中考英语三大从句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)

1 中考英语专项复习中考英语专项复习 宾语从句宾语从句 一 宾语从句的种类 一 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语 或介词的宾语 或形容词的宾语 根据引 导宾语从句的不同连词 宾语从句可分为三类 1 由 that 引导的宾语从句 that 只有语法作用 没有实在的意义 在口语和非 正式文体中可以省略 例如 He said that he wanted to stay at home She doesn t know that she is seriously ill I am sure that he will succeed 2 由连接代词 who whom whose what which 和连接副词 when where why how 引导的宾语从句 这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分 例如 Do you know who whom they are waiting for He asked whose handwriting was the best Can you tell me where the No 3 bus stop is I don t know why the train is late 3 由 if 或或 whether 引导的宾语从句 if 和 whether 在句中的意思是 是否是否 例 如 I want to know if whether he lives there He asked me whether if I could help him 二 宾语从句的语序 二 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序陈述句的语序 例如 I hear that physics isn t easy I think that you will like this school soon Can you tell me how I can get to zoo Please tell me when we ll have the meeting 三 宾语从句的时态 三 宾语从句的时态 1 如果主主句的时态是一般现在时 宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态 I don t think that you are right Please tell us where he is Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station 2 如果主句主句的时态是一般过去时 宾语从宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态 一般过去 时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 例如 2 He asked what time it was He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet He asked if you had written to Peter He said that he would go back to the U S soon 3 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理客观真理 其时态常用一般现在时 例如 Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun 注意注意 运用虚拟语气的情况在表示建议 suggest advise propose 要求 demand desire request 决定 decide 命令 order command require 坚决主张 insist 等动词后跟 宾语从句 用虚拟语气 should v 原形 Eg I suggested that you should study hard He ordered that we should go out at once 中考链接中考链接 1 Your T shirt is so cool Could you tell me A where you buy it B where do you buy it C where you bought it D where did you buy it 2 Excuse me Could you tell me I can get to the Space Museum Of course You can take bus No 1 A whereB howC ifD why 3 Do you know the new mobile phone last week Maybe 900 yuan I m not quite sure A how much she paid forB how much will she pay for C how much did she pay for 4 Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life And that s he succeeds A whatB whenC whyD where 5 Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie It s about A how did Alice end the Red Queen s reign of terror 恐怖统治 B what did Alice end the Red Queen s reign of terror C how Alice ended the Red Queen s reign of terror D what Alice ended the Red Queen s reign of terror 3 6 Do you know the girl in red is I m not sure Maybe a teacher A whenB howC whereD what 7 What did your parents thank about your decision They always let me do I think I should A whenB thatC howD what 8 I want to know A when we should arrive at the airport B when should we arrive at the airport C when the airport we should arrive at D when the airport should we arrive at 9 Would you please tell me At 10 00 this evening A when will the train leave B when the train will leave C when does the train leave 10 Could you tell me Fill in this form and I will give you a card A how I can meet Cathy B where I can meet CathyC when I can meet Cathy 11 Do you know the man with sunglasses is I m not sure Maybe a reporter A who B what C where D how 12 Tommy do you know if Frank to the zoo this Sunday if it Sorry I have no idea A will go is fine B goes is fine C will go is going to be fine D goes will be fine 13 No one can be sure in a million years A what man looks like B what will man look like C what man looked like D what man will look like 14 Sue told me that she shopping with her sister the next day A will goB would go C goesD has gone 15 The new designed car is on show now I wonder 4 A how much it cost B how much did it cost C how much it costs D how much does it cost 16 When do you think About half past five I will pick him up at the airport A he will come B will he come C did he comeD he came 17 Our teacher told us the sun in the east A rise B rose C rising D rises 18 Listen It is still noisy in the head teacher s office Go and see they have finished correcting the papers yet A though B whether C unless D while 19 What time will Mr Brown be back to China Sorry I don t know A when did he go abroad B why he is going abroad C how soon will he be back D how long he will stay abroad 20 Do you know the man with sunglasses is I m not sure Maybe a reporter A who B what C where D how 1 5 CBACC 6 10 DDABA 11 解析 选 B 12 解析 选 A 结合题意 汤姆 如果天气好的话 你知道弗 兰克这个星期六将去动物园吗 可知第一个空是宾语从句 要用一般将来时 第二个空是条件状语从句 要用一般现在时 故排除 B C D 三项 选 A 13 解析 选 D 从语序方面先排除 B 