名词性从句讲解

1 英语语法英语语法 名词性从句讲解名词性从句讲解 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 Noun Clauses 名词从句的功能相当于名词词 组 它在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语 介词宾语等 因此根据它在句中不 同的语法功能 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 一 引导名词性从句的连接一 引导名词性从句的连接 1 连接代词 who whose whom what which 有词义 在从句中担任成分 2 连接副词 when where why how 有词义 在从句中担任成分 作状语 3 连接词 that whether if as if 在从句中不担任成分 有时可省略 二二 具体分类具体分类 1 主语从句 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句 1 That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all 2 Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown 3 Who will be our monitor hasn t been decided yet 4 Whom we must study for is a question of great importance 5 What caused the accident remains unknown 6 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced 英语晚会将在哪里举行 还没有宣布 7 Whatever you did is right 8 Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown 9 What we need is time 10 What we need are good doctors 11 What he wants to tell us is not clear 他要跟我们说什么 还不清楚 12 It is known to us how he became a writer 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的 再观察下例句子 找出主语从句 再观察下例句子 找出主语从句 1 It is certain that he will win the match 2 It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry 3 It is very likely that they will hold a meeting 4 It is strange that he should do that 5 It is important that we all should attend the meeting 6 It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas 7 It is a pity that we won t be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation 8 It is still a mystery what caused the accident 9 It is said that he has gone to shanghai He is said to have gone to shanghai 10 It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese 11 It is suggested that the work should be done with great care 12 It happened that the two cheats were there The two cheats happened to be there 有时为避免句子头重脚轻 常用形式主语 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首 而把主语 从句置于句末 主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式 常用句型如下 1 2 3 主语从句通常用 should V 原形 1 It be n that 从句 It is a pity a shame no wonder etc that It is a fact that 2 It be adj that 从句 It is necessary important natural strange etc that 3 It be V pp 动词的过去分词 that 从句 2 It is suggested requested proposed desired etc that It is known to us all that It is reported believed considered that It has been proved that 已证实 4 It Vi that 从句 It happened to sb that 某人 碰巧 It occurred to sb that 某人突然想起 It matters that 重要的是 It doesn t matter how whether 怎么样 是否 没有什么关系 It seems that 好像 It turned out that 练练 习习 1 Watch out smoking here shall be fined at once caught 当心 无论抓到谁在此吸烟都会立刻罚款 2 the open ceremony gave the students much encouragement attend 校长亲自参加开幕式 这给学生带来了极大的鼓舞 3 college students should learn more about Chinese history it 我认为大学生了解更多历史很重要 4 is clear to us land 我们很清楚是谁第一个登上月球的 5 there was a short cut to the history museum occur 我突然想起去历史博物馆有条近路 6 It is announce that in the examination will be graded zero catch 已宣布任何被抓到在考试中作弊的学生都得零分 7 is the salary and the chance to travel attract 吸引我做这份工作的是其薪水和有去旅游的机会 8 It matters little how a man dies is how he lives matter 一个人是如何死的这不重要 重要的是他是怎样生活的 9 doesn t make much difference if he wants to apply for this job abroad 如果他想申请这份工作 他是否出国并没有太大的影响 10 in the game worried his coach make 那个运动员在比赛中可能会犯错 这让他的教练很着急 2 宾语从句 宾语从句 作句子宾语的从句叫宾语从句 1 He told me that he would go to college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学 2 I don t know if there will be a bus any more 我不知道是否还会有公交车 3 Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam 没有人知道他是否会通过考试 4 Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time 那时老师们在问我是否我曾经去 过那里 5 Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么 6 The book will show you what the best CEO should know 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么 7 Have you determined whichever you should buy a Motorola or Nokia call phone 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 8 Can you tell me if there any shop here 你能告诉我这里有商店吗 3 9 He didn t tell me when we should meet again 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面 10 Could you please tell me how you use the new panel 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 11 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到 1 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有 that if whether 和疑问词 what how