初一英语语法知识总复习(超详细)

课时一教学任务课时一教学任务 一 一 重点语法重点语法 1 动词 be am is are 的用法 be 动词包括 am is are 三种形式 第一人称单数 I 配合 am 来用 句型解析析 I am 第二人称 You 配合 are 使用 句型解析 You are 第三人称单数 He or She or It 配合 is 使用 句型解析 She He It is 人称复数 we you they 配合 are 使用 句型解析 We You They are 例句 We are in Class 5 Grade 7 They are my friends You are good students 用法口诀用法口诀 我 I 用 am 你 you 用 are is 跟着他 he 她 she 它 it 单数名词用 is 复数名词全用 are 变否定 更容易 be 后 not 加上去 变疑问 往前提 句末问号莫丢弃 还有一条须注意 句首大写莫忘记 一 用括号中适当的词填空 1 I am are is from Australia 2 She am are is a student 3 Jane and Tom am is are my friends 4 My parents am is are very busy every day 5 Are Is Do Does there a Chinese school in New York 6 Be Are Were Was they excited when he heard the news 7 There be some glasses on it 8 If he be free tomorrow he will go with us 一 用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1 I a boy you a boy No I not 2 The girl Jack s sister 3 The dog tall and fat 4 The man with big eyes a teacher 5 your brother in the classroom 6 Where your mother She at home 7 How your father 8 Mike and Liu Tao at school 9 Whose dress this 10 Whose socks they 11 That my red skirt 12 Who I 13 The jeans on the desk 14 Here a scarf for you 15 Here some sweaters for you 16 The black gloves for Su Yang 17 This pair of gloves for Yang Ling 18 The two cups of milk for me 19 Some tea in the glass 20 Gao shan s shirt over there 第二课时 第二课时 1 英语人称代词和物主代词 英语人称代词和物主代词 一 人称代词一 人称代词 表示 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 的词 叫做人称代 词 人称代词有人称 数和格的变化 见下表 单数复数 人称 主格宾格主格宾格 第一人称Imeweus 第二人称youyouyouyou hehim sheher第三人称 itit theythem 人称代词主格 作主语 表示谁怎么样了 干什么了 I am a teacher You are student He is a student too We You They are students 人称代词宾格作宾语 表示动作行为的对象 Give it to me Let s go let s let us 二 物主代词二 物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词 也可叫做代词所有格 物主代词分形容词性形容词性 物主代词物主代词和名词性物主代词名词性物主代词二种 其人称和数的变化见下表 单数复数数 人称 类别 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二人称 第三 人称 形容词性物主 代词 myyourhisheritsouryourtheir 名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 汉语我的你的他的她的它的 我们的 你们的 他 她 它 们的 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our their 名词 而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词 名词 故其后不必加名词故其后不必加名词 如 Is this your book No it isn t it s hers her book This pen is mine 代词练习 一 代词练习 一 一 选出括号中正确的词 在正确的词上打勾 一 选出括号中正确的词 在正确的词上打勾 1 This is my I mother 2 Nice to meet your you 3 He His name is Mark 4 What s she her name 5 Excuse me my I 6 Are your you Miss Li 7 I My am Ben 8 She Her is my sister 9 Fine thank your you 10 How old is he his 二 用所给代词的正确形式填空 二 用所给代词的正确形式填空 1 These are he brothers 2 That is she sister 3 Lily is Lucy sister 4 Tom this is me cousin Mary 5 Now her parent are in America 6 Those child are I father s students 7 Do you know it name 8 Mike and Tom be friends 9 Thanks for helping I 10 Ann 安 mother is we teacher 三 单项选择 三 单项选择 1 My family a big family My family all here A is is B are areC is areD are is 2 This is A a picture of familyB a picture of my family C a family s pictureD a family of my picture 3 Let s good friends A beB areC isD am 4 Is she your aunt Yes A she sB her isC she isD he is 5 Are coats yours Yes they are A theyB theseC thisD there 6 Is that uncle No it isn t A heB sheC herD hers 7 Mrs Green is grandmother A Jim and KateB Jim and Kate s C Jim s and Kate s D Jim and Ka tes 8 Do you know the name Mr Green s son A inB ofC onD or 9 the great photo of your family A thank forB Thanks for C Thank for D thanks for 10 Are those your friends A Yes they reB No they are C Yes they are D Yes those are 代词练习 二 代词练习 二 课时二 课时二 2 简单句 简单句 一一 陈述句陈述句 陈述句的否定结构 陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达 1 句子的谓语动词为 be have 或者谓语动词有助动词 情态动词时 其否 定结构为 主语 谓语动词 助动词 情态动词 not 其他成分 I am not a teacher 我不是老师 We have not haven t any books on animals 我们没有任何有关动物方面的书 The children are not aren t playing in the playground 孩子们没在操场上玩 He