【志鸿优化设计】2014届高考英语第一轮复习 （归纳拓展+巩固提升）语法专题十 数词和主谓一致（含解析） 译林牛津版

1 语法专题十语法专题十 数词和主谓一致数词和主谓一致 一 数词 数词分为两种 基数词 表示数目 和序数词 表示顺序 考点一 dozen 与 score 的用法 1 dozen 一打 十二 score 二十 与具体数词或与 many several 等连用时 后不加 s 所修饰的名词前常省去 of 如 two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 many dozen pencils 好多打铅笔 dozen score 的复数形式后接 of 时 表示 许多 是概数 如 dozens of eggs 几十个鸡蛋 scores of pencils 几十支铅笔 此外 有 数词 score of 名词 这种用法 如 two score of eggs 40 个鸡蛋 three score of people 60 个人 2 当所修饰的名词之前有限定词 these those my your 等或是修饰人称代词宾格 them us you 时 这时需要加 of 如 two dozen of these pens three score of them 考点二 分数的表达法 分子用基数词 分母用序数词 若分子大于 1 则分母用复数 如 one fourth a quarter 1 4 two fifths 2 5 Two thirds of the money was spent on food 考点三 年龄的表达法 表示某人的确切年龄 用 基数词 years old 或者 at the age of 基数词 也 可直接用基数词 表示某人几十多岁时 用 in one s 逢十的基数词的复数 如 tens twenties thirties 等 来表达 She is still in her twenties 她才二十几岁 考点四 年代的表达法 表示 几十年代 时 在阿拉伯数字后加 s 或 s My grandpa was born in 1910 s 二 主谓一致 谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致 这就叫主谓一致 在判定一个句子主 谓语是否一致时 要遵循下列三个原则 语法一致 意义一致和就近一致 语法一致 也 就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致 即主语为单数形式 谓语动词也采用单数形式 主 语为复数形式 谓语动词亦为复数形式 意义一致 就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问 题 主语形式为单数 但意义为复数 谓语动词依意义而定 也采用复数形式 就近一致 是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致 考点一 谓语动词用单数的情况 1 主语为表示时间 距离 金钱 度量 容量 书名等整体概念的名词时 Ten miles is not a long way for me 2 由 and 连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语 前面由不定代词 every each no 修饰时 Every student and every teacher is in the classroom 3 and 连接的两个词是指同一个人 同一事物或同一概念 因而两个名词共用一个冠 词时 The writer and artist has come Bread and butter is her favourite food 4 the number of 复数名词作主语时 The number of professors present at the meeting is 1800 5 动名词 短语 不定式 从句等作主语时 What he said is very important for us all 6 one and a half 复数名词 more than one 单数名词 many a 单数名词作主 语时 2 More than one student has gone to Beijing 7 the 形容词 表示一类抽象的事物 谓语动词用单数 The new is sure to replace the old 考点二 谓语动词用复数的情况 1 有些集合名词 如 clothes cattle folk people police poultry 家禽 等作主语 后面的谓语动词多用复数形式 The police are searching for the murderer 2 the 形容词或分词 表示某一类人时动词用复数 The old are living a happy life now 3 由 and 或 both and 连接两个单数名词作主语时 指的是复数概念 谓语动词 用复数形式 不可数名词同样 Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop 考点三 谓语动词单复数视情况而定 1 集合名词如 group family class government team public enemy crowd audience club p arty crew 等作主语时 如果看成一个整体 谓语动词用单数形式 如果侧重其成员 谓 语动词用复数形式 The family which is not big like watching football games 2 主语是单复数同形的名词如 deer sheep fish series species means works aircraft 等时 视其表达的意义 而判断谓语动词的单复数 A new means has been used by our government Many means have not come into effect 3 代词 none neither all 等作主语 谓语动词的单复数取决于所指代的内容 All our hope has gone All the students have come on time 4 population 表示 人口 即一个国家或地区的居民数目 它作主语时谓语动词要 用单数形式 当它前面有分数或百分数时 population 是指一个国家或地区的全体居民 它作主语时 谓语动词一般用复数形式 The population of Canada is about 29 million Eighty percent of the population in this country are farmers 考点四 名词 或代词 介词短语 作主语时的主谓一致 1 有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语 该短语对谓语动词不产生影响 The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly 2 当主语后面跟有 with together with along with accompanied by like in addition to as well as as much as more than rather than no less than except but besides including 等连接的词组时 其谓语动词的单复数要与它 们前面的主语取得一致 The singer together with his agent has arrived 考点五 名词 或代词 of 名词 作主语时的主谓一致 1 由 some plenty a lot lots most the rest all half part 或分数 百分数 of 名词 等短语作主语时 谓语动词常与 of 后的名词保持数的一致 一般来说 如果 of 后面所接名词为复数形式 谓语动词为复数 如果 of 后面所接名词为单数形式或 不可数名词 谓语就用单数形式 About one third of the books are well worth reading Over 30 of the work has been finished 2 由 a kind of this kind of many kinds of 和 名词 of this kind 等 以及 type