江苏省淮安市金湖二中高二英语：Book7Unit1NewWordsandExpressions

Book 7 Unit 1 New Words and Expressions 1 delay 及物动词及物动词 vt delay doing sth 1 延缓 使延期 We decided to delay our wedding until next year 我们决定把婚礼推迟到明年 Our plane was delayed by fog 我们的飞机因大雾而误点了 It s a bad habit to delay doing things Don t put off till tomorrow what you can do today 做事拖拖拉拉不是好习惯 不要把今天能做的事情留到明天做 2 耽搁 延误 The accident delayed the train for two hours 事故使火车耽搁了两小时 不及物动词 vi 拖延 耽搁 I m sorry that I ve delayed so long 我很抱歉拖了这么久 名词 n 延迟 耽搁 U C My doctor advised me to give up smoking without delay 我的医生劝我立即戒烟 After much delay the results of the survey were published 耽搁多时之后 调查结果终于公布了 词语辨析 delay postpone 与 put off 的区别 delay 普通用词 多指因外界原因推迟或耽误 也可指有意推迟 postpone 正式用词 语气较强 多指有安排的延期 常指明延期到一定的时间 使延期 延迟 延缓 to until v ing They postponed sending an answer to a request 他们耽搁了对一项请求的答复 The concert has been postponed to Saturday 音乐会延迟到星期六 put off 口语用词 与 postpone 同义 但较通俗 He insisted that the meeting be put off 他要求推迟那个会议 共同点 三者均可表示将某事推迟到原订时间之后的某一时间进行 其后可接名词或动名词 但一般不 接不定式 为了表明推迟到何时 可用介词 to till until 等 They delayed postponed put off leaving 他们推迟动身 He decided to delay postpone put off his holiday to till until next month 他决定把假期推迟 到下个月 细微区别 1 delay 除表示推迟日期外 还可表示暂时阻挠或阻挡 因此有 耽搁 拖延 等意 The heavy rain delayed my journey 大雨耽搁了我的行程 2 postpone 和 put off 主要用于延期 两者常可换用 只是后者较通俗和口语化 但是 put off 有时以人作宾语 表示借辞推脱或搪塞某人 推迟或取消与某人的约会 使某 人不高兴或反感 打扰某人 让某人下车等 此时不宜用 postpone 如 He tried to put me off with more promises 他想用更多的诺言来敷衍我 We ve invited friends to dinner and it s too late to put them off now 我们已邀请朋友来吃饭 现 在取消来不及了 Don t be put off by the title it s a really good book 别介意这书名不好 它真是本好书 Don t put me off when I m trying to concentrate 我正要集中注意力呢 别打扰我 注 delay 也可以人作宾语 但强调的是耽搁某人的时间 如 I was delayed by the traffic 因交通堵塞 我迟到了 3 delay 除用作动词外 还用作名词 其余两者不用作名词 We must leave without delay 我们必须马上离开 That is the reason for my delay in answering your letter 这就是我迟迟不给你复信的缘故 注 名词 delay 后可接 in doing sth 但不接 of doing sth 或不定式 活学活用 1 I don t mind the decision as long as it is not too late A you to delay making B your delaying making C your delaying to make D you delay to make 2 It has been proposed that we our decision until the next meeting A delay B delayed C can delay D are to delay 3 You must get there within half an hour There should be no in sending the blood to the dying man A wait B delay C time D hurry 4 I have to delay the letter A to answer B answer C answering D answered 5 Good morning Doctor Brown s office Hello this is Tom Smith Could you please tell Doctor Brown I My car start A was delayed doesn t B will be delayed won t C am delayed didn t D would delay mustn t 6 He is an hour late He by fog Of course that s only a possibility A may have been delayed B should have been delayed C can have been delayed D must have been delayed 7 Due to the bad weather the plane was for two hours A delayed B canceled C postponed D put off 2 accessible 形容词形容词 a 1 可 或易 接近的 可 或易 进入的 A manager should be accessible to his staff 一个管理人员应该让职员感到平易近人 a town accessible by rail 有铁路通达的城镇 This island is accessible only by boat 这个小岛只能坐小船去 2 可 或易 得到的 可 或易 使用的 to Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children 药品不应放在儿童容易拿到的地方 This database is only accessible by the authorized manager 只有授权的管理员才可以访问此数据库 3 易受影响的 易感受的 to He is not accessible to pity 他不大有同情心 4 易被理解的 受到赞赏的 The information ought to be made more accessible 资料应该明白易懂 Those