小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳汇总.doc

小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳汇总一般现在时一. 意义：表示经常发生的事情，动作或存在的状态二. 构成及变化1.be动词的变化。肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2. 行为动词的变化。当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：We often play basketball after school.否定句：主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。如：we dont play basketball after school.一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它?如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句?如： What do you often do after school ?当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如： He swims well.否定句：主语+ doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。如：He doesnt swim well.一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。如：Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句?如： How does your father go to work?三.第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式)(1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs.(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母,结尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es: studystudies flyflies carrycarries crycries但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says四.时间标志：always , usually , often , sometimes ,every现在进行时一.意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。二.构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句： 主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他) Im doing my homework now .否定句：主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他. Im not doing my homework now.一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词-ing +其他?Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , Im not .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?What are you doing now ?三. 现在分词的构成：(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing，如 skate skating make making dance dancing write writing have havingride riding come coming(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping joggingsitting getting forgetting letting四.时间标志now，句前的look ,listen 一般过去时一.意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态.二.构成及变化1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化：肯定句 ： 主语 + 动词的过去式 .I watched a film last Sunday .否定句 ： 主语+ didnt + 动词原形.I didnt watch a film last Sunday .一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didnt .特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?三、时间标志：yesterday,yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, month, year),a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago一般将来时一.意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。二. 构成及变化：一般将来时常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shall/will+动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿1. be going to +动词原形1.肯定句 主语+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。2.否定句 主语+be(am / is / are)not going to +动词原形 +其它成份I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。3.一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isnt.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过?5.注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go ， come 等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.2.will /shall +动词原形(在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall ,在口语中，所有人称都可以用will)1.肯定句 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。2.否定句 主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它成份They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。3.一般疑问句 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ? 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗?4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来?三、附 :Shall I /we 常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Will you?他们的回答比较灵活。1.Shall we go to the park ?肯定Sure , lets go .否定 No , lets go to the cinema.2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ?肯定Yes, I will. / Sure .否定 Im sorry. Im afraid I cant.四、时间标志：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening just now, 班级：学号：姓名：1、他不高。3、我们晚上经常看电视。8、汤姆正在公园里跑步。11、他们在干什么？15、他们将去哪里游泳？17、我们将去溜冰。 练习题：一、 用动词的正确形式填空1. I _ (do) my homework every evening.2. We _ (fly) kites in the park on Sundays.3. My mother _ (clean) our room on Sundays.4. Tom _(play) the piano every Saturday. Now he_ (play).5. She _(like) swimming. She _ (swim) this weekend.6. Usually my mother _ (wash) the dishes after lunch. But my grandma _ (wash) today.7. Look at the man! He _ (read) a magazine.8. Look! The plane _ (fly) over the building.9. Listen! My aunt _ (sing) in the room.She is a singer. She _ (like) singing. She _(have) a music show. She is excited.10. Tom and Mike always _ (swim) in the river. They _ (swim) in the swimming pool this Sunday. Look! They _ (swim). 11. What _ you usually _ (do) in the evening? I _ (play) computer games.12. What _ you _ (do) now? I _ (make) a paper plane.13. What _ he _ (do)? He _ (dance). 14. What _ she _ (do) yesterday? She _ (visit) her grandparents.15. _ your mother _ (read) newspaper in the morning? Yes, She _ .16. _ you _ (like) fishing? No, I _ . I like _ (swim), but my brother _ (like).17. How _ your father _ (go) to work every day? He _ (go) by bike. But its cold today. He _ (take) the No.21 bus, and he _ (go) to work by taxi yesterday.18. _ the monkey _ (like) climbing trees? Yes, it _ .19. What _ your father _ (do) after lunch? He _ (read) a comic book. What _ he _(do) today? He _ (clean) the kitchen for my grandma. Look! He (clean).20. _ you _ (collect) stamps? Yes. I _ . _ your brother _ (collect), too? No, he _ .二、选择题1. _ he _ to the park at 6:30 in the morning? No,he _ .A. Does; goes; does B. Does; go; doesnt C. Does; go; does2. What colour _ you _ this bookcase? I _ it pink.A. are; going to paint; am going to paint B. do; paint; paint C. did; paint; painted 3. Tim always _ a picture at home. He _ a car now. A. draws; is drawing B. draw; draw C. draws; draw4. She usually _ her friends. They often _ tea. A. see; drink B. sees; drinks C. sees; drink5. He usually _ the dishes at night, but tonight he _ clothes. A. wash; wash B.washes; is going to wash C. is washing; washes6. Mr. Green usually _ his newspaper in the evening, but he and his wife _ television yesterday evening.A.reads; watches B.reads; is going to watch C.reads; watched7. Where are the man and the woman? They _ near the tree. A. sit B. sat C. are sitting8. _ your penpal _ diving? No, he _ .He _ writing stories.A. Does; like; doesnt; likes B. Does; likes; doesnt; like C. Do; like; dont; likes9. _ you _ fishing yesterday? No, we _ . A. Does; go; doesnt B. Did; go; didnt C. Do; go; dont10. Open the window, Please. Look! He _ it. A. opens B. is openning C. is opening11. I usually _ some milk every day. But I _ coffee yesterday. A. drink; drank B. is drinking; drink C. drank; am drinking12. Mr. Green often _ his newspapers at night. But he _ an interesting book tonight. A. reads; reads B. reads; read C. reads; is going to read13. The old man _ playing sports in the park. He _ morning exercise now. A. likes; is doing B. likes; does C. like; doing14. What _ you usually _ in the evening? I _ computer games.What _ you _ last night? I _ a book. A. do; do; play; did; do; read B. did; do; played; do; do; read C. does; do; plays; do; do; am reading15. Where _ the boy _ ? He _ across the river now. A. does; swim; swims B. is; swimming; is swimming D. is; swimming; is swimming16. _ you _ to music now? Yes, we _ . A. Do; listen; do B. Did; listen; did C. Are; listening; are17. Put on you coat, please. OK. I _ it on. A. am putting B. am going to put C. put18. _ you _ coffee? Yes, I _ . A. Do; like; do B. Did; like; did C. Are; like; am19. Look! Two cats _ across the wall. A. run B. runs C. are running20. She _ tea, but he _ . A. likes; doesnt B; like; dont C. like; doesnt21. -How many _ in the tree? -There are two.A. bird are ther B. birds is ther C. birds are there D.birds are their22. Mr Johnson us