sort part piece section pair 等构成的同类型短语作主语时 谓语动词 与 of 前的名词保持数的一致 This kind of animals is dangerous Animals of this kind are dangerous 3 3 a large amount of 不可数名词 作主语 谓语用单数 large amounts of 不可数名词 作主语 谓语用复数 a large quantity of 不可数名词 作主语 谓语用单数 a large quantity of 复数名词 作主语 谓语用复数 large quantities of 不可数名词 复数名词 作主语 谓语用复数 a good great deal of 不可数名词 作主语 谓语用单数 Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market 考点六 就近原则 1 由 or either or neither nor not only but also 等连接两个或两 个以上的并列主语时 采用就近一致原则 即谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保 持一致 Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin s movies Are either you or your brother going to the party 2 there be 句型中 be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定 There are some envelopes and paper for you 考点七 定语从句中的主谓一致 1 在定语从句里 关系代词 that who which 等作主语时 其谓语动词的数应与句 中先行词的数一致 Those who have seen the film please put up your hands 2 one of 复数名词 定语从句 结构中 从句中谓语动词要用复数形式 Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad 3 the only one of 复数名词 定语从句 结构中 从句中的谓语动词要用单数形 式 He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam 1 2012 陕西高考 The basketball coach as well as his team interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance A were B was C is D are 2 2012 湖南高考 All the scientific evidence that increasing use of chemicals in farming damaging our health A show are B shows are C show is D shows is 3 2011 安徽高考 The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials the rest of which saved for other purposes A is B are C was D were 4 2011 湖南高考 One third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black people A is are B is is C are are D are is 5 2011 江苏高考 The fact that so many people still smoke in public places that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking A suggest B suggests C suggested D suggesting 6 2013 安徽皖南八校第二次联考 It is either he or you in charge of the project and supposed to finish it punctually A who is B that is C who are D which are 7 2013 云南昆明摸底调研 The girl found the T shirt sold online 4 was that in the supermarket A as half cheap as B cheap as half as C the half price of D half the price of 8 2013 北京东城第二次联考 The basketball coach as well as his team interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance A were B was C is D are 9 2013 四川南充月考 The driver the passengers responsible for the accident A more than are B rather than is C other than were D less than was 10 2013 陕西西安月考 My sister as well as her classmates who late for class criticized by Mr Hunt A were was B was were C was was D were were 11 2013 河南开封模拟 of the land in that district covered with trees and grass A Two fifth is B Two fifths are C Two fifth are D Two fifths is 12 Everyone men and women old and young sports and games A is enjoy B were enjoying C enjoys D enjoy 13 Mayor as well as volunteer workers the newly built stadium A is cleaning B are cleaning C were cleaning D have cleaned 14 Many a student something about Abraham Lincoln A have known B knows C is known D are known 15 The public the best judge because the public always their thoughts A are express B is express C is expresses D are expresses 16 The family as well as their dog on the roof by the flood A was trapped B trapped C were trapped D trapping 17 Cattle well in the country market at present according to the evening news A sell B sells C is being sold D will be sold 18 All the furniture in my office made in Hong Kong A is B are C were D had been 19 Every means to prevent the water from A are used polluting B get used pollution C is used polluted D has been used being polluted 20 Is it he or you in charge of the job A who is B that is C who are D whom are 21 I think Class One