2012高考英语 复习资料之难点讲解大全难点23 有章可循的主旨大意题

用心 爱心 专心1 难点难点 2323 有章可循的主旨大意题有章可循的主旨大意题 阅读中的主旨大意题主要是考查学生在阅读全文的基础上归纳总结文意的能力 然而 学生在阅读中常犯的毛病之一就是 只见树木 不见森林 难点磁场 1 A World of Opportunity The New York Times is now better than ever All the more reason to order home delivery now NEW SEPARATE sections for The Arts Monday through Thursday and Sports 7 days a week that you can pull out take with you or pass along NEW The Dining In Dining Out section Wednesdays a banquet 宴席 of great meals you can make yourself order up or eat out NEW The House others were not However when American men went to war in the 1940s women stepped into the men s jobs as factory and business workers After the war some women stayed in these positions and others left their jobs with a new sense of their own ability Question 4 What is the main idea of this passage A Different life styles led by the American women B American women were free to step into nontraditional roles C American women worked hard to establish their roles in American history D American women were independent because they did not have to follow the regulations rules at all 案例探究 1 There are many famous museums throughout the world where people can enjoy art Washington D C the US has the National Gallery of Art Paris has the Louver London the British Museum Florida International University FIU in Miami the US also shows art for visitors to see And it does so without a building or even a wall for its drawings and paintings 用心 爱心 专心4 FIU has opened what it says is the first computer art museum in the United States You don t have to visit the University to see the art You just need a computer linked to a telephone You can call the telephone number of a university computer and connect your own computer to it All of the art is stored in the school computer It is computer art produced electronically by artists on their own computers In only a few minutes your computer can receive and copy all the pictures and drawings Robert Shostak is director of the new computer museum He says he started the museum because computer artists had no place to show their work A computer artist could record his pictures electronically and send the records or floppy discs to others to see on their computers He could also put his pictures on paper of course But to print good pictures on paper the computer artist needed an expensive laser printer Robert Shostak says the electronic museum is mainly for art or computer students in schools and universities Many of the pictures in the museum are made by the students Mr Shostak said the FIU museum will make computer art more fun for computer artists because more people can see it He says artists enjoy their work much more if they have an audience And the great number of home computers in America could mean a huge audience for his electronic museum Question The main purpose of this text is to give information about A famous museums throughout the world B an electronic art museum in Miami U S A C art exhibitions in Florida International University D latest development in computer art 命题意图 本题主要考查学生的归纳概括能力 属五星级题目 错解分析 本题错选 C D 两项的学生较多 原因是只抓住了文章中的只言片语 而忽 视了前两段文字在文中的作用及贯穿文章始终的 museum 一词 解题方法与技巧 1 通读全文 抓住每段文字的主旨大意 尤其是文章的前两段 第一段作者告诉我们全世界有许多著名的艺术博物馆 第二段主要讲 Florida International University 新开的电脑艺术博物馆 随后各段就这家博物馆的领导者及博 物馆的运作做了说明 2 运用排除法 将较具干扰性的 C D 两项排除掉 C 项错误在于 art exhibitions D 项中只讲电脑艺术的最新发展 与文章的前两段无法相符 也没有呼 应贯穿文章始终的 art museum 答案 B 2 NMET 2002 In 1901 H G Wells an English writer wrote a book describing a trip to the moon When the explorers 探险者 landed on the moon they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities They expressed their surprise to the moon people they met In turn the moon people expressed their surprise Why they asked are you traveling to outer space when you don t even use your inner space H G Wells could only imagine travel to the moon In 1969 human beings really did land on the moon People today know that there are no underground 用心 爱心 专心5 cities on the moon However the question that the moon people asked is still an interesting one A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it Underground systems are already in place Many cities have underground car parks In some cities such as Tokyo Seoul and Montreal there are large underground shopping areas The Chunnel a tunnel 隧道 connecting England and France is now complete But what about underground cities Japan s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems called Alice Cities The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats offices shopping and so on A solar dome 太阳能穹顶 would cover the whole city Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth s space The surface they say can be used for farms parks gardens and wildernes H G Wells moon people would agree Would you Question What would be the best title for the text A Alice Cities cities of the future B Space travel with H G Wells C Enjoy living underground D Building down not up 命题意图 本题旨在考查学生的归纳概括能力 是一道主旨大意题 属五星级题目 错解分析 此题学生容易错选 B 项 原因是没有通览全篇 只抓住了文章的后半部分 尤其是第四段 解题方法与技巧 1 通览全文 抓首段大意 2 文章开篇叙述了 H G Wells 在 其科幻小说中的 月球人 询问月球探险者 为什么地球人不利用地球内部空间而到地 球外部空间旅行呢 接着下一段讲述越来越多的科学家正在认真思考这一问题 随后两 段叙述 underground systems 的利用及日本 underground cities 的设计 然后再根据文章 最后一段首句 Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth s space 可判断出此题 答案 答案 D 锦囊妙计 1 通读全文 重视首段 注意每段第一句话 尤其是论述性或说明性文章 2 归纳文章的段落大意 把握文章总体 3 重视重要情节 人物及事物特征 4 注意观察 找准贯穿上下文的关键词汇 5 重视题干中的关键词汇 main idea the best title the writer mainly wants to tell or show 歼灭难点训练 A Human language is a living thing Each language has its own biological system which makes it different from all other language This system must constantly adjust to a new environment and new situation to survive and flourish 用心 爱心 专心6 When we think of human language this way it is an easy step to see the words of a language as being like the cells of a living organism they are