九年级英语复习被动语态和动词不定式作主语的用法人教朗文版知识精讲

用心 爱心 专心 九年级九年级英语英语复习被动语态和动词不定式作主语的用法复习被动语态和动词不定式作主语的用法人教朗文版人教朗文版 同步教育信息同步教育信息 一 本周教学内容 复习被动语态和动词不定式作主语的用法 被动语态属于中考中应该掌握的内容 特别是一般现在时 一般过去时以及带有情态 动词的被动语态 英语动词有两种语态 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被 动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 结构 被动语态由助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词构成 在被动语态中也有各种时态 而时态的变化是由助动词 be 的变化来决定的 过去分词 不变 肯定句 主语 助动词 be 过去分词 by 否定句 主语 助动词 be not p p by 一般疑问句 Be 主语 过去分词 by 特殊疑问句 疑问词 be 主语 过去分词 by 以 teach 为例 肯定句 一般现在时 I am He She is We You They are taught 一般过去时 I was He She was We You They were taught 否定句 一般现在时 I am He She is We You They are not taught 一般过去时 I was He She was We You They were not taught 疑问句及简略回答 一般现在时 Am I Is he she Are we you they taught Yes I am No I am not Yes he she is 用心 爱心 专心 No he she isn t Yes we they are No we they aren t 一般过去时 Was I he she Were we you they taught Yes I he she was No I he she wasn t Yes we they were No we they weren t 情态动词 肯定句 I He She We You They must can may be taught 否定句 I He She We You They mustn t can t may not be taught 疑问句及简略回答 Must Can May I He She We you they be taught Yes I she he we you they must can may No I he she we you they mustn t can t may not 请同学们记住以下几点 被动语态的用法 A 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时 B 只需要强调动作的承受者时 e g This bridge is made of stone 这座桥是由石头建成的 The telephone is made in Guangdong 电话是在广东制造的 主动语态变成被动语态的方法 1 将原句中的主语变成宾语 2 谓语动词改为被动形式 be p p 3 原句的主语如果有必要存在 要放在 by的后面 没有必要存在就可以省略 用心 爱心 专心 e g Mr Smith teaches English 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态 English is taught by Mr Smith 主语 谓语 被动结构 主动语态变为被动语态的几种情况 1 原句有一个宾语 结构是 主语 谓语 宾语变被动的方法时就要按照例句 The workers built many houses Many houses were built by the workers 2 当原句中有两个宾语时 我们可以用两种方法 e g Sarah gave me a nice kite I was given a nice kite by Sarah A nice kite was given to me by Sarah 3 当原句中含有宾语补足语时 变成被动语态时 宾语补足语不变 e g The teacher told Mary to open the window Mary was told to open the window by the teacher The boss made them do the work quickly They were made to do the work quickly 注意 动词可以分为及物动词和不及物动词 及物动词才可以有被动语态 不及物动 词没有被动语态 而不及物动词加上副词或介词后 如果能相当于一个及物动词的作用 就可以有被动语态 e g Mrs King takes care of the books in the library The books are taken care of by Mrs King in the library 不是所有的主动句都可以变成被动语态的句子 A 当谓语动词是表示状态的动词时 如 leave reach enter have等等 e g David usually leaves home at eight every morning B 当宾语是反身代词时 e g The students enjoyed themselves in the party yesterday C 有些短语动词相当于不及物动词的作用时 没有被动语态 e g take place 发生 变化发生在某地或某时间 Great changes have taken place in Tianjin in the past ten years 在过去的十年中天津发生了巨大变化 请同学们将下列句子变成被动语态 1 We plant trees in spring 2 They sell a lot of things in the small shop 3 He drew a horse on the wall 4 The boys played football just now 5 You must put your bike over there 6 His son can use the computer now 7 Grandma may keep these books for two weeks 8 She needn t tie sticks to the big trees 9 The twins should took after their younger brother well 用心 爱心 专心 Key 1 Trees are planted by us in spring 2 A lot of things are sold in the small shop 3 A horse was drawn on the wall 4 Football was played by the boys just now 5 Your bike must be put over there 6 The computer can be used by his son now 7 These books may be kept by grandma for two weeks 8 Sticks needn t be tied to the big trees by her 9 Their younger brother should be tooked after well by the twins 根据要求变化句型 1 Rice is grown in Tibet 改为否定句 2 The room was cleaned by Tom 改为否定句 3 She was seen to go into the office 改为一般疑问句 4 The sports meeting must be put off till next month 改为一般疑问句 5 The meeting was held in the hall 画线部分提问 6 Your shirt must be washed 画线部分提问 7 He was operated on by a very good doctor 变成主动语态 8 The composition should be finished in two hours they 同上 9 That boy was told not to keep long hair the teacher 同上 10 The year is divided into four seasons we 同上 Key 1 Rice isn t grown in Tibet 2 The room wasn t cleaned by Tom 3 Was she seen to go into the office 4 Must the sports meeting be put off till next month 5 Where was the meeting hold 6 Whose shirt must be washed 7 A very good doctor operated on him 8 They should finish the composition in two hours 9 The teacher told the boy not to keep long hair 10 We divide the year into four seasons 选择填空 1 These flowers once a week A should waterB should watered C should be wateredD should are watered 2 the clothes of cotton A Do madeB Is made C Are madeD Was made 3 Do you know what time A the train leaves B is the train leave 用心 爱心 专心 C does the train leave D the train is left 4 When the PLA A were founded B was found C did founded D was founded 