湖北省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（97）

用心 爱心 专心1 湖北省湖北省 20122012 高考英语二轮复习专题训练 阅读理解 高考英语二轮复习专题训练 阅读理解 9797 阅读下列短文 从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项 A B C和D 中 选出最佳选项 A A If you and your friends wish to share a secret you can write it in code and no one else will be able to read it Codes are one way of writing in secret Ciphers 暗码 are another In a code each word is written as a secret word or number In a cipher each letter is changed Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world Julius Caesar the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2 000 years ago used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops During the American Revolution George Washington s spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military 军事的 action In World War II the Americans broke or figured out Japan s most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock 商品 Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby In the 16th century codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists They wrote messages to each other in this way so that no one else would learn their secrets Geronimo Gardano an Italian astrologer 星相家 mathematician and doctor invented the trellis cipher He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one Then he sent one sheet which he called a trellis to a friend and kept the other for himself Whenever he wanted to write a message he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes Then he removed the trellis and filled the 用心 爱心 专心2 rest of the paper with words that would make sense When his friend received it he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message 1 The best title of this passage is A Codes and CiphersB Differences between Codes and Ciphers C History of Codes and CiphersD Inventors of Codes and Ciphers 2 Which of the following statements is NOTNOT true A Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes B You could read some words in Geronimo s letter without his trellis C The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar D Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 16th century 3 According to Geronimo Cardano a trellis is A a piece of paper with many small holes B a secret message with a lot of small holes C a letter with unreadable words and sentences D a sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures 4 It is NOTNOT mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of A military affairsB commercial secrets C scientific achievementsD personal enjoyment B B When a rather dirty poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins do you hurry on not knowing what to do or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money What should our attitude to beggars be There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from so it seems cruel not to give some money to beggars Certainly most of the world s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves ButBut 用心 爱心 专心3 hashas thethe worldworld changedchanged Maybe what was morally right in the old days when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help is no longer practiced by all the people Quite a few people will not give to beggars Let us look at their arguments Firstly some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil 恶行 Secondly there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer wine or drugs Thirdly there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging One might be poor but that is not the reason for losing one s sense of pride and self dependence Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than by ordinary people Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help It is hard to come to any final conclusion there are various cases and we must deal with them differently A few coins can save a life in some situations and even if the money is wasted that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver 5 What is mainly discussed in the passage A Moral deeds of most people B Religious activities in the society C Moral goodness of the giver D Arguments on giving to beggars 6 What can we infer from the sentence But has the world changed in the second paragraph A People no longer know who suffers misfortune in the village B There some people not willing to do what was morally right before C We don t meet with those who need others help any more D Now it is the government that has the duty to help the beggars 7 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage A Some people dress up to pretend to be beggars 用心 爱心 专心4 B Some beggars want money for their schooling C Some beggars use the money to buy drugs D Some beggars have no excuse for begging 8 In the last paragraph the writer thinks it hard to reach any final conclusion because A the cases can be so differentB there are so many beggars C there is so much money wastedD there are so many different arguments C C Are morning people born or made In my case it was definitely made In my early 20s I rarely went to bed before midnight and I would almost always get up late the next morning But after a while I couldn t ignore the high relationship between success and rising early On those rare occasions where I did get up early I noticed that my productivity was almost always higher So I set out to become a habitual early riser But whenever my alarm went off my first thought was always to stop that noise and go back to sleep Eventually some sleep research showed me that I was using the wrong strategy The most common wrong strategy is this You assume that if you re going to get up earlier you d better go to bed earlier It sounds very reasonable but will usually fail There are two main schools 流派 of thought on sleep patterns The first is that you should go to bed and get up at the same time every day The second school says you should go to bed when you re tired and get up when you naturally