where when that 引 导表示陈述句的宾语从句 if 和 whether whether or not 引导表示 是否 的一般疑问句的宾语从句 二 关联代词 连接代词主要有 who whom whose what whoever whomever whosever whatever whichever 等 连接代词一般指疑问 但 what whatever 除了指疑问外 也可以指陈述 3 关联副词 连接副词主要有 when where why how whenever wherever however 等 动词的宾语从句动词的宾语从句 大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句 如 We all expect that they will win for members of their team are stronger 我们都预料他们会赢 因为他们的队员更强壮 He told us that they would help us through the whole work 他告诉我们在整个工作中 他们都会帮忙的 部分 动词 副词 结构也可以带宾语从句 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了 Can you work out that how much we will spend during the trip你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗 动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有 Make sure 确保 make up one s mind 下决心 keep in mind 牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in 当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误 可运用形式宾语可运用形式宾语 it 代替的宾语从句代替的宾语从句 动词 find feel consider make believe think 等后面有宾语补足语的时候 则需要用 it 做形式 宾语而将 that 宾语从句后置 I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day 我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的 I feel it a pity that I haven t been to the get together 我没去聚会 感觉非常遗憾 I have made it a rule that I keep diaries 我每天写日记成了习惯 We all find it important that we should make a quick decision about this matter 我们都认为对这件事马上 做出决定很重要 有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加 it 双宾语 双宾语 这类动词主要有 hate like appreciate I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话 I would appreciate it if you are willing to help me 如果你愿意帮我 我将不胜感激 若宾语从句是 wh 类 则不可用 it 代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的 介词的宾语从句介词的宾语从句 用whether之类的介词宾语从句 4 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部 The new book is about how Shenzhou six manned spaceship was sent up into space 这本新书是关于神州 6 号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的 用that if引导的介词宾语从句 有时候except but besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company 对于我的新邻居我只 知道他曾在一家公司上班 其他一无所知 形容词的宾语从句形容词的宾语从句 有些形容词具有动词的含义 所以也可以带一个宾语从句 例如 I am sorry I am late I am glad that you can join us Are you sure his answer is right 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有 sure certain glad please happy sorry afraid satisfied surprised I am sure I will pass the exam 我确信我会通过考试 I am sorry that I have troubled you so long 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你 He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill 他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他 注意事项 注意事项 1 在句中可以作谓语动词 介词 非谓语动词 宾语 注意 在 demand order suggest decide insist desire request command 等表示要求 命令 建议 决定等意义的动词后 宾语从句常用 should 动词原形 例如 I insist that she should do her work alone 我坚持要她自己工作 The commander ordered that troops should set off at once 司令员命令部队马上出发 2 用 who whom which whose what when where why how whoever whatever whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句 应注意句子语序要用陈述语序 I want to know what he has told you 我想知道他告诉了你什么 She always thinks of how she can work well 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好 She will give whoever needs help a warm support 凡需要帮助的人 她都会给予热情的支持 3 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应 当主句动词是现在时 从句根据自身的句子情况 而 使用不同时态 例如 He says that he studies English every day 从句用一般现在时 He says that he studied English last term 从句用一般过去时 I know that he will study English next year 从句用一般将来时 I know that He has studied English since 1998 从句用现在完成时 当主句动词是过去时态 could would 除外 从句则要用相应的过去时态 如一般过 去时 过去进行时 过去将来时等 当从句表示的是客观真理 科学原理 自然现象 则 从句仍用现在时态 例如 The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east 4 think believe imagine suppose 等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中 要把上述主句中 的动词变为否定式 即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中 例如 We don t think you are here 我们认为你不在这 5 I don t believe he will do so 我相信他不会这样做 5 动词后有两个宾从 第一个宾从的 that 可以省略 第二个不能省 3 表语从句 表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句 表语从句位于连系动词后 有时用 as if 引导 其基本结构为 主语 系动词 that 从句 例如 The problem is how we can get the things we need 问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西 how 在表语从句中充当方式状语 The scissors are not what I need 这把剪刀不是我所需要的 what 在表语从句中充当宾语 What I told him was that I would find him a good play 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本 what 在主语从句中作直接宾语 that 作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分 