09(3)冲刺cet4讲义

1 四级冲刺讲义四级冲刺讲义 听力听力 简短对话题型归类和应试策略简短对话题型归类和应试策略 1 数字与计算题 数字与计算题 数字与计算 是早年大学英语四级统考中的听力测试的最常考项目之一 常见的计算 题包括时间 价格 年龄 距离 速度等 出题形式可分为计算型 辨认型和替换型 以加减计算题为主 相关词汇与表达 more less late early fast slow ahead of schedule delay postpone decrease bring forward times twice double a quarter a half the day before yesterday by noon half an hour 例一 A 1 40B 4 30C 6 40D 8 60 W Here is a ten dollar bill Give me two tickets for tonight s show please M Sure Two tickets and here s a dollar forty cents change Q How much does one ticket cost 2 职业 身份和相互关系题 职业 身份和相互关系题 这种类型的题目相对比较简单 首先 四个选择往往是 4 种不同职业或者是表示两 个对话者之间关系的词 如 husband and wife boss and secretary librarian and student 或 customer and repairman 等 选择项的特点决定了提问的内容 了解这一点后 在听音过 程中 就可以把注意力集中到一些关键词或词组上 以便作出准确判断 其次 提问的 方式比较单一固定 常见的提问方式是 What s the man woman What does the man woman do What s the man s woman s job profession occupation What s the probable relationship between the man and woman What s the probable relationship between the two speakers 在听音过程中 只需集中注意力听清对话 根据对话提供的有效信息 便可以比较 快地作出正确选择 相关词汇和表达 1 营业员与顾客 shop assistant and customer What can I do for you on sale Can I help you out of style ready made receipt check out stand size color fit look round 2 饭店服务员与顾客 waiter waitress and customer menu seasoning order treat go Dutch steak ham bill Dutch Treat reserve make a reservation 3 图书管理员与学生 librarian and student 2 borrow renew library card library catalogue loan desk due overdue fine finish reading 4 医生与病人 doctor and patient What s wrong What seems to be the symptom What s the matter indigestion stomache be operated on give an injection chest pain feel worn out 5 教师与学生 teacher and student tuition registration required course compulsory course optional course elective course drop out quit school credits attendance pass course 6 空姐与乘客 airhostess and passenger take off board fasten seatbelt land depart departure time extinguish cigarettes 7 老板与秘书 boss and secretary copy make arrangement break down inform 例一 A A railway porter B A taxi driver C A bus conductor D A postal clerk W Excuse me Sir I m going to send this parcel to London What s the postage for it M Let me see It s one pound and fifty Q Who is the woman most probably speaking to 例二 A Colleagues C Employer and employee B Husband and wife D Mother and son W John what are you doing on your computer Don t you remember your promise M This is not a game It s only a cross word puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary Q What is the probable relationship between the speakers 2003 1 3 因果关系题因果关系题 提高这类测试题的应试能力 考生必须学会分析选择项 根据选择项特征确定测试 的具体类型 即该题是就原因提问还是就结果进行提高 同时根据选择项中的主语 人 称代词的性质明确听音的重点 即是集中注意力听男声部分还是女士的谈话 就原因提 问的测试题 其选择项特点较为明显 通常都由 because 引导 但也不不少含蓄型的题目 这类测试题的选择项没有 because 不过 只要认真分析一下选择项的谓语部分也能加以 确定 例一 A He must meet his teacher B He must attend a class C He must go out with his girlfriend D He must stay at school to finish his homework W John do you want to go swimming with me today M Sure but I can t leave now I have an appointment with my professor at three o clock Q Why can t John go swimming now 3 4 地点与场所题地点与场所题 地点与场所类的题目主要要求考生判断对话发生的地点 或判断对话中某一方要去 的地方 以及判断第三者所在的位置等 这类测试通常比较简单 提问的方式比较单一 选择项特点明显 一般四个选择项都是表示地点状语的介词短语 最常见的提问方式是 Where does the conversation most probably take place Where are the two speakers now Where do you think this conversation most probably take place Where is the man woman going Where is Mary now 相关词汇和表达 Hotel room service double room reservation front desk bathroom reception single room Restaurant menu steak order salad soft drink dessert soup go Dutch beef mutton reservation Library borrow over due lend fine renew