are his most accessible stories 那些是他最受欢迎的短篇小说 3 eventually 副词副词 ad 最后 终于 The government eventually collapsed in 1970 该政府终于在一九七 年倒台了 He fell ill and eventually died 他得了病 最后去世了 区别区别 at last eventually finally in the end lastly 这些词或词组均含有 最后 终于 之意 1 at last 多指经主观努力 克服各种困难后才终于达到目的 At last she interrupted abruptly what he was saying 最后她粗暴地打断了他的话 2 eventually 侧重于动作或行为的结果 He hated his stepfather and eventually ran away from home 他恨他的继父 最终从家中逃走了 3 finally 常与 at last 换用 都可用于对往事的描述 但 finally 不带感情色彩 指一系 列事情的最后结局 After putting it off three times we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece 推迟了三次度假 之后 我们终于在希腊度了假 4 in the end 与 at last 同义 但 in the end 不仅可指 过去 还可表示对 未来 的预计 In the end we stay at home and look after everything 最后 我们还是呆在家里照看着一切 5 lastly 指连续顺序的最后 通常用在列举事情的场合 Lastly I must say I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends 最后 我必须说我的这些成就都应归功于我的同事和朋友们的鼓励和帮助 4 reject 及物动词 vt 1 拒绝 抵制 The plan was rejected 该计划遭拒绝 He rejected their offer of a job 他拒绝了他们给他的工作 The board rejected all our ideas 董事会拒绝了我们的所有想法 2 去除 丢弃 All apples with soft spots were rejected 所有带软斑点的苹果都被剔除 3 驳回 否决 The prisoner s plea pli 申诉 申诉 for pardon was rejected 该犯的赦免请求被驳回了 4 吐出 排斥 The patient s body rejected the heart transplant 病人的身体排斥移植的心脏 词义辨析 decline refuse reject deny 都有 拒绝 的意思 decline v 婉言拒绝 谢绝 相当于 refuse politely 主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的 请求 后接名词或动词不定式 主语只能是人 例 I invited her to join us but she declined 我邀请她和我们在一起 可是她婉言谢绝了 refuse 例 v 是比较普通的用词 表示 拒绝 含有非常坚决地 不客气地拒绝的意思 reject v 抛弃 不采纳 主语可以是人或物 后接名词 不能接动词不定式 例 He asked her to go to the movies three times and each time she rejected him 他三次约她去 看电影 但每一次都被拒绝 deny v 否认 否定 其后可接名词 代词或 that 从句 例 The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court 被告在法庭上否认了对他 的指控 词语用法 在指 不接受邀请 请求或提议 时 不应用 reject 或 refuse 而应用 cannot accept cannot comply k m pla 依从 顺从 遵从 with 或 decline 等相对委婉的说法 活学活用 1 I am sorry that I must your invitation owing to a previous appointment A decline B reject C accept D receive 2 They were admission to the military exhibition because they were foreigners A denied B declined C deprived D rejected 3 Why was the suggestion that she to our party rejected the day before yesterday A be invited B to be invited C being invited D has been invited 5 oppose 及物动词及物动词 vt 1 反对 反抗 妨碍 n v ing They opposed the government s new policies 他们反对政府的新政策 The proposed new airport will be strongly opposed by the local residents 提议中的新机场会招受当地区民强烈反对 He is strongly bitterly opposed to the plan 他强烈反对这一计划 I am opposed to going shopping with others 我反对与他人一起外出购物 2 使相对 使对抗 to against Don t oppose your will against mine 不要把你的意志同我的对立起来 Who is opposing you in the match 你和谁比赛你和谁比赛 Our members are definitely opposed to making concessions k n se n 让步 on the safety question 我们的成员绝对反对在安全问题上让步 词义辨析 object oppose resist protest object 多指因厌恶或反感而反对 但不一定明显地表露出来 In the final analysis I object to the proposal 归根结底 我反对这个建议 归根结底 我反对这个建议 I objected that he was too young for the job 我反对的理由是因为他太年轻 不适合做那份工作 我反对的理由是因为他太年轻 不适合做那份工作 oppose 普通用词 含义广 语气强于 object 多指反对一些较重大的事 隐含其正当性 resist 指用力量或意志抵抗 制止对方的入侵或诱惑 影响等 I can t resist the temptation 我不能抵挡诱惑 They are determined to resist invasion 他们决定抵抗入侵 I can never resist an ice cream 我一见到冰淇淋就忍不住想吃 protest 抗议 反对 申明抗议 反对 申明 一般指通过言语或文字或行为表示出的强烈抗议 反对 He protested his innocence 他声言自己无罪 She protested strongly at being called a snob 她极力反对别人说她势利眼 