但不能省略 That is what I want to tell you 那就是我想要对你讲的 what 在表语从句中充当直接宾语 That is why she failed to pass the exam 那就是她考试不及格的原因 why 在表语从句中充当原因状语 The fact is that we have lost the game 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛 That s just what I want 这正是我想要的 It looks as if it is going to rain 看上去天要下雨了 He did not see the film last night That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework 昨天晚上他没有去看电影 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业 第一句话说明结果 第二句话说明原因 He had seen the film before That is why he did not see it last night 他以前曾看过那部电影 因此他昨天晚上没有去看 第一句话说明原因 第二句话说明结果 需要注意的 当主语是 reason 时 表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because 例如 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4 同位语从句同位语从句 什么叫同位语什么叫同位语 1 名词作同位语 Mr Wang my child s teacher will be visiting us on Tuesday 王先生 我孩子的老师 星期二要来看我们 2 短语作同位语 I the oldest girl in the family always had to care for the other children 我 作为家里最大的女孩 总是要照料家中的其他孩子 3 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds Did she die young because she was a clone 但 是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题 多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗 4 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes 巨大的海轮可以开 到五大湖 让表姐妹俩感到吃惊 同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容 同位语从句通常由 that 引导 可用于同位语从 句的名词有 advice demand doubt fact hope idea information message news order problem promise question request suggestion truth wish word 等 例如 6 The news that we won the game is exciting 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动 I have no idea when he will come back home 我不知道他什么时候回来 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill 他想到可能玛丽生病了 The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong 你认为不动脑筋就能做 好这件工作的想法是错误的 在某些名词 如在某些名词 如 demand wish suggestion resolution 等 后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气等 后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team 有一项建议是布朗应该离队 有一项建议是布朗应该离队 连词连词 whether 引导引导 注 注 if 不能引导同位语从句 不能引导同位语从句 The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor 我们我们 是否请专家由家庭医生来定 是否请专家由家庭医生来定 注意 whether 可引导同位语从句 但 if 不能引导同位语从句 3 其它引导词引导 连接代词 what who whom whose 引导同位语从句 1 I have no idea what size shoes she wears 我不知道她穿几号的鞋 what 作定语 同位语 从句 同位语从句 2 The question who will take his place is still not clear who 作主语 4 连接副词引导 连接副词 when where how why We haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation 到哪儿去 度暑假 这个问题我们还没有决定 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 that 作为关系代词 可以引导定语从句 充当句子成分 在从句中作宾语时可以省略 that 引导同位语从句时 起连词的作用 没有实际意义 不充当句子成分 一般不能省略 试比较下面两个例句 I had no idea that you were here that 引导同位语从句 不能省略 Have you got the idea that this book tells you people s life in ancient Greece that 引导定语从句 作宾语 可以省略 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing 定从 I have no idea when she will be back 同位语从句 在 句中 加粗部分是 when 引导的定语从句 其先行词 day 是表示时间的名词 在 句中 加粗部分是 when 引导的同位语从句 其先行词 idea 则不是表示时间的名 词 先行词 定语从句的先行词是名词或代词 而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词 而且仅限于 idea plan fact theory promise hope news doubt truth information suggestion q uestion thought belief conclusion 等少数名词 例如 The boy who is playing football is my classmate Those who work hard will succeed The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody 7 The fact that you are talking about is important 名词性从句注意要点 名词性从句注意要点 一 引导词一 引导词 what 与与 that 的用法区别 的用法区别 引导从句时 what 要充当主语 宾语 或表语等成分 that 不作任何成分 只在语法上起 连接的作用 比如 What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present That he said nothing at the meeting surprised everybody present we can t get seems better than we have A What what B What that C That that D That what caused the accident is still a complete mystery A What B That C How D Where 二 引导词二 引导词 whether 与与 if 的用法区别 的用法区别 主从主从 表从表从 同从同从 whetherwhether 介词介词 whether whether whetherwhether toto dodo whetherwhether oror notnot 动词后的宾从动词后的宾从 whether ifwhether if Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题 The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test Everything depends on whether we have enough money 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱 I wonder whether he will come or not 我想知道他来还是不来 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay 你能否告诉我是去还是留 you don t like him is none of my business A What B Who C That D Whether 三 名词性从句的语序 三 名词性从句的语序 与别的从句一样 名词性从句必须用陈述的语序 