七年级英语 词汇归纳 沈阳牛津版

1 初一英语词汇归纳一沈阳牛津版初一英语词汇归纳一沈阳牛津版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 一 教学内容 词汇归纳一 二二 具体过程 具体过程 一 名词 一 名词 1 可数名词 Countable Noun 1 1 规则名词的复数形式 如 map maps box boxes story stories 1 2 不规则名词的复数形式 1 以 o 结尾的名词多数加 es 构成复数 hero heroes 英雄 cargo cargoes 货物 potato potatoes 土豆 tomato tomatoes 西红柿 某些外来词以 o 结尾 但只加 s auto autos 汽车 piano pianos 钢琴 photo photos 照片 kilo kilos 公里 以 oo 或元音字母加 o 结尾的词也只加 s zoo zoos 动物园 radio radios 收音机 bamboo bamboos 竹子 studio studios 照 相馆 2 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词 多数变 f 为 v 再加 es thief thieves 小偷 knife knives 刀 wife wives 妻子 life lives 生命 shelf shelves 架子 half halves 半 但有些只加 s belief beliefs 信念 roof roofs 屋顶 3 常见特殊复数形式 child children 孩子foot feet 脚 英尺goose geese 鹅ox oxen 牛 tooth teeth 牙齿 mouse mice 老鼠 basis bases 基础 medium media 媒介man men 男人 woman women 女人 chairman chairmen 主席 datum data 数据 4 常见的单复数形式相同的名词 sheep 绵羊deer 鹿 fish 鱼 fruit 水果 yuan 元 shark 鲨鱼 Chinese 中国人 Swiss 瑞士人 5 常见的只能用复数形式的名词 works 工厂 species 种类 crossroads 十字路口 means 手段 goods 货物 clothes 衣服 shoes 鞋 thanks 感谢 surroundings 环境politics 政治学 physics 物理学 glasses 眼镜 outskirts 郊区 wages 工资 另外一些集合名词如 cattle mankind police people staff 等总是用作复数 2 不可数名词 2 1 单位词修饰不可数名词 a piece of bread 一片面包 a bag of sand 一袋沙 a bottle of beer 一瓶啤酒 a game of chess 一盘棋 2 2 度量词修饰不可数名词 a kilo of rice 一千克大米 a meter of string 一米的带子 2 2 3 常见不可数名词 advice 忠告 bread 面包 chalk 粉笔 furniture 家具 meat 肉 damage 损失 progress 进步 paper 纸 news 新闻 rice 大米 money 钱 grass 草 luggage 行李 knowledge 知识 sugar 糖 work 工作 food 食物 information 信息 equipment 设备 baggage 行李 3 名词的所有格 1 名词 s Mary s book 2 名词 s 复数 the workers library 特殊的如 the children s palace 少年宫 Women s Day 妇女节 3 如某物为两人所共有 只需在两个名词后加 s Mary and Jane s car 共有 否则为 Mary s and Jane s cars 各自 4 双重所有格 a friend of my father s mine 我 父亲 的一位朋友 部分概念 a photo of Tom s 汤姆所拥有的一张照片 但照片上的未必是他本人 名词和数词组成复合结构 一个为期三周的假期 a three week holiday a three weeks holiday a holiday of three weeks Dr Jones has a five year old daughter 二 冠词 二 冠词 1 不定冠词 a an 表泛指 用于单数可数名词前 表示任何一个 类 1 1 以辅音音素开头的名词或词组前用 a 以元音音素开头的名词或词组前用 an a university a European a book an umbrella an hour an error 不可数名词用作可数名词时 可用 a an 如 She was inspired with a new courage 1 2 常见使用不定冠词的固定搭配 have a cold 患感冒as a result 因此 结果as a rule 通常 have a good time 过得快乐have a word with 与 谈话 have a rest 休息一会 in a hurry 匆忙地 in a word 总之once in a while 偶尔 take a walk 散步 come to an end 结束 all of a sudden 突然 make a living 谋生 make a fire 生火 make a fortune 发财 a couple of 一对 a great deal of 大量的 a lot of 许多 2 定冠词 the 表特指 意为这 些 那 些 1 第二次提到 或双方都已知道的人或事物 There is some water in the cup The water is hot Close the door please 已知 2 单数可数名词前 表示种类 The telephone was invented by Bell The early bird catches the worms 捷足先登 3 世界上独一无二的事物 以及表示江河 海洋 山脉等的地理名称 the earth the Bible 圣经 the Universe 宇宙 the Yangtze River 长江 the sun the Lord 上帝 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠 4 限定意味较强的定语 the book you bought yesterday the history of China 5 用于具有鉴别意义的普通名词前 如 the planet Mercury 水星 the play King Lear 剧本 李尔王 6 其他用法 西洋乐器前 表示演奏某种乐器 play the violin piano 3 某些形容词前 使其名词化 表示这一类人或事物 the poor the true 姓氏的复数形式和民族名称前 表示全家和整个民族 the Turners the Chinese 逢十的年份前 表示几十年代 in the 1980s 形容词最高级和序数词前 the biggest the second 某些计量单位的名词前 Apples are sold by the pound 7 常见使用定冠词的固定搭配 by the way 顺便说一句 in the future 未来 in the morning 在上午 in the end 最终 in the meanwhile 同时 in the sun 在阳光下 on the average 平均 on the alert 警惕 on the contrary 相反 on the right 在右边 on the increase 增长 on the spot 当场 play the fool 做傻事 keep the house 居家不外出 in the dark 在暗处 at the cost of 以 为代价 3 