另结合时间状语 in a million years 可知 要用一般将来时 14 解析 选 B 结合主句中的 told 和从句中的 the next day 可知要用过去将来 时 故排除 A C D 三项 15 解析 选 C 16 解析 选 A 问句是带有插入语 do you think 的宾语从句 要用陈述语序 先排除 B C 二项 另结合答句中的 will pick him up 可知要用一般将来时 故 舍 D 选 A 17 解析 选 D 从句中所说 太阳从东边升起 是客观事实 所以不管主句用 什么时态 从句总是用一般现在时 故正确答案为 D 18 解析 选 B 考查 whether 引导的宾语从句 结合题意 去看看他们是否已 5 改完了试卷 19 解析 选D 20 解析 选 B 四个选项都可以引导宾语从句 结合答语 Maybe a reporter 可知问句是在询问人的职业 故正确答案为 B 题意为 你知道那个戴眼镜的男 人是做什么的吗 中考英语专项复习中考英语专项复习 状语从句状语从句 状语从句状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词 副词和形容词动词 副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句 根据其 含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句 地点状语从句 条件状语从句 原因 状语从句 结果状语从句 比较状语从句 目的状语从句 让步状语从句 1 时间状语从句时间状语从句 1 时间状语从句常用 when as while before after since till until as soon as 连词来引导 It was raining hard when got to school yesterday While he was doing his homework the telephone rang As he walked along the lake he sang happily He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China After he finished middle school he went to work in a factory 2 在时间状语从句里 通常不用将来时态 用现在时态表示将来的动作或状 态 I ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York I will tell him everything when he comes back He won t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes 2 条件状语从句条件状语从句 1 条件状语从句通常由 if unless 引导 What shall we do if it snows tomorrow Don t leave the building unless I tell you to 2 在条件状语从句里 谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态 I ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow He won t be late unless he is ill 3 祈使句 and or 陈述句 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复 合句 6 Study hard and you will pass the exam If you study hard you will pass the exam 3 原因状语从句原因状语从句 1 原因状语从句通常由 because since as 引导 He didn t come to school because he was ill As it is raining we shall not go the zoo Since you can t answer the question I ll ask someone else 2 because 表示直接原因 语气最强 Because 引导的原因状语从句多放在主 句之后 回答由 why 提出的问题 只能用 because As 和 since 语气较弱 一般用来表示明显的原因 由 as 和 since 引导的原因状语从居多放在句首 Why aren t going there Because I don t want to As he has no car he can t get there easily Since we have no money we can t buy it 3 because 和 so 不能同用在一个句子里 4 结果状语从句结果状语从句 1 结果状语从句由 so that such that so that 引导 He is so poor that he can t buy a bike for his son She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her My pencil fell under the desk so that I couldn t see it 2 so that 语 such that 可以互换 在由 so that 引导的结果状语从句中 so 是副词 与形容词连用 其结构是 so 形容词 副词 that 从句 例如 The hall is so big that it can hold 2 000 people 在由 such that 引导的结果状语从句中 such 是形容词 它修饰的可以是单 数或复数可数名词 也可以是不可数名词 名词前面可以带形容词 也可不 带 如果是单数可数名词 前面需加不定冠词 a 或 an It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling 天花板 He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid term 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的 It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it 7 The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it 3 如果名词前由 many much little few 等词修饰时 只能用 so 不用 such Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses He has so little time that he can t go to the cinema 去看电影 with you 5 比较状语从句比较状语从句 比较状语从句通常由 as as 比较级 than 等连词引导 Tom runs faster than John does 6 目的状语从句目的状语从句 1 目的状语从句通常由 so that in order that 为了 以便 引导 We started early so that we could catch the first train He studies hard so that he could work better in the future We used the computer in order that we might save time 2 so that 既可引导目的状语从句 又可引导结果状语从句 区别这两种从句 的办法有两个 1 目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词 can could may might 等 2 从意思上看 目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确 例如 Speak clearly so that they may understand you 目的状语从句 Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest 结果状语从句 7 让步状语从句让步状语从句 1 让步状语从句通常由 although though 尽管 虽然 等连词引导 Though he is young he knows a lot Although I am tired I must go on working 2 although though 不能用在同一个句子中 并且句子中不能再用 but 我们不能说 Though it was raining hard but he still went out 应该说 Though it was raining hard he still went out 或者 It was raining hard but he still went out 二者单独用 但是汉语翻译的时候 可以把 but 的含义 但是 翻译出来 8 地点状语从句地点状语从句 地点状语从句常常由 where 来引导 例如 Where there is a will there is a way 总结总结 状语从句分类及常用连词 类别 连词 时间状语从句 when whenever while as before after since till once 一 但 8 地点状语从句 where wherever 原因状语从句 because since as for now that 既然 由于 目的状语从句 in order that 为了 以便 so that 结果状语从句 so that so that such that that 条件状语从句 if unless as so long as 让步状语从句 though although even if even though however whatever 比较状语从句 as as so as than 方式状语从句 as as if as though 中考链接中考链接 1 he s old he can still carry this heavy bag A Though B Since C For D So 2 Do you know if he to play basket ball with us I think he will come if he free tomorrow A comes is B comes will be C will come is D will come will be 3 In the