will not won t come 他不会来 We must not mustn t forget the past 我们不能忘记过去 It could not couldn t be lost 它不可能丢的 一 用适当的代词填空一 用适当的代词填空 1 We like he his him very much 2 Is this guitar you your yours 3 She Her Hers name is Li Li 4 Father bought a desk for I my me mine 5 It It s Its is very cold today 6 Is this your book Mike Yes we you they are 7 Are you and Tom classmates Yes we you they are 8 Each of the students have has a pen pal 9 He has a dog I want to have it one too 10 Her parents are both all either teachers 11 The text is easy for you There are few a few little a litt le new words in it 12 I want some any bananas Give me these big one ones 二 选择正确的答案二 选择正确的答案 1 Is this book A you B I C she D your 2 It s a bird name is Polly A Its B It s C His D It 3 What s that a jeep A it s B Its C It s D its 4 What s that in English A It s egg B That s egg C It s a egg D It s an egg 5 Whose cat is this Is it yours Is it a white A cat s B one C ones D cats 6 Please give the book to A I B me C my D mine 7 skirt is yours A Whose B Where C How D Which 8 is this pen It s Wang Fang s A Who s B Whose C Where D Which 9 Kate and Mike do homework in the evening A one s B his C her D their 10 There isn t water in the bottle A any B some C no D a 2 当句子的谓语动词是 do 即行为动词 而且没有助动词或情态动词时 其否定结构为 主语 do does did not 动词原形 其他成分 You do not don t come here every day 你没有每天都来这里 He does not doesn t teach this class 他不教这个班 They did not didn t watch TV last night 昨晚他们没看电视 注意 陈述句的语调一般用降调 但在表示疑问的语气时 用升调 在书面上 要用问号来表示 You really want to go to Hong Kong 你真的想去香港吗 这句话表示的是一种疑问 只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的 二二 疑问句疑问句 疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子 句末用问号 常考的疑问句有四类 即 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 反意疑问句 第一节第一节 一般疑问句一般疑问句 一般疑问句通常需要用一般疑问句通常需要用 yes 或或 no 来回答来回答 所以又叫做 是非疑问句 在读 这种句子时 要用升调 一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型 1 be 主语 表语 结构 Are you sleepy 你困了吗 Yes I am 是的 我困了 3 情态动词 主语言 行为动词 或 be 结构 May Can I use the telephone 我能用这部电话吗 Yes you can 是的 可 以 5 助动词 do does did 主语 行为动词 结构 Do you like swimming in summer 你喜欢夏天游泳吗 No I don t 不 我不喜欢 难点提示 回答否定性一般疑问句时 要在 Yes 后面用肯定结构 表示肯定 在 No 后面 用否定结构 表示否定 注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反 诀窍是在回答的 时候 只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了 注意下 面例句的回答和它的意思 Is he not your elder brother 他不是你的哥哥吗 Yes he is 不 他是 我的哥哥 No he is not 是的 他不是 我的哥哥 Isn t she very clever 她难道不是很聪明吗 Yes she is 不 她很聪明 No she is not 是 她不聪明 第二节第二节 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 一 特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句 要求听到问题的人针对特定 情况来做具体的回答 不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用 Yes 或或 No 来回答来回答 特 殊疑问句要用降调来读 二 特殊疑问句的结构 特殊疑问词 一般疑问句 Who do English homework in the evening 谁晚上做英语家庭作业 What do you do in the evening 你晚上做什么 What homework do you do in the evening 你晚上做什么家庭作业 When do you do English homework 你什么时候做英语家庭作业 三 注意 对人提问时 who 谁 对所属 谁的 提问用 whose 谁的 对哪一个提问用 which 哪一个 对时间提问用 when 什么时候 或 what time 几点 对物体提问用 what 什么 对地点提问用 where 哪里 对原因提问用 why 为什么 对方式提问用 how 怎么样 对数量提问用 how many 多少 用于可数名词复数 或 how much 多少 用 于不可数名词 四 难点提示 1 以 why 开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议 请求等 Why don t you have a try 你为什么不试试呢 2 特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式 在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法 I don t want to go there How about you 我不想去那儿 你呢 But what else 可是还有什么呢 把下列句子变成否定句 1 I am listening to music 2 Mike is a student 3Sarah can clean the classroom 4 They are in the zoo 5 There are some flowers in the vase 6 This is my sister 7 We are sweeping the floor 8 We need some masks 9 They like making the puppet 10 Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house 11 I put a book on my head 12 They sing In the classroom together 13 We play basketball on Sundays 14 Tom likes listening to music 肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的 