【志鸿优化设计】2014届高考英语第一轮复习 （归纳拓展+巩固提升）语法专题七 虚拟语气（含解析） 译林牛津版

1 语法专题七语法专题七 虚拟语气虚拟语气 英语中有三种不同的语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的 愿望 假设 猜测或建议 而不表示客观存在的事实 考点一 虚拟语气用于条件句中 1 表示与现在事实相反 条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时 be 的过去式用 were 主句中谓语动词用 would should could might 动词原形 If I were you I would study hard 2 表示与过去事实相反 条件状语从句中谓语动词用 had 过去分词 主句中谓语动 词用 would should could might have 过去分词 If he had taken my advice he would have passed the test 3 表示与将来的事实相反 条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时或 should 动词 原形或 were to 动词原形 主句中谓语动词用 would should could might 动词原 形 If it were to rain tomorrow they would not go to the cinema 注意 1 if 条件句中只要用了过去的时态就说明该句要使用虚拟语气 2 if 条件句中只出现一个表示与将来事实相反的情态动词 should 3 含有 if 条件句的虚拟语气中 主句都要用情态动词 且都可理解为过去式 考点二 wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法 在 wish 后的宾语从句中 表示与现在或过去的事实相反 或对将来的主观愿望 从句 中通常用虚拟语气 从句中谓语动词的构成形式为 1 表示对现在情况的虚拟 从句中谓语动词用过去式 be 动词一般用 were I wish it were spring now 2 表示对过去情况的虚拟 从句中谓语动词常用 had 过去分词 I wish he had come yesterday 3 表示对将来的主观愿望 从句中动词常用 would could might 动词原形 I wish it would be fine tomorrow 考点三 谓语动词必须用 should 动词原形 的情况 1 表示 建议 要求 命令 的动词 一坚持 insist 二命令 order command 三建议 suggest propose advise 四要求 demand require request ask 后面 的宾语从句或是由 it 作形式主语的主语从句中的谓语动词要用 should 动词原形 这些词相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词也要用 should 动词原 形 The teacher ordered that the homework should be handed in on time It is suggested that the meeting should be put off My idea is that we should think it over 注意 suggest 作 表明 暗示 讲时 不用虚拟语气 insist 作 坚持认为 讲时 不用虚拟语气 The smile on his face suggested he was happy The boy insisted he hadn t stolen the money 2 在 It is important strange natural necessary a pity a shame 等 that 从句 表示情绪 观点等 主语从句中的谓语动词用 should 动词原形 should 可以省略 It is a pity that he should refuse to accept the offer 考点四 虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用 1 在 as if as though 引导的状语从句中 若从句与事实相反 则要用虚拟语气 其形式如下 主语 as if though 主语 一般过去时 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生 主语 as if though 主语 would could 动词原形 从句的动作相对主句来说在 2 将来发生 主语 as if though 主语 过去完成时 从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前 He talks as if he knew all about it He walked slowly as though he had hurt his leg 2 在 It is high time that 句型中也用虚拟语气 从句常用过去式 有时也用 should 动词原形 should 不可以省略 表示 是时候做 了 含 建议 的意味 It is time that we studied hard 3 would rather 后接动词原形 但接从句时要用虚拟语气 宁愿 但愿 would rather 主语 一般过去时 表示与现在或将来情况相反 would rather 主语 过去完成时 表示与过去事实相反 I d rather he didn t go now I d rather you hadn t told Mike the bad news 4 if only 要是 就好了 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望时 句子谓语动 词用一般过去时 表示与过去事实相反的愿望时 句子谓语动词用过去完成时 If only I had passed the driving test last week 5 动词 hope intend mean plan want think 等词的过去完成时形式 通常表示 本想 本打算 本认为 He had hoped to come to the party but it began to rain 考点五 含蓄虚拟条件句 有时候假设的情况不以 if 引导的条件句形式表现出来 而是通过一个介词短语 连词 或其他形式表示 常用的词或短语有 without with but for 要是没有 otherwise or but 等 Without your help If we had not had your help we could not have finished the task He felt very tired yesterday or otherwise he would have come to the party 考点六 错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时 称为 错综时 间条件句 动词的形式要根据各自主从句所表示的时间作出相应的调整 If you had followed my advice you would recover 从句说的是过去 主句说的 是现在 If I were you I would have gone abroad 从句是现在 主句说的是过去 考点七 省略 if 的虚拟语气 如果 if 从句中含有 were should had 时 则可以省略 if 把这三个词置于句首 采用倒装语序 If I were you I would go to the party Were I you I would go to the party If it should happen what would you do Should it happen what would you do If you had come earlier you would catch the bus Had you come earlier you would catch the bus 1 2012 北京高考 Don t handle the vase as if it made of steel A is B were C has been D had been 2 2012 浙江高考 Had they known what was coming next they second thoughts A may have B could have C must have had D might have had 3 2012 陕西高考 If my car more reliable I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer 3 A was B had been C should be D would be 4 2012 辽宁高考 Jack is a great talker It s high time that he something instead of just talking A will do B has done C do D did 5 2012 山东高考 If we adequate preparations the conference wouldn t have been so successful A haven t made B wouldn t make C didn t make D hadn t made 6 2012 安徽高考 Grace doesn t want to move to New York because she thinks if she there she wouldn t be able to see her