zoo if a child into the water and can t swim the dolphins may come up him A will fall to help B falls to help C will fall help D falls helping 4 I don t remember he worked in that city when he was young A what B which C where D who 5 We will stay at home if my aunt to visit us tomorrow A comes B come C will come D is coming 6 The police asked the children cross the street the traffic lights turned green A not before B don t when C not to until D not after 7 I was late for class yesterday there was something wrong with my bike A when B that C until D because 8 I ll go swimming with you if I free tomorrow A will be B shall be C am D was 9 In the exam the you are the mistakes you will make A careful little B more careful fewest C more careful fewer D more careful less 10 You should finish your lessons you go out to play A before B after C when D while 9 11 I hurried I wouldn t be late for class A since B so that C as if D unless 12 When you read the book you d better make a mark you have any questions A which B that C where D though 13 The teacher raised his voice all the students could hear him A for B so that C because D in order 14 He took off his coat he felt hot A because B as C if D since 15 It is that we d like to go out for a walk A a lovely day B too lovely a day C so lovely a day D such lovely a day 16 Mary had much work to do that she stayed at her office all day A such B so C too D very 17 I felt very tired I tried to finish the work A Although B Because C As D As if 18 the day went on the weather got worse A With B Since C While D As 19 well you can drive you must drive carefully A So long as B In order that C No matter how D The moment 20 Write to me as soon as you to Beijing A will get B get C getting D Got 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A6 C 7 D 8 C 9 C 10 A11 B 12 C 13 B 14 A 15 C 16 B 17 A 18 D 19 C 20 B 中考英语专项复习中考英语专项复习 定语从句定语从句 一 定语从句的概念 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词叫 先行词 定语从句一般放在先行词的后面 二 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词 常见的关系代词包括 that which who 宾格 whom 所有格 whose 等 关系副词包括 where when why 等 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接 作用 同时又作定语从句的重要成分 10 三 定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定 语从句 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词 主句与从句不用逗号分开 从句不可省 去 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开 起补充说明作用 如省去 意思仍完整 四 关系代词的用法 1 that 既可以用于指人 也可以用于指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 作主语时 不可省略 作宾语可省略 例如 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐 that 作主语 The coat that I put on the desk is blue 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的 that 作宾语 2 which 用于指物 在句中作主语或宾语 作主语不可省略 作 宾语可省略 例如 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket 位于火车站附近的 那座大楼是一家超市 作主语 The film which we saw last night was wonderful 我们昨天晚上看的那部电 影很好看 作宾语 3 who whom 用于指人 who 用作主语 whom 用作宾语 在口语中 有时可 用 who 代替 whom 也可省略 例如 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England 经常在英语方面帮助 我的那个女孩是英国人 作主语 Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁 作宾语 注意注意 1 当定语从句中含有介词 介词放在句末时 who that which 可省略 但 介词在关系代词前时 只能用 介词 which whom 结构 例如 This is the house in which we lived last year 这是我们去年居住的房子 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel 请告诉我你从谁那借的 这本英文小说 2 含有介词的固定动词词组中 介词不可前置 只能放在原来的位置上 例 如 This is the person whom you are looking for 这就是你要找的那个人 3 that 作介词的宾语时 介词不能放它的前面 只能放在从句中动词的后面 例如 11 The city that she lives in is very far away 她居住的城市非常远 4 关系词只能用 that 的情况 a 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 或本身是序数词 基数词 形容词 最高级时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 He was the first person that passed the exam 他是第一个通过考试的人 b 被修饰的先行词为 all any much many everything anything none the one 等不定代词时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗 c 先行词被 the only the very the same the last little few 等词修饰时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 This is the same bike that I lost 这就是我丢的那辆自行车 d 先行词里同时含有人或物时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room 我能清楚 记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片 e 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句 为避免重复 只能用 that 例如 Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 f 主句是 there be 结构 修饰主语的定语从句用 that 而不用 which 例如 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom 桌子上那本书是汤姆的 5 关系词只能用 which 而不用 that 的情况 a 先行词为 that those 时 用 which 而不用 that 例如 What s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 b 关系代词前有介词时 一般用 which 而不用 that 例如 This is the room in which he lives 这是他居住的房间 c 引导非限制性定语从句 用 which 而不用 that 例如 Tom came back which made us happy 汤姆回来了 这使我们很高兴 五 关系副词的用法 关系副词 在句中作状语 关系副词 介词 关系代词 why for which where in at on which 介词同先行词搭配 when during on in which 介词同先行词搭配 1 when 指时间 其先行词表示时间 