catalogue due shelf volumn Post office mail parcel airmail registered letter post postage Store size fashion color cash department counter check out on sale of the same price bargain Bank open an account draw on one s account cash a check current account fixed deposit Hospital fever pills cough tablet headache take medicine stomachache temperature prescribe School Bachelor s degree Master s degree Doctor s degree dormitory semester required course elective optional course credit exam paper term paper Plane flight seat belt take off land extinguish cigarettes boarding 例一 A An art museum C A college campus B A beautiful park D An architectural exhibition W Wow I do like this campus All the big trees the green lawns and the old buildings with tall columns 柱 园柱 It s really beautiful M It sure is The architecture of these buildings is in the Greek style It was popular in the 18th century here Q What are the speakers talking about 2005 6 例二 A At a publishing house C In a reading room B At a bookstore D In Prof Jordan s office M Excuse me I am looking for the textbook by a Professor Jordon for the marketing course 市 场营销课程 W I am afraid it s out of stock 脱销 You d have to order 订购 it And it will take the 4 publisher 出版商 3 weeks to send it to us Q Where did this conversation most probably take place 5 态度与反应题态度与反应题 涉及的主要是对话中男女双方对某人某事的看法 主要测试考生分析判断能力 四 个选择项都有比较明显的特点 即选择项中往往出现表示人的情感或态度的动词或形容 词等 如 be afraid think believe feel like 等 另外 在选择项中常会出现表明人的喜 怒 哀 乐等情感的形容词 如 excited bored 等 有时也会出现描述事物性质的词 如 big small cheap 等 常见的提问方式有 What does the man woman think of What s their opinion of How did the man woman feel about How did the man woman feel 值得提醒的是 听力测试中还有一种特殊现象 对话中的另一方 第二个说话的人 并不直接说出自己的看法 而是用 also too neither either so the same 来表明自己的态 度 在这种情况下 就必须听清第一个人的讲话并准确理解其态度 只有这样才能作出 正确选择 例一 A He wishes to have more courses like it B He finds it hard to follow the teacher C He wishes the teacher would talk more D He doesn t like the teacher s accent W You took an optional course this semester didn t you How is it going M Terrible It seems like the more the professor talks the less I understand Q How did the man feel about the course 2002 6 例二 A The man went to the concert but the woman didn t B The woman went to the concert but the man didn t C The speakers did not go to the concert D Both speakers went to the concert M You didn t go to the concert last night either did you W No I had a slight headache Q What can we learn from this conversation 1991 6 4 6 肯定与否定题肯定与否定题 听力测试题有很多对话常通过某种否定形式来表示肯定含义 或是利用肯定形式表 示否定意义 其目的是考查学生的快速反应能力和基础知识掌握的程度 5 常见的以否定形式表示肯定意义的结构有 cannot wait 不定式或 can hardly wait 不 定式 急于 迫切希望 cannot 与 much 或 too enough sufficiently over 构成的 合成词 连用 无论怎么也不为过 cannot help doing 禁不住做 cannot but do 不 得不 必然 cannot help but do 不得不 have no choice alternative but to do 除做 外 别无选择 非做 不可 nothing but 只有 只不过 另外 还可以通过各种比较结构 来表示肯定含义 最常用的有 nothing less than 和 一模一样 完全是 more A than B 与其说是 B 不如说是 A 或是 A 而不是 B less A than B 与其说是 A 不如说是 B 或是 B 而不是 A not so much A as B 是 B 而不是 A A not so as B A 比 B 表达 的正好是原结构中形容词或副词的反义 常见的以肯定表示否定的意义的有 anything but 根本不 used to 过去常常 是 对现在的情况的否定 说明现在已不这样做 too to 太 以致不 这一结构的不 定式表示否定意义 prefer to 该短语否定的是介词短语部分 表示 不喜欢或不会 做 等 would rather than 宁愿 而不 这一结构否定的是 than 后的动词 would rather than 与其用法相同 例一 A The man doesn t have money for his daughter s graduate studies B The man doesn t think his daughter will get a business degree C The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science D The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision W Daddy I have decided to give up science and go to business school 商学院 M Well It s your choice as