to win because Class One all football lovers 5 A is likely are B are likely are C is likely is D are likely is 22 Britain many other industrialized countries major changes over the last 100 years A together with have experienced B as well as have experienced C in common with has experienced D instead of has experienced 23 Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes sent to the disaster hit area since the powerful earthquake occurred A has been B have been C is being D are being 24 What the children in the mountain village need good books A is B are C have D has 25 A teacher of English and head teacher us something about volunteer workers A are telling B is telling C are given D were given 26 Nothing but several glasses bought by my father the day before yesterday A was B were C have been D would be 27 2013 广西桂林中学模拟 It s said that of the students absent A three fifth are B three fifths is C third fifth is D three fifths are 28 2013 湖南湘中名校联考 Not Jack but you and I to blame for the accident We were so careless A am B is C are D should 29 2013 湖南湘中名校联考 What a lot of money Is it meant for me Yes darling If you get full marks in the exam you ll have that A more than twice than B more than twice as much as C twice as much than D as much twice as 30 2013 湖南重点中学月考 More than one doctor involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake A were B was C are D is 31 2013 吉林油田高中摸底 The girl sitting by the window is the only one of the students who from the countryside in our class A was B were C is D are 32 2013 宁夏银川一中二次月考 Did you go to the show last night Yeah Every boy and every girl in the area invited A were B was C has been D have been 6 参考答案参考答案 1 B as well as 连接两个并列的名词作主语时 根据其前面的名词来确定谓语动 词的形式 句意 由于出色的表现 比赛结束不久 这位篮球教练和他的队员们接受了采 访 由句意可知动作发生在过去 故选 B 项 2 D 第一个空的主语为不可数名词 evidence 故其谓语动词要用单数 shows 第二 个空的主语为 use 谓语动词也要用单数形式 句意 所有的科学证据都表明农业中对化 学品日益增长的使用正损害我们的身体健康 故 D 项正确 3 D 句意 这家工厂用了 65 的原材料 剩余的被作为它用 raw materials 是先行 词 which 引导的定语从句中 the rest 作主语 the rest 作主语时 谓语的数由其后的 名词而定 而 which raw materials 所以谓语要用复数形式 由主句中的时态可知 从 句中要用一般过去时态 故选 D 项 4 A 国家三分之一的领土 在概念上是单数 故系动词用单数 而 国家公民的 大多数 是复数 故系动词用复数 句意 这个国家三分之一的领土被树木覆盖且多数公 民为黑人 故选 A 项 5 B 句意 目前许多人仍然在公共场所吸烟的事实表明我们需要开展一场全国范围 的运动来提高人们对吸烟危险性的认识 分析句子结构可知 主语是 the fact 其后的 that 引导的是同位语从句 因此主句的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式 结合上下文时态 可确定 此处用一般现在时 6 C either or 连接主语时 谓语动词要和临近的主语一致 先行词是 you 故用 are 7 D 句意 这个女孩发现网上卖的 T 恤衫是超市里卖的价格的一半 倍数的表达有 三种方式 1 倍数 as adj adv as 被比对象 这一句型中 如果形容词修饰一单 数可数名词 那么要把形容词提到冠词的前面来 即 倍数 as adj a an 单数可数 名词 as 被比对象 2 倍数 形容词或者副词的比较级 than 被比对象 3 倍数 the size width depth length height of 被比对象 这里考查的是第三种形式 8 B as well as 连接的名词作主语时 谓语动词要和前面的主语一致 这里和 the basketball coach 一致 而且是过去时 故选 B 项 9 B 句意 是这个司机而不是乘客应为此次事故负责 名词 rather than 另一名 词作主语时 谓语动词与第一个名词取得人称和数的一致 故 B 项正确 10 A 第一个空为定语从句中的谓语动词 修饰先行词 classmates 为复数名词 故谓语动词要用复数形式 as well as 连接的两个名词作主语时谓语动词要与第一个取得 一致 因此第二个空要用单数形式 故只有 A 项正确 11 D 句意 那个地区五分之二的陆地都被绿树草地所覆盖 two fifths 表示 五 分之二 分数或百分数作主语时 谓语动词的单复数要与 of 后的名词取得一致 land 为 不可数名词 故正确答案为 D 项 12 C 本句主语是不定代词 everyone 表示单数 谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式 因此选择 C 项 13 A 名词 as well as 另一名词作主语时 谓语动词要与前面的名词保持人称 和数的一致 此处 mayor 是单数名词 故谓语用第三人称单数形式 14 B 主语 many a student 意思是复数 形式是单数 谓语动词要用第三人称单数 形式 15 B 前一个 public 公众 表示的是集体 整体 故谓语动词要用单数形式 后 一个 public 表示的是个体 即公众中每个成员 故谓语动词要用复数形式 因此 B 项正确 16 C 分析句子结构可以看出 句子缺少谓语动词 as well as 当作介词使用 后 面的成分不能作主语 主语是 the family 在这里指的是一家人 侧重个体成员 所以谓 语动词用复数形式 人是被洪水困住的 所以用被动语态 句意 那家人还有他们养的狗 都被洪水困在了屋顶 17 A 有些集合名词作主语时 应以复数看待 这类名词有 people cattle police 等 故此处谓语动词要用复数形式 故 A 项正确 18 A 此处 furniture 作主语 为不可数名词 故谓语动词用单数形式 7 19 D 本题考查单复数同形的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式 这一类动词有 means works species 等 句意 政府 用尽一切办法来阻止水受