方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法 三步法 1 有 be 动词 情态动词 be 动词 情态动词提到句首 其余照抄 some 改成 any my 改成 your 句末用问号 2 无 be 动词 情态动词 在句首加 Do Does Did 其余照抄 some 改成 any my 改成 your 句末用问号 3 加 Does did 的句子注意 句子动词要变成原型 例如 陈述句 They are in the park He can play the guitar 一般疑问句 Are they in the park Can he play the guitar 陈述句 I like the ducks He likes the dogs 一般疑问句 Do you like the ducks Does he like the dogs 把下列句子变成一般疑问句 1 I am listening to music 2 Mike is a student 3 Sarah can clean the classroom 4 They are in the zoo 5 There are some flowers in the vase 6 This is my sister 7 We are sweeping the floor 8 We need some masks 9 They like making the puppet 10 Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house 11 I put a book on my head 12 They sing In the classroom together 13 We play basketball on Sundays 14 Tom likes listening to music 关于特殊疑问词 1 根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词 根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词 后面写原句变成的一般疑问句 句末问号 后面写原句变成的一般疑问句 句末问号 2 how many 后必须先写物品 再写一般疑问句等 后必须先写物品 再写一般疑问句等 1 A is the boy in blue B He s Mike 2 A pen is it B It s mine 3 A is the diary B It s under the chair 4 A is the Chirstmas Day B It s on the 25th of December 5 A are the earphones B They are 25 yuan 6 A is the cup B It s blue 7 A is it today B It s Sunday 8 A was it yesterday B It was the 13th of October 9 A this red one B It s beautiful 12 A is your cousin B He s 15 years old 13 A do you have dinner B At 6 o clock 综合练习综合练习 The children have a good time in the park 否定句 一般疑问句 1 There is only one problem 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定 否定回答 7 She has some bread for lunch today 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定 否定回答 句型转换题句型转换题 1 The girl is singing in the classroom 改为否定句 改为一般疑问句 5 I can speak English 改为一般疑问句 6 I am writing now 同上 7 I have a desk and a chair 用 He 做主语改写句子 8 She is buying some food in the supermarket 改为否定句 10 Does she like growing flowers 给予否定回答 课时三英语名词单数变复数的规则课时三英语名词单数变复数的规则 一 绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式 是在该词末尾加上后辍 s 读音变化 结尾是清辅音读 s 结尾是浊辅音或元音读 z 例 friend friends cat cats style styles sport sports piece pieces 二 凡是以 s z x ch sh 结尾的词 在该词末尾加上后辍 es 构成复数 读音变化 统一加读 iz 例 bus buses quiz quizzes fox foxes match matches flash flashes 三 以辅音字母 y 结尾的名词 将 y 改变为 i 再加 es 读音变化 加读 z 例 candy candies daisy daisies fairy fairies lady ladies story stories 四 以 o 结尾的名词 如果不是外来词或缩写 就加 es 否则加 s 构成复数 读音变化 加读 z 例 tomato tomatoes potato potatoes torpedo torpedoes bingo bingoes 反例 silo silos piano pianos 外来词 photo photos 五 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词 多为将 f 或 fe 改变为 ves 但有例外 读音变化 尾音 f 改读 vz 例 knife knives life lives leaf leaves staff staves scarf scarves 反例 roof roofs 六 部分单词的复数形式不变 读音变化 保持原音 例 fish fish sheep sheep cattle cattle deer deer 七 极少数单词 其复数形式没有任何规律 读音变化 没有规律 例 man men woman women child children person people ox oxen 八 一些单数词得改头换面一番 才能变成复数词 例 foot feet man men mouse mice tooth teeth woman women 九 有些名词是单数 复数不分的 例 deer fish cannon sheep salmon 鲑鱼 trout 鳟鱼 十 一些名词虽分单数 复数 但出现次数多的总是单数词 例 abscence clothing film help furniture 家具 machinery 机械 news scenery 风 景 sugar traffic 交通 十一 另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 例 bellows 风箱 clothes police shorts 短裤 scissors 剪刀 spectacles 眼镜 shears 大剪刀 trousers 长裤 wages 工资 十二 若表达具体数目 要借助数量词 例 pair 对 双 suit 套 a pair of glasses two pairs of trousers 十三 另外还有一些名词 其复数形式有时可表示特别意思 例 goods 货物 waters 水域 fishes 各种 鱼 十四 除人民币元 角 分外 美元 英镑 法郎等都有复数形式 例 a dollar two dollars a meter two meters 以 O 结尾的词 许多加 es 构成复数 特别是一些常用词如 heroes potatoes tomatoes echoes tornadoes torpedoes dominoes vetoes mosquitoes Ne groes mangoes buffaloes volcanoes 但下面几类词只加 s 1 以 元音 o 或 oo 结尾的词 如 videos radios studios zoos bamboos kangaroos 2 一些外来词 特别是音乐方面的词 如 pianos 3 一些缩写词和专有名词 如 kilos photos 写出下列名词复数写出下列名词复数 leaf puppy box knife fly fox