long as you pay your own way 挣钱维持生活 but I should warn you that not everyone with a business degree will make 造就 成为 a successful manager Q What do we learn from the conversation 2005 6 7 计划与行动题计划与行动题 行动类题是四级听力测试中最常见的题型之一 题量较大 1 某人计划或打算做什么 选择项常以动词原形或动词不定式形式出现 也有以句子形 式出现的选择项 这类选择项的谓语部分常出现 will be going 或 be to 解题时 应 首先根据选择项确定提问的对象 即男士还是女士计划或准备去做某事 这样听音 时就可以集中注意力去听相关部分 尤其是谓语动词 例题 A Look for a more expensive hotel B Go to another hotel by bus C Try to find a quiet place D Take a walk around the city W I don t think we can find a better hotel around here at this time M Let s walk a little further to see if there is another one I just can t bear the traffic noise here Q What will the speakers most probably do 6 2 某人正在做什么 选择项通常是动词的 ing 形式 有时也会出现句子 但其谓语动词 都是进行时的形式 这类测试题的提问方式比较单一 一般都是 What s the man woman doing now 或 What are they doing now 这种类型的测试往往比较简单 只要集 中注意力听清对话中的谓语动词基本都能作出正确的判断 例题 A Looking for a young lady B Looking for her wrist watch C Looking for a young gentleman D Looking for a man wearing a wrist watch W Excuse me sir but have you seen a young gentleman looking for his wrist watch M A young man Madam Q What s the woman doing A Talking about sports B Writing up local news C Reading newspapers D Putting up advertisements M Would you pass me the sports section please W Sure if you give me the classified ads and local news section Q What are the speakers doing 2005 1 3 某人提出去做什么 这类测试中 对话中的一方针对另一方提出的要求或建议 主动 提供帮助 试题的选择项通常为动词原形或动词不定式 解题时 通常要集中注意力 听清楚对话中第二个人的谈话 特别是谓语动词 例题 A Save time by using a computer B Buy her own computer C Borrow Martha s computer D Stay home and complete her paper W I am going to Martha s house I have a paper to complete And I need to use her computer M Why don t you buy one yourself Think how much time you could save Q What does the man suggest the woman do 2005 6 例题 A Help the company recruit graduate students B Visit the electronics company next week C Get a part time job on campus before graduation D Apply for a job in the electronics company M You know the electronics company is coming to our campus to recruit graduate students next week W Really What day I d like to talk to them and hand in my resume Q What does the woman want to do 2006 1 7 8 推理判断题推理判断题 推理判断是英语四级听力测试中最常见的题型之一 难度较大 因为说话人表达思 想的方法比较含蓄 不能为选择书面答案提供直接的信息 这就要求考生利用语音语调 和逻辑推理的思维过程来判断对话的内在含义 领会说话人的真实意图 听力理解不但 要听懂具体的话语 而且要能听懂隐含的意义 能判断讲话人的意图等 这类题型在近几年的考试中题量大 而且有增加的趋势 例一 A Go on with the game B Draw pictures on the computer C Review his lessons D Have a good rest W Mark is playing computer game M Should he do that when the final exam is drawing near Q What does the man think Mark should do 2002 6 例二 A Move to a big city C Go back to school B Become a teacher D Work in New York W Frank I thought you were working in New York M I was but I moved back I just couldn t get used to living in a big city So here I am back in school taking courses for a teacher certificate 教师证书 Q What is Frank planning to do 04 6 例三 A Move the washing machine to the basement B Turn the basement into a workshop C Repair the washing machine D Finish his assignment M Allen is in the basement trying to repair the washing machine W Shouldn t he be working on his term paper Q What does the woman think Allen should do 2005 1 例四 A The man can stay in her brother s apartment B Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel C Her brother can find an apartment for the man D The man should have booked a less expensive hotel M I am going to New York next week but the hotel I booked is really expensive W Why book a hotel My brother has 2 spare rooms in his apartment Q What does the woman mean 