零冠词 1 不可数名词表示泛指时 Without water man cannot live 2 复数可数名词表示泛指时 Teachers generally like diligent students 3 专有名词前一般用零冠词 China Asia Beijing University Hyde Park 海德公园 4 其他用法 季节名称前 Summer is coming 法定节日前 National Day New Year s Day 球类运动和棋类游戏前 play football play chess bridge 下棋 打桥牌 餐名前 When will lunch be ready 5 零冠词固定短语 at first at desk table 在办公 吃饭 at last on purpose 故意 on foot 徒步 in debt 负债 in trouble 陷入困境 at night at sea 在海上 at home by accident 偶然 in bed 卧床by chance 碰巧 in order of 以 的次序 go to school go to bed in common 相同 in detail 详细地 in hospital 住院 in after class take place 发生 in return 作为回敬 in sight of 看见 on fire 在燃烧 make friends with keep in mind 记在心里 三 代词 三 代词 1 人称代词 一二三一二三 主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey 宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem 1 1 排序一般为 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 you he and I you John and I 1 2 it 的用法 指代事物 动物 婴儿以及未知的人或事 Who is that It s my friend 用于引出非人称句 表示天气 时间或距离等 It s cloudy today 形式代词 It is quite right that you did that 引导强调句 It was his father that made him a lawyer 2 物主代词 一二三一二三 主格myyourhisheritsouryourtheir 宾格mineyourshishersittoursyourstheirs 2 1 形容词性物主代词属限定词范围 注意避免人称和数的误用 4 2 2 名词性物主代词可作主语 宾语和表语 Ours is a socialist country This dictionary is mine a friend of mine no fault of yours 3 反身代词 一二三一二三 myselfyourselfhijselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves Take care of yourself He was teaching himself English The man in the photo is myself She herself was a doctor 4 指示代词 this that these those 4 1 关于 that 的固定用法 1 Jack helped finish my work and that was kind of him 杰克帮助我完成了任务 他 那样做 真是太好了 2 He told me only part of the story and that was that 他只跟我讲了这个故事的一部 分 就那些 4 2 关于 that 和 those 1 It s a different kind of car from that kind of car which I m used to 这种汽车和我 所习惯的那种不同 2 The president and his wife were among those who were present at the ceremony 总统和他的夫人出席了那个典礼 5 相互代词 each other 两者 和 one another 两者以上 1 The two parties the Democratic Party and the Republic Party often attack each other 2 The boys in this class like to bully one another 这个班上的男孩子喜欢互相打斗 6 不定代词 6 1 all 和 both 1 前者表示两个以上 后者表示两个 2 都位于行为动词之前 be 动词后 They all both agreed with me They are all both quite wealthy 6 2 no one 和 none no one 只用于指人 none 可指人也可指物 none of 后接的谓语可用复数也可用单数 No one told us that he was there I want some milk but there was none in the house How many elephants did you see at the zoo None None of them have has arrived yet None of this money is mine 7 some any no every thing one body 7 1 everyone 和 every one 前者意思为 每个人 与 everybody 同义 用于泛指 不可跟 of 短语 后者意思是每个人或物 用于特指 可跟 of 短语 everyone in the village 村子里所有的人 泛指 every one of the children 这些孩子中的 每一个 特指 7 2 anybody everybody 和 every each 单数名词 正式英语 Anybody can do it if he or she tries 日常英语 if they try Everybody started waving his flag 5 Everybody has arrived hasn t he Everything is all right isn s it 7 3 something anything nothing 等被形容词修饰时 该形容词后置 nothing wrong 8 否定 1 部分否定 当 all both each 和 every body thing 等表示整体意义的代词与否定 词连用时 一般只表示部分否定 All of the students did not turn up 不是所有的学生都出席 现代英语常用作 Not all of the students turned up 2 全部否定 none no one neither nobody nothing 等对整体意义具有否定作用的代 词或副词 None of the students turned up 没有一个学生出席 9 其他限定词 1 常见修饰可数名词的限定词 a few a couple of both many many a a great many several a number of 2 常见修饰不可数名词的限定词 a little much a large amount of a great deal of a bit of 3 some any no any 非肯定句 否定 疑问 条件句 no 否定句 some 肯定句和含有肯定意味的场合 特殊的如 Can I have some coffee 请求或希望得到肯定的回答时 Some idiot parked his car outside my garage 表示某一个 a certain 4 many much