wake up However I have found both of them are wrong if you care about productivity If you sleep at set hours you ll sometimes go to bed when you aren t sleepy enough You re wasting time lying in bed awake and not being asleep If your sleep is based on what your body tells you you ll probably be 用心 爱心 专心5 sleeping more than you need Also your mornings may be less predictable if you re getting up at different times The solution for me has been to combine both methods I go to bed when I m sleepy and get up with an alarm clock at a fixed time So I always get up at the same time in my case 5 am but I go to bed at different times every night sometimes at 9 30pm and other times at midnight Most of the time I go to bed between 10 11 pm However going to bed only when I m sleepy and getting up at a fixed time every morning is my way If you want to become an early riser you can try your own 9 According to the passage the underlined phrase refers to A people who stay up until the next morning B people who feel sleepy in the morning C people who get up early in the morning D people whose productivity is the highest in the morning 10 Why did the author want to become a habitual early riser A Because he she wanted to form the habit of going to bed early and getting up early B Because he she wanted to see which of the two main schools of thought on sleep patterns was right C Because he she had found that his her productivity was higher when he she got up early D Because he she was told the high relationship between success and rising early 11 The author experienced all the following EXCEPT A asking scholars for advice on sleeping habits B getting up early occasionally C pressing off the alarm to go on sleeping D going to bed after midnight 12 The passage is mainly about 用心 爱心 专心6 A how to have good sleep B how to become an early riser C wrong strategies for getting up early D main schools of thought on sleep patterns D D Do you want to live forever By the year 2050 you might actually get your wish if you are willing to leave your biological body and live in silicon circuits 半导体电路 But long before then perhaps as early as 2010 some measures will begin offering a semblance of immortality 虚拟的永生 Researchers are confident that technology will soon be able to track every waking moment of your life Whatever you see and hear all that you say and write can be recorded analyzed and added to your personal chronicles 履历 By the 2030 it may be possible to catch your nervous 神经 systems through electrical activities which would also keep your thoughts and emotions Researchers at the laboratories of British Telecommunications have given the name of this idea as Soul Catcher Small electronic equipment will make preparation for Soul Catcher It would use a wearable supercomputer perhaps in a wristwatch with wireless links to micro sensors under your scalp 头皮 and in the nerves that carry all five sensory signals So wearing a video camera would no longer be required At first the Soul Catcher s companion system the Soul Reader might have trouble copying your thoughts in complete details Even in 2030 we may still be struggling to understand how the brain is working inside so reading your thoughts and understanding your emotions might not be possible But these signals could be kept for the day when they can be transferred to silicon circuits to revitalize minds everlasting entities 永生实体 Researchers can only wonder what it will be like to wake up one day and find yourself alive inside a machine For people who choose not to live in silicon semblance of immortality 用心 爱心 专心7 would not be as useless as they thought People would know their lives would not be forgotten but would be kept a record of the human race forever And future generations would have a much fuller understanding of the past History would not be controlled by just the rich and powerful Hollywood stars and a few thinkers in the upper society 13 The main idea of this passage is that A human beings long for living forever B there are many difficulties in making the Soul Catcher C people can live forever as technology develops D the invention of Soul Catcher has great importance 14 According to this passage a Soul Catcher will be A a new machine on which research measures have already been made B a new invention in order to catch and keep human s thoughts C made by British scientists to offer something that looks like living forever D made of silicon circuits which can catch people s nervous activity 15 We can infer from the passage that semblance of immortality is A to be a reality sooner or laterB far from certain C just an idea that couldn t t be realized at allD a fading hope 16 The meaning of the underlined word revitalize in the fourth paragraph is close to A make deadB make famousC make knownD make active E E Twenty years ago most experts believed that differences in how boys and girls behaved were mainly due to differences in how they were treated by their parents teachers and friends It s hard to cling to that belief today Recent research has shown that there are biological differences between boys and girls Understanding these differences is important in raising and educating children 用心 爱心 专心8 For example girls are born with more sensitive hearing than boys and the difference increases as kids grow up So when a grown man speaks to a girl in what he thinks is a normal voice she may hear it as yelling Conversely 反过 来 boys who appear to be inattentive in class may just be sitting too far away too hear the teacher Likewise girls are better in their expression of feelings Studies reveal that negative emotions are seated in an area of the brain called the amygdala Girls develop all early connection between this area and the cerebral cortex 大脑皮层 enabling them to talk about their feelings In boys these links develop later So if you ask a troubled adolescent boy to tell you what his feelings are h