她极力反对别人说她势利眼 They protested to the mayor that the taxes were too high 他们向市长提出抗议说税款过高 She protested that she had never seen the accused man before 她坚持说她以前从未见过这一被指控的男子 I went to the doctor under protest 我勉强去看了医生 活学活用 1 Is there anyone who the plans put forward by the committee A differs B opposes C disagrees D refuses 2 The trade unions in this industry are any reduction in wages A objecting against B opposed to C reacted to D resisting against 3 When he was asked about the missing briefcase the man ever seeing it A refused B opposed C denied D resisted 4 The committee is totally opposed any changes being made in the plans A of B on C to D against 6 circumstance 名词名词 n 1 情况 环境 情势 P Due to circumstances beyond our control the lecture was cancelled 由于无法控制的情况 讲座取消了 In normal circumstances I would have resigned immediately 在正常情况下 我本会马上辞职的 He was forced by the circumstances to do this 他做此事是为环境所迫 他做此事是为环境所迫 2 事件 事实 有关 事项 C His arrival was a happy circumstance 他的来到是一件令人高兴的事 3 境况 境遇 经济状况 P They have been living in reduced circumstances since John lost his job 约翰失业后 他们一直生活拮据 The bad circumstances forced him to steal 他迫于贫困去偷窃 4 细节 详情 C U The explorer told of his adventure with great circumstance 探险者详细叙述了他的冒险经历 5 机遇 命运 C He became a victim of circumstances 他成了命运的牺牲品 Your arrival was a fortunate circumstance 你的到来是命中注定的 你的到来是命中注定的 拓展拓展 in under the circumstances 在这种情况下 考虑到这种情况 I had to give up my attempt in the circumstances 既然这样我只得放弃尝试 in under no circumstances 决不 无论如何都不 At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons 中国在 任何时候 在任何情况下 都不首先使用核武器 Under no circumstances should you lend him any money 你无论如何都不该把钱借给他 Under no circumstances shall I leave you 在任何情况下我都不会离开你 in the present circumstances 在目前的情况下 according to circumstances 根据情况 be in easy circumstances 经济宽裕 be in reduced circumstances 经济拮据 词义辨析 condition state situation circumstance condition 一般强调产生影响的原因或环境 复数形式指笼统的情况 Hard work is a condition of success 勤奋是成功的前提 The miners there worked in dreadful conditions 那里的矿工们在极其恶劣的环境中工作 I ll do it on condition that you pay for everything 我可以做此事 条件是你得支付一切费用 What s the patient s condition 病人的情况如何 state 普通用词 指人或物在环境 外表 心灵以及健康方面的状况 或指在某一阶段的状 态或形式 The house has fallen into a state of neglect 这所房屋已处于荒废的状态 这所房屋已处于荒废的状态 His general state of health is fairly satisfactory 他总的健康状况相当令人满意 situation 指明确具体的环境情况或处境 This situation is unfavorable for us 这样的局面对我们来说是不利的 The company is in a poor financial situation 该公司经济状况艰难 He was in a dangerous situation 他处境危险 他处境危险 circumstance 多指周围的情况或某事发生时的情况 活学活用 1 It is hard to imagine a large city without policemen but such was the in London in the early 18th century A condition B affair C environment D situation 2 The collapse of the World Trade Center has put US economy in a difficult A position B situation C state D condition 3 Though bought several years ago the car is still in good A situation B condition C standard D position 4 The of his clothes indicated too clearly that he had been playing football A state B condition C occasion D situation 5 An important factor in determining how well you perform in an examination is the of your mind A state B case C situation D circumstance 6 Look at the terrible situation I am in If only I your advice A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed 7 rid 及物动词及物动词 vt 使免除 使摆脱 从 清除 of I want to rid this city of corruption 我要这座城市摆脱腐败现象 The man