constantly forming and dying and splitting into parts as time changes and the language adapts There are several specific processes by which new words are formed Some words come into the language which sound like what they refer to Words like buzz and ding dong are good examples of this process Still another way in which new words are formed is to use the name of a person or a place closely associated with that word s meaning The words sandwich and hamburger are examples of this word formation process The Earl of sandwich an English aristocrat 贵族 was so fond of gambling at cards that he hated to be interrupted by the necessity of eating He thus invented a new way of eating while he continued his game at the gambling table This quick and convenient dish is what we now call a sandwich a piece of meat between two slices of bread The hamburger became the best known sandwich in the world after it was invented by a citizen of Hamburg in Germany As long as a language is alive its cells will continue to change forming new words and getting rid of the ones that no longer have any use 1 The passage is mainly about A the biological system of a living organism B the inventors of sandwich and hamburger C the development of human cells D the changes of a language B The wedding took place in a Birmingham hotel The bride and her father arrived in a new black American sports car Her father looked nervous and uncomfortable in front of the cameras The bride wore a silk wedding dress She smiled nervously at the waiting photographers and went to a room on the first floor where she met her future husband for the very first time Carla Germaine and Greg Cordell were the winners of a radio station s competition The aim of the competition was to find two strangers prepared to many without having met each other Miss Germaine 23 is a model Mr Cordell 27 is a TV salesman They were among the two hundred people who entered for a peculiar experiment organized by BMRB radio in Birmingham England Greg and Carla were among eight finalists who were interviewed live on radio They took a lie detector 测谎仪 test and the station also spoke to their friends and family about their personalities The competition judges included an astrologer 占星家 who declared that they were suited The couple celebrated their wedding with a wedding breakfast and a party for 100 guests in the evening but not everyone shared their joy Miss Germaine s mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr Cordell s parents are reported to be less than delighted Organizations including the marriage guidance service Relate have criticized the marriage As one person put it We have enough problems 用心 爱心 专心7 getting young people to take marriage seriously without this Marriage should always be about love The couple are now on a Caribbean honeymoon followed by journalists Their other prizes include a year s free use of a wonderful apartment in the centre of Birmingham and a car But will it last 2 Which of the following is the best title of the passage A Two Strangers and a WeddingB A Wedding Based on Love C A Short Lived MarriageD A Well Matched Couple C Since 1989 Dave Thomas who died at age 69 was one of the most recognizable faces on TV He appeared in more than 800 commercials 商业广告 for the hamburger chain named for his daughter As long as it works he said in 1991 I ll continue to do those commercials Even though he was successful Thomas remained troubled by his childhood He still won t let anyone see his feet which are out of shape because he never had proper fitting shoes Wendy said in 1993 Born to a single mother he was adopted 收养 as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan After Auleva died when he was 5 Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work He fed me Thomas said and if I got out of line he d beat me Moving out on his own at 15 Thomas worked first as a waiter in many restaurants But he had something much better in mind I thought if I owned a restaurant he said I could eat for free A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968 In 1969 after breaking with Sanders Thomas started the first Wendy s Old Fashioned Hamburgers in Columbus Ohio which set itself apart by serving made to order burgers With 6 000 restaurants worldwide the chain now makes 6 billion a year in sales Although troubled by his own experience with adoption Thomas married since 1954 to Lorraine 66 and with four grown kids besides Wendy felt it could offer a future for other children He started the Dave Thomas Foundation 基金会 for Adoption in 1992 In 1993 Thomas who had left school at 15 graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave says friend Pat Williams He wasn t a great actor or a great speaker He was just Joe Everybody 3 What is the article mainly about A The life of Dave Thomas B The dream of Dave Thomas C The schooling of Dave Thomas D The growth of Dave Thomas business D Tim Berners Lee is the man who wrote the software programme that led to the 用心 爱心 专心8 foundation of the World Wide Web Britain played an important part in developing the first generation of computers The parents of Tim Berners Lee both worked on one of the earliest commercial computers and talked about their work at home As a child he would build models of computers from packaging materials After graduating from Oxford University he went on to the real thing In the 1980s scientists were already communicating using a primitive version 原 始版本 of e mail While working at a laboratory in Switzerland Tim Berners Lee wrote a programme which let him store these messages This gave him another idea write a programme that will let academics 学术界人士 from across the world share information on a single place In 1990 he wrote the HTTP 服务程 序所用的协议 and HTML 超文本链接标示语言 programmes which formed the basis of the World Wide Web The next year his programmes were