bus bench brush kiss church dish ruler peach glass pencil boy zoo man roof sheep knife lady key story watch bamboo city family day apple eraser speech thief mouse fish goose people ox Chinese deer foot child tooth guy hero spy boss monkey city goat radio horse dog 用所给的单词的用所给的单词的复数复数的的正确形式填空 正确形式填空 1 There are so many wolf in the forest 2 There are three chair in the classroom 3 These tomato are red 4 hero are great 5 My brother looks after two baby 6 There are some deer eating the grass 7 My father likes to eat potato 8 Chinese people like to eat noodles 9 I have a lot of toy in my bedroom 10 I help my mother wash dish in the kitchen 11 I have two pencil box 12 There are some bus in the street 13 Peter has eight foot 14 Linda has three tooth 15 There are some child in the garden 16 Michael likes the mouse 17 There are some goose in the river 18 My uncle and father are man 19 Tom and King are boy 20 Linda has three tooth 选出正确形式选出正确形式 1 I can see three in the zoo A monkeys B monkeys C monkey 2 The pig has four A foot B feet C foots 3 My two brothers are both A policeman B policemans C policemen 4 There are four in the class A Japanese B Japaneses C Japan 5 I can see ten in the picture A sheep B dog C pig 6 The has three A boys watches B boy watch C boy watches 7 C an you see on the plate A bread B breads C breades 8 The girl often brushes her before she goes to bed A tooth B tooths C teeth 9 Mr Black often drink some A milk B milks C milkes 10 There are some on the floor A child B water C books 11 will learn English A Woman B Women C Man 12 Lucy will show us some new of hers A photo B photos C photoes 13 I drank two A bottles of orange B bottle of orange C bottles of oranges 14 The cat eats two last night A mouses B mice C mouse 15 I need a pen and some A books B desk C chair 16 Jim was late for two classes this morning He said that he forgot both of the A rooms number B Room number C Room s number D Room numbers 17 The newly built library is a building A five storey B five storeys C five storey s D five storeys 18 Whose umbrella is it It s A somebody else s B Somebody else C Somebody s else s D Somebody s else 19 I feel terribly hot What s the A temperature of room B Room s temperature C Room temperature D Temperature of room s 20 will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas A The Evens B The Evens C The Evenses D The Evenses 21 The girl talking to Mary is a friend of A Mary s sister B Mary sister s C Mary s sister s D sister of Mary s 22 The woman over there is mother A Julia and Shelley s B Julia s and Shelley s C Julia and Shelley D Julia s and Shelley 23 He is very tired He needs A a night rest B a rest night C a night s rest D a rest of night 24 Excuse me where are offices Over there A teacher s B teachers C the teacher s D the teachers 25 Today is September 10th It s Day Let s go and buy some flowers for our teachers A Teacher B Teachers C the Teachers D Teacher s 课时四课时四 现在进行时现在进行时 现在进行时用法 现在进行时用法 一般结构 一般结构 肯定句式 主语 be am is are 现在分词 其它 否定句式 主语 be am is are not 现在分词 其它 一般疑问句 Be am is are 主语 现在分词 其它 特殊疑问句 疑问词 be am is are 主语 现在分词 其它 对一般疑问句作答 肯定回答 yes 主语 be 否定回答 no 主语 be not 对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答 它不可以用 Yes 或 No 直接作答 要根据 实际情况回答 Eg They are working these days He is buying a bike They aren t working these days He isn t buying a bike Are they working these days Is he buying a bike What are they doing these days What is he doing 现在分词的变法有现在分词的变法有 1 一般在动词词尾加上 ing Jump jumping go going pushing pushing play playing 2 以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词 先去 e 再加 ing Take takeing leave leaving write writing have having 3 以重读闭音节结尾 末尾只有一个辅音字母的词 它前面是单个元音字母 时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写 再加上 ing Cut cutting put putting stop stopping fit fitting begin beginning forget forgetting 4 以 ie 结尾的词 将 ie 变为 y 再加 