广东省东莞市寮步信义学校2014届中考英语复习一 名词考点讲解和训练

1 一 名词一 名词 考点直击 1 可数名词和不可数名词的用法 2 名词所有格的构成及用法 3 近义名词的辨析 名师点睛 一 名词的数一 名词的数 1 单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式 复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾 s 构成 其 主要变法如下 1 一般情况在词尾加 s 例如 book books girl girls boy boys pen pens doctor doctors boy boys 2 以 s x ch sh 结尾的词加 es 例如 bus buses class classes box boxes watch watches brush brushes 3 以 ce se ze d ge 结尾的名词加 s 例如 orange oranges 4 以辅音母加 y 结尾的词变 y 为 i 再加 es 例如 city cities factory factories country countries family families 但要注意的是以 元音字母加 y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加 s 如 boy boys day days 5 以 o 结尾的词多数都加 es 例如 hero heroes potato potatoes tomato tomatoes 但词末为两个元音字母的 词只加 s 例如 zoo zoos radio radios 还有某些外来词也只加 s 例如 photo photos piano pianos 6 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词 多数变 f 为 v 再加 es 例如 knife knives leaf leaves half halves 复数词尾 s 或 es 的读音方法如下表所示 复数词尾 s 或 es 的读音方法 情 况 读法 例 词 在 p t k f 等清辅音后 s cups hats cakes 在 s z t F 等音后 iz glasses pages oranges buses watches faces 在 b d v 等浊辅音后 z beds dogs cities knives 7 少数名词有不规则的复数形式 例如 man men woman women tooth teeth foot feet child children mouse mice 注意注意 与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词 其复数形式也是 men 和 women 例如 an Englishman two Englishmen 但 German 不是合成词 故复数形式为 Germans man woman 等作定语时 它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定 如 men workers women teachers 有个别名词单复数一样 例如 Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish 等 但当 fish 表示不同种类的鱼时 可以加复数词尾 8 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有 people police 等 2 9 数词 名词作定语时 这个名词一般保留单数形式 中间加连字符 例如 ten minutes walk an 8 year old girl a ten mile walk 10 还有些名词仅有复数形式 如 trousers clothes chopsticks glasses goods ashes scissors compasses 11 只用作单数的复数形式的名词有 科学名词 physics mathematics maths 游戏名称 bowls 专有名词 the United States Niagara Falls 其他名词 news falls 2 不可数名词 量 的表示方法 在英语中 不可数名词如果要表示 量 的概念 可以用以下两种方法 1 用 much a little a lot of lots of some any 等表示多少 例如 The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the glass I don t like winter because there s too much snow and ice 2 用 a piece of 这类定语 例如 a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water milk a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice 如果要表示 两杯茶 四张纸 这类概念时 在容器后加复数 例如 two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water 不可数名词也可用 a lot of lots of some any much 等来修饰 二 名词的所有格二 名词的所有格 名词所有格 用来表示人或物的所有 以及领属关系 1 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s 其复数形式是 s 例如 a student s room students rooms father s shoes 2 如其结尾不是 s 的复数形式仍加 s 如 Children s Day 3 在表示时间 距离 长度 重量 价格 世界 国家等名词的所有格要用 s 例如 a twenty minutes walk ten miles journey a boat s length two pounds weight ten dollars worth 4 无生命名词的所有格则必须用 of 结构 例如 a map of China the end of this term the capital of our country the color of the flowers 5 双重所有格 例如 a friend of my father s 注意 如果两个名词并列 并且分别有 s 则表示 分别有 例如 John s and Mary s rooms 约翰和玛丽各有一间 共两间 Tom s and Mary s bikes 两人各自的自行车 两个名词并列 只有一个 s 则表示 共有 例如 John and Mary s room 约翰 和玛丽共有一间 Tom and Mary s mother 即 Tom 与 Mary 是兄妹 实例解析 3 1 2004 年上海徐汇区中考试题 These have saved many children s lives A woman doctors B women doctor C women doctors D woman doctor 答案 C 该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化 woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持 数的一致 2 2004 年河北省中考试题 This is bedroom The twin sisters like it very much A Anne and Jane B Anne s and Jane s C Anne s and Jane D Anne and Jane s 答案 D 该题考查的是并列名词的所有格 两人共有一 个房间时 只在后面的名词后 加 s 3 2004 年吉林省中考试题 Are there any on the farm Yes there are some A horse B duck C chicken D sheep 答案 D 该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式 从谓语动词来判断 主语应该是复数名词 只有 sheep 可用作复数名词 4 2004 年佛山市中考试题 What would you like to drink or orange Orange please A hamburger B chip C tea 答案 C 该题考查的是名词的类别 三种东西中只有 tea 能喝 中考演练 一 单项填空 1 Where have you been Tim I ve been to A the Henry house B the Henry family C The Henry s home D Henry s 2 In England if is in the middle of the day the evening meal is called supper A food B lunch C breakfast D dinner 3 You looked for it twice but you haven t found it Why not try A three times B a third time C the third time D once 4 They are thirsty Will you please give them Certainly A some bottles of waters B some bottles of water C some bottle of water D some bottle of waters 5 Mike hurt one of his in the accident yesterday A tooth B feet C hand D ear 6 There is some on the plate A cakes B meat C potato D pears 7 In England the last name is the A family name B middle C given name D full name 4 8 The are going to fly to Beijing A Germen B Germany C Germanys D Germans 9 The has two A boys watches B boy watch C boy watches D boys watch 10 The little baby has two already A tooth B tooths C teeth D teeths 11 What s your for being late again A idea B key C excuse D news 12 It s dangerous here We d better go out quickly But I think we should let go out first A woman and children B women and child C woman and child D women and children 13 You can see Mr Smith if there is a sign on the door of his shop Thanks A ENTRANCE B BUSINESS HOURS C THIS SIDE UP D NO SMOKING 14 Are they going to have a picnic on A Children s Day B Childrens s Day C Childrens Day D Children Day 15 Where are the students Are they in A the Room 406 B Room 406 C the 406 Room D 406 Room 二 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释 写出所缺单词 1 We ve got a lot of new 杂志 in our school library 2 Please turn to another 频道 I don t like this show 3 Yesterday the 航班 to London was put off because of the bad weather 4 Autumn is my favourite 季节 5 How many 小刀 do you have Three 6 are widely used in the modern world 7 June 1st is 儿童 Day 8 Mary would you please tell me your new 地址 so that I can write to you 9 Does this piece of 音乐 sound nice Yes It s wonderful 10 May 12th is the International 护士 Day Let s say Thanks to them for their work 三 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词 1 What s your n Li Lei 2 How many d does your uncle have 3 Please close the w It s cold outside 4 If you want study English well you must pay attention to your p 5 5 A computer