即使在疑问句中 从句也不倒装 You can t imagine when then received these nice Christmas presents A how they were excited b how excited they were C how excited were they D they were how excited 四 形式主语和宾语 四 形式主语和宾语 当主语从句比较长 而谓语比较短时 常常将从句后置 而用 it 作为形式主语 置于句 首 形式宾语也一样 is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language A There B This C That D It 五 五 Who whoever what whatever 等的用法区别 等的用法区别 一般说来 Who what 等含有特指的含义 而 whoever whatever 等含泛指的意义 意为 无 论谁 无论什么 另外 以 ever 结尾的词引导的名词性从句相当于带有定语从句的名词 词组 whoever anyone who whatever anything that whichever any that 8 例如 Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the light Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the light Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize Any one of you comes in first will receive a prize You can just say whatever comes to your mind You can just say anything that comes to your mind It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants A however B whatever C whichever D whenever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever 六六 Where when why 等连接副词引导的名词性从句等连接副词引导的名词性从句 这些词引导的名词性从句 使用的关键是 这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week Is that you had a few days off A why B when C that D where 七 七 介词介词 who m 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 与介词与介词 whom 引导的定语从句的区别 引导的定语从句的区别 介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格 决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语 9 It was a matter of would take the position A who B whoever C whom D whomever 比较 Our country has thousands of excellent scientists most of whom have received higher education at home 八 名词性从句有插入成分时 八 名词性从句有插入成分时 此时注意两点 一是从句仍然不倒装 而在插入的成分上倒装 二是要注意主语的主格和 宾格的选择 10 you have seen both fighters will win A Since do you think who B As who you think C When whoever D Since who do you think 九 引导词九 引导词 that 的省略 的省略 引导宾语从句时 通常可以省略 that 但引导主语 表语和同位语从句时 that 一般不能省 如有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句时 只可省略第一个 that 其它的 that 不可省 十 十 名词性从句中的虚拟语气的使用 名词性从句中的虚拟语气的使用 表示 建议 要求或命令 等词义出现时 不管是在哪一种从句中 常用虚拟语气 从句 中的谓语用 should 动词原形 其中 should 可省略 常用词有 insist suggest demand require request order command 等 例如 He suggested that a meeting should be held immediately It was suggested that a meeting should be held immediately His suggestion was that a meeting should be held immediately He made a suggestion that a meeting should be held immediately 9 I Multiple choice 1 It doesn t matter I rest or not A whether B if C that D when 2 there are no living things on the moon is known to us A How B Why C Whether D That 3 picks up the wallet and hands it in will be praised by the teacher A Whoever B Who C That who D Who that 4 Everyone agrees to his suggestion a bridge built across the river A that will be B which would be C as should be D that be 5 The news to Mount Tai during the summer holidays delighted all of us A we would go B which we would go C that we would go D would go 6 team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships A No matter what B No matter which C Whatever D whichever 7 He didn t come yesterday That is he was ill A because B why C how D when 8 When and where we ll hold the meeting not decided yet A has B is C have D are 9 Asia is connected with Europe A It is known to all B It knows to all where C That is known to all that D It is known to all that 10 Someone is ringing the doorbell Go and see A who is he B who he is C who is it D who it is 11 We cannot figure out quite a number of insects birds and animals are dying out A that B as C why D when 12 made the school proud was more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities A What because B What that C That what D That because 13 I want to know is it is worth doing A What that B What whether C That why D That what 14 visits the Great Wall will be struck by it A Anyone B Each C Whoever D Everybody 15 the workers insisted on was that they more pay A That must be given B What should give C Whether would be given D What be given 16 Writing stories and articles I enjoy most A is that B are that C is what D have been what 17 He asked the tailor A how long would the coat be ready B how soon would the coat be ready C how long the coat would be ready D how soon the coat would be ready 18 you did No as a matter of fact I didn t need to 10 A Is that what B Is what that C What is that D Is that which 19 She is pleased wit