2006 1 8 附 附 听力中关键俚语及固定搭配归类听力中关键俚语及固定搭配归类 9 makemake itit wornworn outout get beget be usedused toto doingdoing usedused toto onceonce inin a a whilewhile figurefigure outout keepkeep itit breakbreak downdown meanmean toto bebe supposedsupposed toto nono wonderwonder letlet alonealone havehave nono ideaidea howhow comecome managemanage toto attemptattempt toto byby allall meansmeans underunder nono circumstancecircumstance thanksthanks toto countcount onon countcount inin dependdepend onon feelfeel likelike doingdoing byby chancechance YouYou areare onon itit youyou saidsaid itit YouYou bet bet can tcan t agreeagree withwith youyou more bettermore better dragdrag one sone s feetfeet drawdraw nearnear thethe lastlast thingthing youyou areare kiddingkidding comecome downdown withwith raiseraise thethe roofroof havehave one sone s handshands fullfull gogo inin oneone ear ear comecome outout ofof thethe otherother inin a a messmess bebe messedmessed upup cheercheer upup secondsecond toto nonenone toto 成功 办成某事 用破 用旧 习惯于 过去常常做某事 偶然 偶尔 弄明白 分辨出 留着 保持 机器 汽车 坏了 出故障 有意做 打算做 应该做 难怪 更不用说 不知道 怎么会 想方设法做成 试图做 尽一切办法 一定 决不 由于 依靠 指望 把 计算在内 依靠 想做 意欲 偶然 意外地 美俚 就这么办了 这事就这样定了 你说得对 当然 真的 的确 完全同意 拖着脚走 迟缓误事 拖拉 不合作 走近 临近 最不愿意做的 看到 你在开玩笑 付钱 染上 病 喧闹 大声抱怨 忙得不可开交 手头事情应接不暇 一只耳朵进 一只耳朵出 乱七八糟 使振奋 感到振奋 仅次于 长对话应试策略长对话应试策略 10 应试技巧 应试技巧 1 抓紧时间快速浏览选项 尽可能的预判对话的内容 抓紧时间快速浏览选项 尽可能的预判对话的内容 2 做题注意顺序原则 边听边选 特别注意问答 做题注意顺序原则 边听边选 特别注意问答 3 注意对话者话题的转换 起因 承接 转折 结果 注意对话者话题的转换 起因 承接 转折 结果 听力长对话可能的一些场景 听力长对话可能的一些场景 一 一 谈论课堂学习谈论课堂学习 1 两个学生谈论选课 这类对话的内容主要是一个学生因为选课的问题 征求另一个学生的意见 在复习时 应尽可能把重点放在对特征词特征词的熟悉上 特征词 特征词 常用词及句 beginning course introductory course elementary course advanced use your advice If you want to graduate you ll have to take the course be weak in do poorly in 抱怨课程难的常用语 have a hard time keeping up challenging enough 抱怨选课多的常用语 quite a heavy load drop the course that s rather a lot handle the work 谈论转学事宜 transfer out of state college into another college in spring fall bachelor s degree selective good grades in three semesters license 课程名称 math physics chemistry political science philosophy 2 谈论考试 写论文 写作 著作等 开头 开头 一般的寒暄用语 引入本对话的中心话题 中间 中间 两人对该中心话题展开讨论 基本特征是 第一个人以提问为主 第二个人回答 回答 的比较详细具体 出题点基本来自于第二个人的话中 结尾 结尾 互相祝愿 称赞或鼓励 二 二 谈论娱乐谈论娱乐 1 体育运动场景 体育运动场景可以从以下几方面入手 1 四级听力中常出现的有哪几种体育运动项目 2 每个运动项目的特征词 3 每个运动项目的背景知识 如何玩 注意事项等 主要的项目为 跑步 足球 篮球 自行车 滑雪 攀岩等 特征词 特征词 skiing rock climbing cycling spring cycling season regular hobby expert riders the mountain lake cycle tour a 2 day bicycle tour the starting line It s not a race it s just for fun the great outdoors 运动者往往不是为了比赛 而是为了好玩和健身的目的 并且沿路还可以欣赏风景名胜 11 2 谈论郊游或参观 如 06 年 12 月真题 开头 开头 一般的寒暄用语 其中一人提出要去一个地方 去的直接理由是什么 中间 中间 各自说一说与这个地方相关的内容 可能涉及到风土人情 有意义的建筑物 有意义的 人等等 结尾 结尾 祝愿对方玩得愉快 某一方迫不及待地想去了 三 三 工作场景工作场景 首先要了解常见的工种有 1 学生最常做的也是最爱做的 Teaching Assistant Research Assistant Lab Assistant 2 各种商业部门的工作 waiter waitress cook dish washing stock shelf deliver the goods book seller broker clerk work in a travel agency financial company international company 3 家庭服务性的工作 baby sitting house sitting 1 工作面试场景 开头 开头 一般的寒暄用语 中间 中间 应聘该职位的条件 是否有一定的工作经历 年龄 专业等等 工资待遇和时间 涉及薪水 工作时间的规定和要求 食宿交通费用等安排 结尾 结尾 我们再约个时间进行复试 或 很高兴您能成为我公司的一员 特征词 特征词 announcement resume the person we have been looking for interested in someone I need someone who at least 25 years old fill out an application ten hours a week fit into my schedule high school diploma bachelor s degree pre career training positions are open year round pay for living expenses working experience housing and food and allowance supervise your work paid vacation personnel department job prospect 2 两学生谈论打工 该场景中 两学生在谈论工作时只有两种意见 一是觉得工作好 