many 接可数名词复数 much 接不可数名词 在肯定句中常和 so 或 too 连用 I have met so many people who share your view So Much time has been wasted many a 单数可数名词相当于 many 复数名词 She has been to Beijing many a time many times Many an accident has happened here 5 each every each 用作名词或形容词 every 用作形容词 后面必须跟名词 我们中的每个人 应为 every one of us 或 each of us 6 both either both 为两者都 后接复数动词 either 为两者中任何一个 接单数动词 两者的否 定形式为 neither Truth may lie on both sides on either side or on neither side 7 either any either 为两者中的任何一个 any 为两者以上中的任何一个 Come on Tuesday or Wednesday Either day is OK You will find me at my desk at any hour of the day either 后接 end side 等词有时可指两个都 There are trees on either side of the street both sides 8 neither none 表示两者都不 用 neither 表示两者以上都不 用 none of 6 neither 接单数可数名词 none of 接复数名词 Neither book is mine None of the books on the shelves belong to me 用复数动词 强调 都不是 Of all the books on the shelves none belongs to me 用单数动词 强调 没有一本是 9 all whole 区别 all 可接复数可数名词或不可数名词 whole 一般接单数可数名词 语序 all 用于冠词 所有格或其他限定词之前 whole 只用于冠词等限定词的后面 He ate all the vegetables He ate the whole pie The whole book is interesting All the chapters are interesting 10 another other This book is too difficult Show me another one Of the three books on the desk two are written by Dickens the other one is written by Mark Twain other 前面可带 some any every many one his 等其他限定词 Will you come some other time 改日 Please write on every other line 隔行 the rest of the money 不可数名词 the rest of the workers 可数名词 11 a number of the number of 前者为 许多 后接复数名词 谓语用复数 后者为 的总数 谓语用单数 A number of comrades were absent from the meeting The number of comrades absent from the meeting was surprising 12 few a few 修饰可数名词 few 表否定 a few 表数量不大 表肯定 quite a few 表相当多 为肯定 only a few 表否定 同 few 13 little a little 修饰不可数名词 用法同上 模拟试题模拟试题 答题时间 45 分钟 一 单项填空 名词 1 There are some on the hill A sheepsB a sheep C sheepD sheepes 2 Mr Black often gives us by Email A some good information B some good in for mations C good in for mations D a good information 3 There are some new books in the school library They are books A child B childrens C children D children s 4 I have worn out my shoes so I want to buy a new A pair B one C ones D trousers 5 Meimei s handwriting is better than any other in her class 7 A students B students C student s D students 6 The hospital is a bit far from here It s about A forty minutes s walk B forty minute s walk C forty minutes walk D forty minutes walk 7 How many are there in your class A Japanese B American C Australian D Canadian 8 I found my black cat in room A Jim and MikeB Jim and Mike s C Jim s and Mike sD Jim s and Mike 9 How much are the A bread B meats C potatos D tomatoes 10 There are many in our school A woman teachers B woman s teachers C women teachers D women s teachers 11 Three months a long time for me A is B areC have D has 12 There are and on the table A two boxes cake four bottle of oranges B two boxes cake four bottle of orange C two boxes of cakes four bottles of orange D two box of cakes four bottles of oranges 二 单项填空 冠词 1 Han Meimei is Chinese girl Lucy is English girl A a a B an an C a an D an a 2 A little boy wrote U and n on the wall A a an B an a C an an D a a 3 old lady in brown is university professor A An a B An C The an D The a 4 There are sixty minutes in hour A an B the C a D 5 This is interesting book and it is also useful one A an an B an the C an a D a a 6 A computer is useful tool in world today A an theB a the C the the D a a 7 Yesterday we held talk with them in the hall A the B this C a D an 8 My mother had fever so I had to look af