ing Lie lying 练习 练习 尽管现在进行时比较简单 但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误 常见的错 误有如下几种 自我检测 1 Look He their mother do the housework A is helping B are help C is help D is helpping 2 are the boys doing They are singing in the room A Who B How C What D Where 3 Don t talk here My mother A is sleeping B are sleeping C sleeping D sleep 4 Danny Don t call him A is writeing B is writing C writing D writes 5 When he back Sorry I don t know A does come B are coming C is come D is coming 6 It s ten o clock My mother lie in bed 7 What he mend 8 We play games now 9 What you do thesse days 10 he clean the classroom 11 Who sing in the next room 12 The girl like wearing a sweater Look She wear a red sweater today 二 常见方位介词短语 一 由介词 in 构成的方位介词短语 1 in the front 在前面 2 in the front row 在前排 3 in the back row 在后排 4 in the third row 在第三排 5 in front of 在 前面 范围之外 6 in the front of 在 前部 范围之内 7 in the middle 在中间 8 in the street 在街 上 9 in the middle of 在中间 10 in the tree 在树上 指飞鸟等外来物 二 由介词 at 构成的方位介词短语 1 at the front of 在 所在范围的前一部分 2 at the back of 在 所在范 围的后一部分 3 at the foot of 在 脚下 4 at the top of 在 顶部 5 at the end of 在 尽头 6 at the head of 在 前头 7 at the school gate 在 校 门口 8 at the station 在车站 9 at No 2 Chang an Road 在长安路 2 号 10 at my uncle s 在我叔叔家 11 at home 在家 12 at the doctor s 在医务室 在 诊所 三 由介词 on 构成的方位介词短语 1 on the right left 在右 左 边 2 on one s right left 在某人的右 左 边 3 on the desk table 在课桌 桌上 4 on the right hand left hand side 在右 左手边 5 on the blackboard 在黑板上 6 on in the wall 在墙上 里 7 on the paper 在纸上 8 on the tree 在树上 指树上长 的 结的东西 三 其它介词构成的方位介词短语 1 next to 靠近 贴近 2 beside the desk 在课桌旁 3 behind the door 在门后 4 under the bed 在床下 5 near the window 靠近窗户 6 outside the gate 在门 外 课时五课时五 祈祈 使使 句句 一 单项选择 1 Please they re having a meeting A not be so noisy B be quite C mustn t talk D no speaking 2 to meet me at the station I ll be waiting there A Not to forget B Not forget C Forget not D Don t forget 3 It s a fine day Let s go fishing A won t we B will you C don t we D shall we 4 Don t smoke in the meeting room A do you B will you C can you D could you 5 Don t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow I A don t B won t C can t D haven t 6 If you are tired a rest A have B having C to have D had 7 me go It is very important for me A Do let B Let do C Doing let D To do let 8 He is not honest believe him A Not B Don t C To not D Not to 9 up early tomorrow or you can t catch the train A Getting B Get C To get D Got 10 in the street It s dangerous A Not play B Not to play C Don t play D Don t to play 11 Please me some money will you A lend B lending C borrow D borrowing 12 The film is about to begin Please seated A be B are C is D being 13 down the radio The baby s asleep in the next room A Turning B To turn C Turned D Turn 14 Lucy the door or someone will come in A close B closes C not close D is closing 15 and play football in the street after lunch A Let s not to go B Let s not go C Let s don t go D Not let s go 16 A sign with the words is often found in a bus A Not parking B Not smoking C No parking D No smoking 17 Chinese in you English class A Not speak B Don t speak C Speak not D Don t speaking 18 the boxes You may use them later A Keep B Keeping C To keep D Kept 19 If you want to stay let me know A will you B shall we C do you D do we 20 Never come late again A will you B won t you C do you D does he 21 The TV is too loud Please A turn it down B to turn it down C turn down it D to turn down it 22 late again Bill A Don t to be B Don t be C Not be D Be not 23 cross the road until the traffic lights turns green A Not B Won t C Doesn t D Don t 24 Please help me carry it A will I B will you C shall I D shall we 25 Don t make so much noise A will you B won t you C shall we D do you 26 Do you know the girl under the tree A stand B to stand C standing D stood 27 Kate your homework here tomorrow A bring B b