湖南省长沙县实验中学2013届高中英语 旧词新意长难句解析学案

1 湖南省长沙县实验中学湖南省长沙县实验中学 20132013 届英语旧词新意长难句解析学案届英语旧词新意长难句解析学案 近年来 为了考查考生猜测词义的能力 高考英语阅读理解题中出现了大量生词 其中有不少词属于熟 词换新义的情况 很多考生因不懂这些熟词的新含义 而出现思维被堵的现象 严重影响了对全文的正 确理解 造成了不应有的失分 例 1 Ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed but the US stopped a similar program last May 2005 全国卷 I 析 custom 原本为名词 表风俗习惯 由句中 special passes enter the country 和 are closed 之间 的语境逻辑可以推断该词仍为名词 表 海关 例 2 The other teams disappointed were on the bus heading home 2004 山东卷 析 head 本为名词 表头 由 the bus 和 home 的语境逻辑可以推断 该句 head 为动词 表方向 结合 全句可译为 开往 驶向 例 3 I had first known she was wrong that her anxiety had clouded her judgment 04 全国卷 析 cloud 本为名词 表云 分析语境逻辑可知 忧虑会影响一个人的判断 因此该句 clouded 应译为使 难以 例 4 Finally although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job recent graduates report that they don t regret their choice of study 2004 山东卷 析 land 作动词 表登陆 着陆 结合语境可知 登陆第一份工作就指找到第一份工作 因此该句 land 应译为 得到 找到 例 5 How could they begin to picture modern life 析 picture 本为名词 表图画 分析语境逻辑可知 该句 picture 作为动词 可理解为使 出现图画 即描绘 不少考生因不理解划线部分熟词的新含义 给全句甚至全文的理解带来很大困难 显然为了提高阅读效 率 我们很有必要归纳一下熟词的新词义 1 fire vt 解雇 Work hard or you will be fired 努力工作 否则你将被解雇 2 fine vt 罚款 If you pay no attention to the red light and run across the street you ll be fined 如果你对红灯不予理睬 强行过马路 你将被罚款 3 fall n 秋天 In fall all the leaves fall of themselves 秋天所有树叶都会无风自 落 4 wind vt 使弯曲前进 vi 迂回 蜿蜒 The Great Wall of China winds its way from west to east 长城自西向东蜿蜒前进 5 lay 下蛋 产卵 The hens lay there laying eggs 母鸡伏在那里下蛋 6 spring n 泉水 弹簧 弹力 vt 跳跃 The spring has run dry 这眼泉干涸了 This is a dead spring 这弹簧失去了弹性 He rose with a spring 他一跃而起 The ball sprang back and hit him 球弹回打在他身上 7 mine n 矿山 vt 开采 矿物 2 This mine will be opened 这个矿井将被开采 Coal is mined from underground 煤采自地下 8 egg n 卵 An ant starts as an egg 蚂蚁的生命自卵开始 9 can n 罐头 This is a can of oranges 这是一罐头桔子 10 bear vt 忍受 I can t bear this pain 我无法忍受这样的痛苦 11 stand vt 忍受 I can t stand being treated like this 我受不了别人这么对 我 12 clear vi 天气转晴 The sky will clear up this afternoon 下午天将转晴 13 cross n 十字架 It is not right for you to wear a cross 你戴十字架不合适 14 cost vt 使丧失 The storm cost the king all his ships 这场暴风雨使国王失掉了所有船只 15 date vi 始于或属于 某一历史时期 n 约会 This tower dates from back to the 14th century 此塔历史可追溯到十四世纪 I will have a date with Jenny tonight 今晚我与詹妮有约会 16 way n 领域 场合 Science can help peasants in many ways 科学可在很多领域对农民们有帮助 17 flat n 一套房间 I have a flat in this building 我在这幢楼里有一套房间 18 gift n 天资 才能 He has a gift for music 他有音乐天赋 19 good n 好处 利益 We study for the good of the people 我们为人民利益而学习 20 break n 课间 工间休息 Let s have a break 让我们休息一会儿 21 green adj 青的 生的 These apples are still green you can t pick them 这些苹果还未成熟 请别摘 22 table n 表格 This is a railway timetable 这是一张火车时刻表 23 tear vt 撕 He tore the letter open 他将信撕开了 24 china n 瓷器 I will buy a set of china 我要买一套瓷器 25 interest n 利益 I criticize you for your interest 我批评你是为了你好 26 iron n 熨斗 She is pressing her dress with an iron 他在用熨斗烫衣服 27 lift n 电梯 The building is too high please take the lift 楼房太高了 请乘电梯 28 must n 必须做的事情 To learn English well is a must 学好英语是非常必要的 29 promise vt 有希望 He promises to be a scientist 他有希望成为科学家 30 race n 种族 人种 They are black races 他们是黑色人种 31 seat vt 可容纳 坐得下 人 Our hall can seat 1 000 people 我们的大厅可容纳 1 000 人 32 second n 秒 A minute is equal to sixty seconds 一分钟等于 60 秒 33 sound vt 使发出声音 If there is a fire