5 When she got to school she found that the gate A closedB was closed C openingD opend 6 It in 2001 A was happenB was happened C happenedD was taken place 7 The trousers are too long can shorter for me A it be made B you make them C you made it D be it made 8 Ben go out just now A is seen to B was saw to C was seen D was seen to 9 The cake delicious A is tasteB tastes C is tasted D was tasted 10 The child felt afraid because he alone A was leaveB was leaved C was leftD left Key 1 C2 C3 A4 D5 B 6 C7 A8 D9 B10 C 动词不定式 1 基本结构 to 动词原形 但有时可以不带 to to 的后面跟着名词 代词 名词词组等 叫做介词宾语 to 后面跟动词原形 叫做小 品词 2 作用 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式 在句子中不能做谓语 没有随着主语进行 人称 数 时态 语态等的变化 动词不定式保留动词的特点 有自己的宾语和状语 构 成不定式短语 所以 它在句子中可以作主语 表语 宾语 宾语补足语 定语和状语 A 主语 To learn English is important 学英语重要 B 表语 My job is to teach language 我的工作是教语言 C 宾语 The teacher wanted to see my parents 用心 爱心 专心 D 宾语补足语 He asked Edward to help him with the cooking E 定语 The students have many books to read F 状语 The headmaster came to Class 7 to have a class meeting with the students yesterday 不定式作主语 一般情况下句子都是以名词或者代词等作主语 e g Beijing is a modern city 名词作主语 北京是一所现代化城市 She is a nice girl 代词作主语 不定式有名词的作用 可以用来做主语 e g To see is to believe 眼见为实 To take more exercise every day is necessary 每天参加体育活动是有必要的 很多情况下 尤其在口语中 常常用 it 放在句首作形式主语 而将真正的主语不定式 放在句子后面 构成下面的句型 It is was adj n to do 形式主语真正的主语 e g To take more exercise every day is necessary It is necessary to take more exercise everyday 形式主语真正的主语 To finish so much homework is not easy It is not easy to finish so much homework 注意 It is was adj for sb to do sth It is was adj of sb to do sth 的区别 表示客观情况的形容词 如 easy hard difficult dangerous important necessary interesting等要用 for sb to do sth 表示主观情感或态度的形容词 如 kind good clever foolish wise honest nice 等要用 of sb to do sth e g It s very kind of you to help me It s foolish of you to make such a mistake It s difficult for him to learn physics It s dangerous for children to play in the street It is was for sb to do 没有句型转换 而 It is was of sb to do 句型可以用不定式作状语的句型转换 e g You are very kind to help me It s very kind of you to help me You are foolish to make such a mistake It s foolish of you to make such a mistake 请用 It is was of sb to do 改写句子 1 She is wise to learn from others 2 He was wrong to tell us a lie 3 The boy is right to help the old man 用心 爱心 专心 4 You are good to get everything ready Key 1 It s wise of her to learn from others 2 It was wrong of him to tell us a lie 3 It s right of the boy to help the old man 4 It s good of you to get everything ready 用 It is was to do 改写下列句子 1 To swim in that river is dangerous 2 To learn how to use a computer is important 3 To visit that factory is interesting 4 I get up early is a good habit Key 1 It s dangerous to swim in that river 2 It s important to learn how to use a computer 3 It s interesting to visit that factory 4 It s a good habit to get up early 完成句子 1 It was not right 像那样想 2 It will be easier 用这种方法解出题 3 It s wrong 在公共场合大声谈话 4 It s my duty 帮助学生 Key 1 to think like that 2 to work out the problem in this way 3 to talk loudly in public 4 to help the students 用 It take sb to do 翻译句子 1 他用了两年写那本书 2 工人们要花一年修建这条路 3 每天我骑车上班要用半小时 4 我们花了二十分钟画了这幅图画 Key 1 It took him two years to write that book 2 It will take the workers a year to build the road 3 It takes me half an hour to go to work by bike 4 It took us twenty minutes to draw this picture 模拟试题模拟试题 I 单项选择 1 is good for health A SkateB To skate C SkateingD To skateing 2 It s time A to go to bed B for going to bed 用心 爱心 专心 C for the bed D for I to go to bed 3 It s not good to play all day A to your B for you C of you D for your 4 I m afraid take a long time the project A it ll us to finish B we ll to finish C we ll finishing D it will us finishing 5 Is necessary the book tomorrow A that for me to return B it of me to return C this for me returning D it for me to return 6 How long did it take you to get there Oh hour and a half It s quite a long time A aB an C the D 7 What s the matter with you something wrong with my leg A There isB There are C I amD I have 8 Where is the small coffee shop You have to go the bridge It s on the other side A pastB over C through D across 9 How do you play football Twice a month A longB old C oftenD soon 10 Can you help me mend the TV set Sorry I know about TV sets A a littleB little C a fewD few 11 Will you go to have a picnic in the park tomorrow Yes it is fine A ifB thoughC becauseD when 12 What did the policeman say a moment ago He asked where last night A am I B I amC was I D I was 13 You look than yesterday I took some medicine and had a good