在句中作时间状语 例如 12 This was the time when he arrived 这是他到达的时间 2 where 指地点 其先行词表示地点 在句中作地点状语 例如 This is place where he works 这是他工作的地点 3 why 指原因 其先行词是原因 起原因状语作用 例如 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school 没人知道他为什么上学总 迟到 中考链接 1 Nearly all the streets are in straight lines from east to west Those run from north to south are called avenues A running that B run who C running who D run that 2 This is the case he s had all his money stolen A when B where C that D on which 3 Mr Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008 A where B when C which D how 4 The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything A that the little girl asks him B the little girl asks him to C for the little girl to ask him D what the little girl asks him 5 How did you get in touch with the travel agent Robin Oh that s easy I surfed the Internet and then called one the telephone number is provided A which B in which C of which D whose 6 October 15 th is my birthday I will never forget A when B that C what D which 7 The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point he can walk correctly and safely A when B where C which D whose 8 There are several research centers in China a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied A which B where C when D what 9 I hope that the little I have been able to do does good to them all A which B what C that D when 10 The time is not far away modern communications will become widespread in China s vast countryside A as B when C until D before 11 is known to everybody Taiwan is a part of China We must unify it 13 A It B As C Which D What 12 I shall never forget the day Shen Zhou V was launched has a great effect on my life A when which B that which C which that D when that 13 The bread my wife makes is much better than you can buy at a store A that which B one that C that of which D this of which 14 There is no such place you dream of in all this world A that B what C which D as 15 The people had been damaged by the flood were given help by the Red Cross A all whose homes B all of whose homes C all their homes D all of their homes 16 The humans are destroying nature day by day of course will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later A who B when C on which D Which 17 Is this research center you visited the modern equipment last year A where B that C the one that D the one where 18 Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old they swam in it A when B that C who D where 19 The man showed us so heavy a stone no man can lift A that B as C which D and 20 He stayed there for quite a long time during time he learned much spoken English A that B this C which D same 答案与解析答案与解析 1 A 主语与 run 延伸 是主动关系 所以用现在分词 Those 指街道 所以 不用 who 而用 that 来引导定语从句 2 B 因为在此题中 where 引导定语从句 表示 在这种种况下 与 in which 相当 3 A 因为先行词是 Beijing 而不是 this autumn 所以用 where 引导定语从句 4 B 答案 B 是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句 另外 to 后还省略了动词 原形 paint 14 5 C 因为 of which 引导定语从句 并在从句中作定语 of which the telephone number whose telephone number 6 D 因为这是个非限制性定语从句 先行词是前面一句话的内容 7 B 因为表示 阶段 程度 地步 的 the point 在定语从句中作地点状语 所以用 where 引导定语从句 8 B 因为先行词是 research centers 并在定语从句中作状语 所以用 where 9 C 因为当先行词是表示事物的 all little few much anything everything nothing 等时 多用 that 引导定语从句 10 因为先行词是 the time 且在定语从句中作状语 所以用 when 引导 此 题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了 要善于辨别 11 B 先行词是 Taiwan is a part of China 整个主句 一般由 as 或 which 引导 定语从句 但 which 引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后 另外 as 有 正如 之意 而 which 没有 所以用 as 顺便说说 原句改为 It is known to everybody that Taiwan is What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is 12 A 两空都是考查定语从句 先行词分别是 the day 和 Shen Zhou V was launched the day 在定语从句中作状语 用 when 引导 后句是非限制性定语从句 不能 用 that 要用 which 13 A 因为替代不可数名词 the bread 只能用 that 排除 B 和 D 又因为先 行词 that the bread 在定语从句中作 buy 的宾语 用 which 所以选 A 14 D 当定语从句的先行词前有 such so as 等词语时 由 as 引导 并且 as 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 as 在此题中作 dream of 的宾语 注意 在表示 如此 以致 的 such so that 结构中 that 不作任何句子成份 15 B 考查非限制性定语从句 all of whose homes all of their homes 他们所 有的房子 16 D 因为先行词是前面整个句子 且在从句中作主语 所以用 which of course 是插入语 17 D 将疑问句改为陈述句 this research center is 显然缺少先行词 必须 加上代词 the one 来作先行词 又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语 所以用关系 副词 where 假若在 this 后加 the 就选 where 请想想这是为什么 18 A 因为先行词是 the days 并在定语从句中作状语 19 B 当先行词前有 so 时 用 as 引导定语从句 as 在从句中作主语或宾语 假若在 lift 后加上 it 答案就是 that 了 请想想这是为什么 15 20 C 因前后均的句子 必须要选连词 排除 B 和 D 又因在介词后不能用 that 来引导定语从句 所以选 C during which time 在那段时间里 中考英语强化练习 二 1 福州 We all like Miss Wang I agree with you She always makes her English class A interested B interest C interesting 2 浙江湖州 Sally used to be but now she enjoys meeting and talking to new friends A active B shy C honest D outgoing 3 杭州 A smile cost