placed on to the Internet Everyone was welcome to use them and improve them if they could Programmers used his codes to work with different operating systems New things like web browers and search engines were developed Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100 000 In 1994 Tim Berners Lee formed the newly formed World Wide Web Consortium or W3C More than 200 leading companies and laboratories are represented by W3C Together they make sure that everyone can share equally on the web The web can help people to understand the way that others live and love It helps us understand the humanity of people he says 4 The main idea of this passage is A when the Internet came into beingB how Tim Berbers Lee formed W3C C why computers develop so rapidlyD how the World Wide Web started E Reducing the use of cars during rush traffic hours will make the environment more livable Unfortunately our present living and working environments encourage the use of cars But the car is taking us down the road in lower quality air The exhaust 废气 from cars damaging the earth s protective ozone layer and helping to cause the global warming causes as much as 50 of the smog producing compounds and chemical rain in our atmosphere causes 60 of the carbon monoxide in our atmosphere When you consider that the average person breathes in 9 000 quarts of air a day you realize how important clean air is to human being The government has spent billions of dollars to control car pollution Yet some big cities are still in violation 侵害 of public health standards that protect people from breathing poisonous air The health care costs related to unclean air are huge The traditional way of cleaning up what comes out of tailpipes has not done 用心 爱心 专心9 the job of getting rid of automobile emissions 散发物 Yet today s cars produces far less pollution than models from the 1960 s But there are now almost 51 million more cars on the road than there were in 1960 and drivers are traveling many more miles As a result cars are still the single largest source of city pollution today If we are going to achieve clean air we need to discourage car use by individuals especially during rush driving hours At the same time we reduce car use we must also improve our public transportation system If going to and from work by public transportation was convenient and cheap people would use the system instead of using cars to drive to work Yes it will cost money to improve our public transportation system But we now spend billions each year in controlling car emissions without much success Giving some of that money to public transportation would be a small price to pay for cleanest air Unless we do something to reduce car use and get people to use public transportation our love affair with the car will be the death of our environment 5 What is the main idea of the passage A Car use needs to be discouraged B Clean air is only possible if we reduce car use during rush hours C Car use is causing problems with the ozone layer creating poisonous gases D The government spends billions of dollars controlling the pollution coming from cars F After 78 years in the UK the Dutch clothing retailer 零售商 has closed shop for the last time But C A is not alone In the past week the best known names on British high streets Marks Spencer Boots and littlewoods have announced some of their worst ever trading figures The downturn is not a case of belt tightening Although there are fears of a recession 衰退 UK consumer 消费者 spending has set new records in the past year Experts say the sudden fall is the result of a revolution that is changing almost every side of British lives Mr and Mrs UK Average are throwing out the everyday and trading up to the finer things in life Consumers are declaring an end to all things ordinary The good taste revolution has swept the country with remarkable speed Sales of once popular fashions 时髦 are dropping quickly Just three years ago Marks Spencer was the UK s favorite People now consider the fashions ordinary Yet just 100 yards 91 metres from the empty aisles 通道 in London s Oxford Street the story is different Burberry enjoyed a 35 per cent increase in sales income in the last three months of last year Gucci saw its sales rise 25 per cent Armani reported 20 per cent growth Demand for the logo print 商标 at Louis Vuitton cannot be satisfied immediately And growth is not only limited to the wealthy Southeast 用心 爱心 专心10 Experts say Britain has moved from a good enough culture to good taste culture Almost everywhere you look from clothes to food and drink to cars to home furnishings to holidays Britons are buying into a life less ordinary Rising wealth is driving the revolution New research shows that the average UK household family is 40 per cent better off than in 1986 In the past only those with money and time on their hands were able to devote energy to the search for tasteful living says Martin Harward a director at the Henley Center But as incomes rise and free time increases the privileged wealthy many are living higher More middle class consumers are developing a sense of their own self image through what they buy 6 What is the most proper title for the passage A Income Increasing in BritainB Revolution Changing the World C Britains Going High FashionD Sales in Britain Going Down G All of us eat every day but most of us don t understand nutrition 营养 How much do you know about good nutrition Are the following statements true or false 1 People who don t eat meat can stay healthy True As long as people eat enough milk eggs and meat alternates 替代物 they can get enough protein 蛋白质 2 Fresh vegetables cooked at home are always more nutritious than canned vegetables False The difference depends more on how vegetables are prepared than whether they are fresh or canned Vegetables cooked in too much water can lose a large quanti