sleep last night A goodB wellC betterD best 14 May I play basketball now You d because dinner is ready A not betterB better not C not better toD better not to 15 When the building In 1990 A did buildB was building C has builtD was built 用心 爱心 专心 II 根据句意用方框内所给词组的适当形式填空 swim feel a little a few either or too to hold on enjoy oneself not hear from come back be able to hear of 1 I can speak English 2 We are very tired Let s stop 3 She will give it to me as soon as she 4 you come in a few days 5 I m not well Perhaps I have caught a cold 6 They were too big too small 7 Why didn t the men 8 Jim his mother for a long time 9 for a moment please 10 This problem is hard for me work it out III 补全对话 Doctor 1 Madam Madam I ve got a pain here Doctor 2 Do you have pain here Madam Yes it s very serious Doctor I m afraid 3 Madam Really It must be quite serious Doctor Don t worry 4 Madam Operation Do I need an operation Doctor Yes Madam But my son He is only ten 5 Doctor But your health is very important isn t it You can ask your husband to look after him Madam I agree with you I m coming tomorrow IV 根据中文提示完成句子 1 父亲告诉我们这台电脑花了他八千元 My father told us 2 很久以前 这里有一条河 there was a river near here 3 在他十六岁时 就上大学了 他很聪明 he went to college He was very clever 4 请把收音机关小一点 我正在做作业 I m doing my homework 5 它看上去很好 是由什么制造的 It looks very nice 6 在电脑的帮助下 我们很容易就完成这项工作了 we can finish the work easily 用心 爱心 专心 V 书面表达 根据提示 写一篇 50 词以上的短文 许多国家已经发射了环绕地球运行的人造卫星 而且中国的宇航员已经进入太空 你 是否也想当一名宇航员呢 请谈谈自己的打算 man made satellite astronaut be proud of hope that though VI 完形填空 Buildings that reach the skies may be seen in most of the world s largest cities today Ever since the first skyscraper was built in Chicago in 1883 more and more tall buildings 1 up in mord and more cities Early skyscrapers were built with thick heavy walls of solid brick or stone or concrete 混凝 土 Now the new skyscrapers are being built with a steel frame work 构架 that 2 the weight of the building This takes the 3 of the old solid walls and makes 4 possible to build to greater heights The idea came mostly from engineers 5 to see a sky scraper frame work as a kind of steel bridge set on end Like the 6 too it would be light but strong and could be extended 7 necessary 8 at first to house offices and shops some skyscrapers are now becoming homes for people who want to live 9 the center of the city Big John a Chicago skyscraper that opened in 1970 is an example Big John is the popular name of the 100 story John Hancock Center 10 the first and the 43rd floor there are offices and shops There s a swimming pool on the 44th floor From the 45th floor to the 92th there are apartments The people who live in these apartments 11 look down on the clouds instead of 12 at them Every window has a beautiful view Many people seem 13 14 above the city away from the traffic and the noise Perhaps Big John will soon be followed by other homes 15 for the skies 1 A putB are putC to have been putD have been put 2 A supportsB is supportedC holds onD is held 3 A materialB thingC seatD place 4 A thisB thatC itD them 5 A to be ableB in orderC who were ableD that could be 6 A steelB frameworkC skyscraperD bridge 7 A whetherB ifC thatD which 8 A BuildingB Built C Being builtD Having built 9 A in B toC at D on 10 A OnB InC BetweenD At 11 A shouldB canC mayD must 12 A leftB rightC downD up 13 A like to liveB like livingC to like to liveD to like living 14 A lowB lowlyC highD highly 15 A that reachB who reachesC reaching toD which reaches up VII 阅读理解 Most people want to work but it has become more difficult in today s world to find work for 用心 爱心 专心 everyone The economy of the world needs to grow by 4 each year just to keep the old number of jobs for people Often this isn t possible and so more people are without work Some people have no jobs now because new machines can do the work of many people in a short time Also machines don t ask for more money or longer holidays In all of the countries of the world machines are taking work from people not only in factories but also on the farms One machine can often do the work of forty people About 75 000 people are moving to the cities a day to look for jobs but only 60 of them can find jobs 1 It was for people to find work before the machines were widely used in the factories A more difficultB easier C not possibleD difficult 2 If the economy of the world grows 4 each year A people will have no jobs B 4 of the people will have jobs too C people can have the same number of jobs as before D 96 of the people will have jobs 3 One machine can do as much work as A 40 peopleB 75 000 peop