please sound the fire alarm 如果发生火灾 请按火警 34 word n 消息 情报 Word comes that there will be a film this evening 有消息说 今晚将有一场电影 35 world n 界 He is very popular in the world of music 他在音乐界颇受欢迎 36 hold vt 容纳 盛得下 Our classroom can hold 100 students 我们的教室可容纳 100 个学生 37 run vt 经营 开办 操作 He runs a famous school 他开办着一所著名学校 He is running a machine 他正在操作一台机器 38 excuse vt 使免去 Excuse me from work next Friday 请同意我星期五不上班 39 will n 意志 决心 He has a strong will 他有坚强的意志 40 some adv 大约 There are some fifty students in our class 我们班大约有五十个学生 3 20112011 届高三英语阅读专题复习届高三英语阅读专题复习 长难句分析长难句分析 一 长难句的分类 1 带有较多成分的简单句 Having chosen family television programs and women s magazines the toothpaste marketer for instance must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women s magazines to be used 2 含有多个简单句的并列句 In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale and had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children but he was terribly unhappy 3 含有多个从句的复合句 I can t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth s population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable 不能再生的 resources our children may have to lead poorer lives 4 含有多个插入成分的句子 His journey to the e mail hell began innocently 无知地 enough when as chairman of Computer Associates International a software company he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic mail system 5 并列复合句 I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse but I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not change was unavoidable 6 倒装句 Before 1066 in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups 二 分析长难句的方法策略 一 结构分析法所谓结构分析法 就是通过语法分析 迅速弄清句子的结构 把握住句子的基本框架 首先 判断该句是简单句 并列句还是复合句 然后 找出句子的核心成分 分清主语和谓语 再分清 句子附属成分 方法一 较复杂单句的处理方法 找主 谓语 即找主干成分 However many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years 方法二 并列句的处理方法 找并列连词 Miss Germaine s mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr Cordell s parents are reported to be less than delighted 方法三 主从复合句的处理方法 找从属连词 4 Whereas a woman s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage it wasn t unusual to hear a man say that he didn t know that his friend s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking he could sleep on the sofa 方法四 并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法 先读懂并列句 再看主从复合句 If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language you will get answers like Shakespeare Samuel Johnson and Webster but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn t even speak English William the Conqueror 二 意群阅读法 意群阅读法即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息 此方法不仅 有利于提高阅读速度 而且有利于对句子的整体理解 When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters 分析 是状语从句 是主句 是 with 引导的介词短语作状语 修饰谓语 这样 把整个句子划为 3 个意群 可以大大提高阅读速度 巩固练习 Tristan da Cunha a 38 square mile island is the farthest inhabited island in the world according to the Guinness Book of Records It is 1 510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St Helena and 1 950 miles west of Africa Discovered by the Portuguese admiral 葡萄牙海军上将 of the same name in 1506 and settled in 1810 the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred Coming in a close second and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island is Easter Island which lies 1 260 miles east of its nearest neighbor Pitcairn Island