另一是觉得工作坏 对工作做好的评价 The job sounds great sounds like a good job 薪水好 well paid a good salary 工作有意思 no trouble doing it enjoy doing that sort of work a very good experience build up your computer skills 对工作做坏的评价 That seems a lot of trouble for a summer job 薪水差 I would not be making nearly as much money 工作辛苦又没意思 every job has its drawbacks don t work too hard too much for one person 四 四 谈论住房或租房谈论住房或租房 12 谈论到该方面问题时经常涉及到的内容 1 房子条件差 经常出毛病 2 与同住的人相处的问题 3 找房子的过程 特征词 特征词 1 房子差 The place I m in now is real dump 垃圾堆 the buildings are pretty noisy the walls are thin and you can hear everything going on the other apartment need someone quiet 2 相处 Do you like living in the dormitory Turn radio up too loud or make too much noise then I get angry 3 找房子 the rent is 525 dollars a month include heat and electricity the tenants 房客 租户 have to pay their own utilities reasonable the high rises near the university the bus doesn t run that way I can t afford a car 短文听力题技巧综述短文听力题技巧综述 和短对话题型比起来 听力短文部分信息量大 题材范围广 题型变化多 复杂句多 每 一句的主题和相关词都不一样 似乎没什么规律可循 也难以做到准确的预测 在录音只放 一遍条件下很容易难倒考生 因此 要想听好短文这一部分 我们需要对常考短文的体 裁和题材有深入全面的了解 听时能迅速抓住文章题材 脉络 把握住有效考点 同时 还需要我们熟悉短文的提问方式及相应的解题对策 培养正确的练习方法 真正做到不 论短文内容有何变化 我们都能胸有成竹 轻松应考 一 短文听力应试技巧阐述 1 1 听之前应做的工作 听之前应做的工作 1 提前看选项 找出相同词 确定文章讨论范围 找数字 准备记录 听到什么选什么 2 分析选项 判断题目的类型 是主旨题 细节题还是推断题 2 2 听时应做的工作 听时应做的工作 1 仔细听两头 开头和结尾非常重要 出题几率很高 2 注意结尾的特点 记重复重现的词 到选项中找相同的 引导结果的连词 therefore thus so as a result that is 等等 3 快速记录那些反复听到的词语和词组 4 在文章中间抓特定的某些小词 first 经常出考题 most 经常出考题 because 经 常出考题 since only just 可能出考题 以及表示强烈的转折和强烈的因果都非常重要 3 3 听完文章 在做题时应做的工作 听完文章 在做题时应做的工作 分析选项 找出题干关键词之间可能存在的关系 进行适当的猜想 题目设置的原则 题目设置的原则 13 1 题目顺序与文章顺序基本保持一致 2 一般遵循 听到什么就选什么的原则 3 某些正确选项是对原文内容的同义转述或概括表达 二 真题回放二 真题回放 例一例一 05 年年 6 月第三篇听力文章月第三篇听力文章 18 A Beauty B Loyalty C Luck D Durability 19 A He wanted to follow the tradition of his country B He believed that it symbolized an everlasting marriage C It was thought a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart D It was supposed that the diamond on that finger would bring good luck 20 A the two people can learn about each other s likes and dislikes B The two people can have time to decide if they are a good match C The two people can have time to shop for their new home D The two people can earn enough money for their wedding 例二例二 06 年年 6 月 新题型 第二篇听力文章月 新题型 第二篇听力文章 30 A Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year B Americans enjoy eating out with their friends C The United States is a country of immigrants D Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food 31 A They can make friends with people from other countries B They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles C They can practice speaking foreign languages there D They can meet with businessmen from all over the world 32 A The couple cook the dishes and the children help them B The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress C The mother does the cooking while the father and children wait on the guests D A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests 复合式听写技巧综述 复合式听写共读三遍 第一遍和最后一遍以正常速度读出 而中间一遍在空格处会 14 做些许停顿 那么我们该如何去做才能最大效用地获得考试分数呢 建议按以下三个步骤进行训练并应用到考试当中 肯定会得心应手 第一步 听前观察和预测第一步 听前观察和预测 按照语法规则 判断填充部分的词性和大致意思 然后 可以把空格前的词勾画出 来 默读一遍 当文章念到这个词语时 就能迅速引起注意 集中精力听空格部分 第二步 精听速记第二步 精听速记 进入正式的实战中 可运用速记的方法进行填写 主要方法是 每个单词只记录头 几个字母 第一遍可着重听第 1 3 5 7 空 录音放第二遍时 着重听第 2 4 6 8 空 第三遍把进行校对 三个长句的处理 三个长句的处理 第三步 五大检查第三步 五大检查 我们不必在乎填得有多么乱和多么潦草 因为誊写和检查工作才是听写部分全部完 成的重中之重 誊写的时候 我们需要从以下五个方面去做检查 名词单复数 所有格 动词的现在分词 过去分词和第三人称单数等时态语态 形容词 副词的比较级 最高级变化 大小写 句首单词大写 专有名词大写 人名首字母大写 后三个句子的语法检查 主谓一致 结构完整 例题例题 There are a lot of good cameras available at the moment m