parents very often A lives B would live C has lived D were to live 7 2012 福建高考 We lost our way in that small village otherwise we more places of interest yesterday A visited B had visited C would visit D would have visited 8 2012 湖南高考 Sorry I am too busy now If I time I would certainly go for an outing with you A have had B had had C have D had 9 2012 天津高考 We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold us a ride home A didn t offer B wouldn t offer C hasn t offered D hadn t offered 10 2011 课标全国高考 They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed A will B can C must D should 11 2011 北京高考 Where are the children The dinner s going to be completely ruined I wish they always late A weren t B hadn t been C wouldn t be D wouldn t have been 12 2011 北京高考 Maybe if I science and not literature then I would be able to give you more help A studied B would study C had studied D was studying 13 2011 天津高考 I sooner but I didn t know that they were waiting for me A had come B was coming C would come D would have come 14 2011 福建高考 Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution I it but I was busy preparing for a job interview A attended B had attended C would attend D would have attended 15 2011 陕西高考 I through that bitter period without your generous help A couldn t have gone B didn t go C wouldn t go D hadn t gone 4 16 2011 江西高考 We John s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury A will put B will have put C would put D would have put 17 What s your opinion of Mr Li s request that we spend half an hour reading English aloud every morning A must B would C should D could 18 I ran all the way to school yesterday otherwise I late for the annual talent show A was B had been C would be D would have been 19 What s your feeling now I am terribly sorry If only I here yesterday A came B would have come C have come D had come 20 2013 河北普通高中教学质监 I would have grabbed the ball if I closer to it A was B were C would be D had been 21 2013 山西第二次四校联考 It s everybody s desire that every effort to reduce the pollution in our city A was made B be made C will be made D would be made 22 2013 北京东城区示范校综合练习一 If he had decided where to go he on his way at present A would be B would have been C is D were 23 2013 河南中原名校联考 Without your selfless help I such great progress A can t make B couldn t have made C couldn t make D wouldn t make 24 2013 浙江名校联盟第一次联考 a little earlier you could have got a copy of his latest book A If you would arrive B If you arrived C Should you arrive D Had you arrived 25 2013 河南中原名校联考 How I wish I the key with me Then you would not have to wait for your wife s rescue A had had B have had C had D have 5 参考答案参考答案 1 B as if 条件句用虚拟语气表示与现在的事实相反 句意 不要对待那个花瓶像 它是由钢制成似的 2 D 句意 如果他们知道接下来会发生什么 他们可能就会再三考虑了 表示与过 去事实相反的虚拟 主句用 might could should would have done 3 B 根据 would have driven 可知是与过去的事实相反 故 if 条件句用过去完成 时 句意 如果我的车子再可靠一点的话 我就会开车而不是乘飞机去拉萨了 4 D 句意 杰克是个空谈家 到了他做点事而不是夸夸其谈的时候了 it is high time 从句中要用虚拟语气 其谓语动词多用一般过去时 或是 should 动词原形 should 不能省略 故只有 D 项正确 5 D 在 if 引导的条件虚拟句中 与过去情况相反的条件句用 had done 的形式 主 句谓语为 情态动词 have done 形式 句意 如果我们没有做好充分的准备 会议也就 不会那么顺利 故选 D 项 6 D 句意 格雷斯不想搬到纽约去 因为她认为如果她住在那儿的话 就不能经常 见到她的父母了 由句意可知 这是对将来事情的虚拟 故主句中要用 would 动词原形 条件句中可以用 were to do 一般过去时态或者 should do 所以只有 D 项符合题意 7 D 由句子中的 我们在那个小村庄里迷了路 与 otherwise 可想到本题考查对过 去事情的虚拟语气 otherwise 等于 if we hadn t lost our way in that small village 因此其主句的谓语应用 would have done 的形式 故答案为 D 项 8 D 句意 很抱歉 我现在很忙 要是我有时间 一定会与你去远足的 根据句意 可知 此处表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 条件句中的谓语动词要用过去式 故 D 项正 确 9 D 句意 昨天 如果不是哈罗德让我们搭他的车回家 我们就叫辆出租车了 表 示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 条件句的谓语动词用过去完成时 10 D should have done 意为 本该做某事 但实际上未做 符合句意 句意 他们本该在午饭的时候到达 但是他们的航班延误了 A 项为将来完成时 B 项的 can 表推 测 不能用于肯定句中 C 项构成 must have done 结构 表示 一定做过某事 11 A 本题是考查 wish 后接虚拟语气的用法 而且是对现在情况的虚拟 应用一般 过去时表示 句意 孩子们到哪儿去了 饭菜快凉了 真希望他们不要总这么晚 12 C 由 if I then 可知 从句是对过去事情的虚拟 应用过去完成时 句意 或许当时如果我学自然科学而不学文学的话 我就会给你更多的帮助 故选 C 项 13 D 由空后的 but I didn t know that they were waiting for me 可知 我 并 没有早点来 因此第一句是一个虚拟语气的句子 因为讲述的过去的事情 所以句子应借 助于 woul d have 过去分词 的形式 本句可以改为以下形式 I would have come sooner if I had known that they were waiting for me 句意 我本来能够早点来 但 是我不知道他们在等着我 故选 D 项 14 D 由 but 后的 I was busy preparing for a job interview 可知说话者并没有 去听演讲 因此此处应是一个表示过去情况的虚拟语气 对过去的事情进行虚拟时 主句 应用 would have 过去分词 本句可以改为 I would have attended it if I hadn t been busy prep