析 前者是说话双方都知道的人 特指 后者 after a time after a while 34 In recent year change of weather of the globe has produced great effect on all the living things on the earth A a B a C the a D a a 35 答案 A 37 All these changes will lead to stronger a more powerful China country that can sprise and enrich our planet A a a B a the C the a D the the 答案 A 用心 爱心 专心18 38 Whenever I go out father warns me to turn police in time of trouble A the B a C the D the the 答案 C 解析 police 前常用定冠词 in time of trouble 是固定用法 39 She is the only one among the writers vstories for children A woman writes B women write C women writes D woman write 答案 A 解析 woman 作定语时形式随所修饰名词的数变化而变化 后者主语是 the only one 所以用单数 40 About 25 percent of European can Speak foreign language besides their native languages A the a B an the C the the D 答案 A A benefits B goods C pleasures D possessions 答案 A 解析 benefit 优良条件 作可数名词讲 44 She is success woman as she A a a B a 用心 爱心 专心19 C a D the the 答案 C 解析 success 用在可数名词 成功者 达到目的的人或事物 后者是 as 让步状语从 句的倒装 冠词省略 45 The small grocer was at the of the people owed money to A expense B cost C mercy D sigh 答案 C 解析 at the mercy of 任凭 摆布 受 支配 at the expense of 有 负担 以 为牺牲 at the cost of 以 为代价 at the sight of 一看到 就 46 I m sorry I can t see you immediately but if yot like to take a seat I 11 be with you momerit A for a B in a C for the D at the 答案 B 解析 in a moment 立即 马上 for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 暂时 at the moment 此时 此刻 47 Jane wrote to a pen friend in Japan for several years A off and on B to and from C up and down D sooner or later 答案 A 解析 off and on on and off 断断续续地 不时地 to and from 来回地 48 If you ask me she has too high of herself A opinion B idea C an opinion D a regard 答案 C 用心 爱心 专心20 完形填空 阅读下面短文 掌握其大意 然后从 51 70 各题所给的四个选项中选出可以填人空白 处的最佳选项 She died at the age of 15 in one of history s greatest tragedies 51 her spirit lives on to this day through the diary in which she recorded her 52 53 touched bydespair and terror the message of 54 in her words has inspired many Anne Frank the most famous 55 child of World War I is indeed a symbol of the Holocaust 大屠杀 Her secret writings later published 56 The Diary of Anne Frank 57 of two years in the life of a young Jewish girl hiding in Nazi controlled Amsterdam To mark the 75th anniversary of her 58 on June 12 this year www annefiank org is to 59 some rare photographs and a short film of the girl taken when she was 12 Born in 1929 Anne Frank was a German Jewish teenager who that everything will change for the 69 that this cruelty shall end and that peace will 77 once more July 15 1944 51 A Though B But C Instead D While 答案 B 解析 安妮虽死 但精神活到了今天 表转折 52 A birth B death C experiences D happiness 答案 C 解析 日记记录的应是过去的经历 53 A But B Though C While D However 答案 B 54 A success B victory C hope D pleasure 用心 爱心 专心21 答案 C 解析 日记中含有希望的信息依然鼓舞了许多人 55 A hidden B lost C beaten D caught 答案 A 解析 全文多次提到安妮被捕之前被藏了起来 56 A for B by C as D for 答案 C 解析 根据语境逻辑需要 意为表示 作为 57 A speak